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1. 发明授权

US5398120A Ordered dither image rendering with non-linear luminance distribution palette 失效
标题翻译：有序的抖动图像渲染与非线性亮度分布调色板
公开(公告)号：US5398120A
公开(公告)日：1995-03-14
申请号：US169576
申请日：1993-12-16
申请人： Steven J. Friedman , Karen A. Hargrove , Joseph M. Joy , Nathan P. Myhrvold , Sunita Shrivastava , Gideon A. Yuval
发明人： Steven J. Friedman , Karen A. Hargrove , Joseph M. Joy , Nathan P. Myhrvold , Sunita Shrivastava , Gideon A. Yuval
IPC分类号： G03F3/08 , H04N1/60 , H04N1/64
CPC分类号： H04N1/644 , H04N1/6058
摘要： A high color resolution image is accurately approximated with a low resolution image through ordered dithering to colors of a displayable color palette. The colors of the displayable color palette are located at points of a grid aligned with three orthogonal axes in a three dimensional color model, including a luminance axis between black and white. The grid points are defined by the intersections of three sets of parallel planes, each set being perpendicular to one of the three axes. The set of planes perpendicular to the luminance axis are spaced nonuniformly, preferably according to a cubic model. The ordered dithering maps the true color of a pixel in the image to the color in the displayable palette at one of eight adjacent grid points. When ordered dithering of a pixel's true color would map the true color to a grid point outside the color gamut, the pixel is instead mapped to the nearest color on the color gamut's border to the grid point.
摘要翻译：通过对可显示调色板的颜色的有序抖动，通过低分辨率图像来精确地近似高分辨率图像。可显示调色板的颜色位于三维颜色模型中与三个正交轴对齐的网格点，包括黑色和白色之间的亮度轴。网格点由三组平行平面的交点定义，每组平行平面垂直于三个轴之一。垂直于亮度轴的平面组不均匀地间隔开，优选地根据立方体模型。有序抖动将图像中的像素的真实颜色映射到可显示调色板中八个相邻网格点之一的颜色。当对像素的真实色彩进行排序抖动时，将真实颜色映射到色域外的网格点，因此将像素映射到色域边界上最接近网格点的颜色。

2. 发明授权

US5341464A Luminance emphasized color image rendering 失效
标题翻译：亮度强调彩色图像渲染
公开(公告)号：US5341464A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-23
申请号：US77852
申请日：1993-06-16
申请人： Steven J. Friedman , Karen A. Hargrove , Joseph M. Joy , Nathan P. Myhrvold , Sunita Shrivastava , Gideon A. Yuval
发明人： Steven J. Friedman , Karen A. Hargrove , Joseph M. Joy , Nathan P. Myhrvold , Sunita Shrivastava , Gideon A. Yuval
IPC分类号： G06T11/00 , G06F15/62
CPC分类号： G06T11/001
摘要： A high color resolution image is rendered using a palette having a lower color resolution. The color of each pixel in the image is mapped to the nearest of the palette colors located on or between levels of uniform luminance adjacent to the pixel color. The mapping of the pixel color is further constrained to exclude palette colors for which double the error to the pixel color is outside the color gamut. The mapping is performed efficiently by a look-up table, the size of which is reduced by first dithering the pixel color to a color in an intermediate palette and then indexing the table using the intermediate palette color to find the reduced palette color. The mapping can be performed in an error diffusion process in which the pixel's color is modified by error diffused from any previously rendered neighboring pixels, then mapped to a reduced palette color to render the pixel with the reduced palette color, and finally diffuse any error between the pixel's color and the reduced palette color to any not yet rendered pixels.
摘要翻译：使用具有较低颜色分辨率的调色板呈现高分辨率图像。图像中的每个像素的颜色被映射到位于与像素颜色相邻的均匀亮度之间或之间的调色板颜色中最接近的颜色。像素颜色的映射被进一步约束以排除调色板颜色，其中像素颜色的误差的两倍在色域之外。通过查找表来有效地执行映射，通过首先将像素颜色抖动到中间调色板中的颜色，然后使用中间调色板来对表进行索引来减小其大小，以找到调色板颜色。该映射可以在误差扩散过程中进行，其中通过从先前渲染的相邻像素扩散的误差来修改像素的颜色，然后映射到减少的调色板颜色，以使得具有减小的调色板颜色的像素，并且最终扩散像素的颜色和减少的调色板颜色到任何尚未渲染的像素。

