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    • 4. 发明授权
    • Hydroxymethyl furfural oxidation methods
    • 羟甲基糠醛氧化法
    • US07700788B2
    • 2010-04-20
    • US11932436
    • 2007-10-31
    • Michael A. LilgaRichard T. HallenJianli HuJames F. WhiteMichel J. Gray
    • Michael A. LilgaRichard T. HallenJianli HuJames F. WhiteMichel J. Gray
    • C07D307/44
    • C07D307/48C07D307/44
    • A method of oxidizing hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) includes providing a starting material which includes HMF in a solvent comprising water into a reactor. At least one of air and O2 is provided into the reactor. The starting material is contacted with the catalyst comprising Pt on a support material where the contacting is conducted at a reactor temperature of from about 50° C. to about 200° C. A method of producing an oxidation catalyst where ZrO2 is provided and is calcined. The ZrO2 is mixed with platinum (II) acetylacetonate to form a mixture. The mixture is subjected to rotary evaporation to form a product. The product is calcined and reduced under hydrogen to form an activated product. The activated product is passivated under a flow of 2% O2.
    • 氧化羟甲基糠醛(HMF)的方法包括在包含水的溶剂中将包含HMF的原料提供到反应器中。 将空气和O2中的至少一个提供到反应器中。 起始材料与包含Pt的催化剂在载体材料上接触,其中接触在约50℃至约200℃的反应器温度下进行。制备其中提供ZrO 2并被煅烧的氧化催化剂的方法 。 将ZrO 2与乙酰丙酮化铂(II)混合以形成混合物。 将混合物进行旋转蒸发以形成产物。 将产物在氢气下煅烧和还原以形成活化产物。 活化产物在2%O 2的流量下钝化。
    • 5. 发明授权
    • Process for producing cyclic compounds
    • 环状化合物的制备方法
    • US07674916B2
    • 2010-03-09
    • US11688022
    • 2007-03-19
    • Todd A. WerpyJohn G. Frey, Jr.James F. WhiteJohnathan E. HolladayAlan H. Zacher
    • Todd A. WerpyJohn G. Frey, Jr.James F. WhiteJohnathan E. HolladayAlan H. Zacher
    • C07D207/267C07D213/63
    • C07D207/404
    • The invention includes methods of processing an initial di-carbonyl compound by conversion to a cyclic compound. The cyclic compound is reacted with an alkylating agent to form a derivative having an alkylated ring nitrogen. The invention encompasses a method of producing an N-alkyl product. Ammonia content of a solution is adjusted to produce a ratio of ammonia to di-carboxylate compound of from about 1:1 to about 1.5:1. An alkylating agent is added and the initial compound is alkylated and cyclized. The invention includes methods of making N-methyl pyrrolidinone (NMP). Aqueous ammonia and succinate is introduced into a vessel and ammonia is adjusted to provide a ratio of ammonia to succinate of less than 2:1. A methylating agent is reacted with succinate at a temperature of from greater than 100° C. to about 400° C. to produce N-methyl succinimide which is purified and hydrogenated to form NMP.
    • 本发明包括通过转化为环状化合物来处理初始二羰基化合物的方法。 环状化合物与烷基化剂反应形成具有烷基化环氮的衍生物。 本发明包括生产N-烷基产物的方法。 调节溶液的氨含量以产生约1:1至约1.5:1的氨与二羧酸酯化合物的比例。 加入烷基化剂并将该初始化合物烷基化并环化。 本发明包括制备N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)的方法。 将氨水和琥珀酸钠引入容器中,并调节氨以提供小于2:1的氨与琥珀酸的比例。 甲基化剂与琥珀酸酯在大于100℃至约400℃的温度下反应,生成N-甲基琥珀酰亚胺,将其纯化并氢化形成NMP。
    • 6. 发明授权
    • Seed counting apparatus for a planter monitor
    • 播种机监视器种子计数装置
    • US5969340A
    • 1999-10-19
    • US907495
    • 1997-08-08
    • Rasvan N. DragneJames F. WhiteNikolai Tevs
    • Rasvan N. DragneJames F. WhiteNikolai Tevs
    • A01C7/08A01C7/10G06M1/10G06M1/272G06M11/00H01J40/14
    • A01C7/105G06M1/101G06M11/00
    • A seed counter for counting seeds flowing through a duct includes a light transmitter on one side of the duct and light receiver on the opposed side of the duct together with an electronic circuit effecting analysis of the signals received by the receiver to generate a seed count value which represents accurately as possible the number of seeds passing through the duct. The transmitter and receiver each comprise a channel-shaped body with diodes at a base of the channel with the channel filled with a translucent potting material facing into the duct. The circuit receives the signals which include for each passage of a seed or a clump of seeds a temporary reduction in light intensity which is converted to a reduction in voltage. Prior to start up the steady state voltage is measured and the current to the transmitter varied to provide a predetermined level of signal at the receiver. The circuit includes a DC compression circuit and a AC compression circuit at an amplifier so as to provide an output signal in a required amplitude range. An autobiasing section maintains a steady state signal at a required level. The amplitude of the signal is compared to a threshold by generating a first signal which is offset by the threshold and a second signal which is delayed by a predetermined time period, the comparison generating a square wave output when one of the signals crosses the other signal. The seed counter is used in a monitoring system having a central monitor which can be operated to vary the parameters of the comparison circuit including the time delay. The use of the comparison circuit assists in determining the difference between a single seed and a clump of seeds passing the transmitter/receiver simultaneously.