3. 发明授权

US06532020B1 Luminance sensitive palette 失效
标题翻译：亮度敏感调色板
公开(公告)号：US06532020B1
公开(公告)日：2003-03-11
申请号：US08667291
申请日：1996-06-19
申请人： Steven J. Friedman , Gillian Furse , Karen A. Hargrove , Joseph M. Joy , Nathan P. Myhrvold , Sunita Shrivastava , Gideon A. Yuval
发明人： Steven J. Friedman , Gillian Furse , Karen A. Hargrove , Joseph M. Joy , Nathan P. Myhrvold , Sunita Shrivastava , Gideon A. Yuval
IPC分类号： G06T1100
CPC分类号： G06T11/001
摘要： A custom palette comprises colors on a plurality of luminance levels consisting of colors of uniform luminance. The spacing in luminance between levels varies in relation to the luminance, the spacing between levels being closer at low luminance and increasing at greater luminance. The palette preferably includes a gray color from each luminance level, highly saturated colors at the vertices of every alternate level, and a selection of lower saturation colors encircling the gray color on each level. The selection of lower saturation colors preferably includes a higher concentration of flesh and sky colors.
摘要翻译：自定义调色板包括由均匀亮度的颜色组成的多个亮度级的颜色。亮度之间的亮度间隔相对于亮度而变化，在低亮度下电平之间的间隔更接近并以更高亮度增加。调色板优选地包括来自每个亮度级的灰色，每个交替水平的顶点处的高度饱和的颜色，以及在每个级别上包围灰色的较低饱和度颜色的选择。较低饱和度颜色的选择优选地包括更高浓度的肉和天空颜色。

4. 发明授权

US5455600A Method and apparatus for mapping colors in an image through dithering and diffusion 失效
标题翻译：用于通过抖动和扩散来映射图像中的颜色的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5455600A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-03
申请号：US68925
申请日：1993-05-27
申请人： Steven J. Friedman , Karen A. Hargrove , Joseph M. Joy , Nathan P. Myhrvold , Sunita Shrivastava , Gideon A. Yuval
发明人： Steven J. Friedman , Karen A. Hargrove , Joseph M. Joy , Nathan P. Myhrvold , Sunita Shrivastava , Gideon A. Yuval
IPC分类号： G09G3/20 , G09G5/02 , G09G5/06 , H04N1/52 , G09G1/28
CPC分类号： G09G5/02 , G09G5/06 , H04N1/52 , G09G3/2051 , G09G3/2059
摘要： A high color resolution image is accurately approximated with a low resolution image through a unique combination of ordered dithering and error diffusion. The true color of each pixel is modified with error from previously rendered pixels and then dithered to an intermediate color of 15 bits. The intermediate color is then mapped to the nearest displayable color in a displayable color palette using a precomputed look-up table. Any error between a displayed color of a pixel and its true color is calculated and spread among neighboring pixels not yet rendered.
摘要翻译：通过有序抖动和误差扩散的独特组合，高分辨率图像通过低分辨率图像精确近似。每个像素的真实颜色由先前渲染的像素的错误修改，然后抖动到15位的中间色。然后使用预先计算的查找表将中间颜色映射到可显示调色板中最接近的可显示颜色。计算像素的显示颜色与其真实颜色之间的任何误差，并且在尚未呈现的相邻像素之间进行分散。

5. 发明授权

US5394518A Luminance sensitive palette 失效
公开(公告)号：US5394518A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-28
申请号：US69173
申请日：1993-05-27
申请人： Steven J. Friedman , Gillian Furse , Karen A. Hargrove , Joseph M. Joy , Nathan P. Myhrvold , Sunita Shrivastava , Gideon A. Yuval
发明人： Steven J. Friedman , Gillian Furse , Karen A. Hargrove , Joseph M. Joy , Nathan P. Myhrvold , Sunita Shrivastava , Gideon A. Yuval
IPC分类号： G06T11/00 , G06F15/62
CPC分类号： G06T11/001
摘要： A custom palette comprises colors on a plurality of luminance levels consisting of colors of uniform luminance. The spacing in luminance between levels varies in relation to the luminance, the spacing between levels being closer at low luminance and increasing at greater luminance. The palette preferably includes a gray color from each luminance level, highly saturated colors at the vertices of every alternate level, and a selection of lower saturation colors encircling the gray color on each level. The selection of lower saturation colors preferably includes a higher concentration of flesh and sky colors.

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