    • 用于计数流过管道的种子的种子计数器包括在管道的一侧上的光发射器和在管道的相对侧上的光接收器以及电子电路,其实现由接收器接收的信号的分析以产生种子计数值 其尽可能准确地代表穿过管道的种子的数量。 发射器和接收器各自包括在通道的基部处具有二极管的通道形体,其中通道填充有面向管道的半透明灌封材料。 该电路接收包括种子或种子簇的每次通过的信号,其中光强度的临时降低被转换为电压的降低。 在启动之前,测量稳态电压并且到发射机的电流变化以在接收器处提供预定水平的信号。 该电路在放大器中包括DC压缩电路和AC压缩电路,以便提供所需幅度范围内的输出信号。 自动偏置部分将稳态信号保持在所需的水平。 通过产生被阈值偏移的第一信号和延迟预定时间段的第二信号将信号的幅度与阈值进行比较,该比较当其中一个信号与另一信号相交时产生方波输出 。 种子计数器用于具有中央监视器的监视系统,其可以被操作以改变包括时间延迟的比较电路的参数。 比较电路的使用有助于确定单个种子和同时通过发射机/接收机的种子团簇之间的差异。
    • 7. 发明授权
    • Electrically blowable fuse structure manufacturing for organic insulators
    • 有机绝缘子可电熔熔丝结构制造
    • US5469981A
    • 1995-11-28
    • US323196
    • 1994-10-14
    • Kris V. SrikrishnanJames F. WhiteJer-Ming Yang
    • Kris V. SrikrishnanJames F. WhiteJer-Ming Yang
    • H01L23/525H01L23/538H05K1/02H01B13/00
    • H01L23/5256H01L23/5382H01L2924/0002H05K1/0263
    • An electrically blowable fuse structure usable with organic insulators in microelectronic parts is provided. The fuse structure is made of a first heat resistant member, a fusing element and a second heat resistant member. The heat resistant members are in substantial contact with the fuse and thermally insulate the fuse from the organic insulator. The ends of each fuse are electrically connected to a pair conductors.A process for fabricating an electrically blowable fuse structure usable with an organic insulator is provided. A substrate with an organic insulator coating and containing electrically conductive features with exposed contacts is provided. A heat shield layer and a fuse layer are deposited sequentially and patterned by subtractive etching. Plurality of conductors are formed over so as to electrically connect each fuse element to a pair of conductors. A second heat resistant member is formed over the fuse area and the substrate is subsequently quoted with an organic insulator.
    • 提供了可用于微电子部件中的有机绝缘体的可电熔熔融结构。 熔丝结构由第一耐热构件,定影元件和第二耐热构件制成。 耐热构件与保险丝基本接触,并将保险丝与有机绝缘体热绝缘。 每个保险丝的端部电连接到一对导体。 提供了一种用于制造可用于有机绝缘体的电可熔融熔丝结构的工艺。 提供了具有有机绝缘体涂层并且包含具有暴露触点的导电特征的衬底。 依次沉积热屏蔽层和熔丝层,并通过减去蚀刻图案化。 形成多个导体以便将每个熔丝元件电连接到一对导体。 在保险丝区域上形成第二耐热构件,随后用有机绝缘体引用衬底。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • Process for producing cyclic compounds
    • 环状化合物的制备方法
    • US08501963B2
    • 2013-08-06
    • US13175601
    • 2011-07-01
    • Todd A. WerpyJohn G. Frye, Jr.James F. WhiteJohnathan E. HolladayAlan H. Zacher
    • Todd A. WerpyJohn G. Frye, Jr.James F. WhiteJohnathan E. HolladayAlan H. Zacher
    • C07D207/267
    • C07D207/404
    • The invention includes methods of processing an initial di-carbonyl compound by conversion to a cyclic compound. The cyclic compound is reacted with an alkylating agent to form a derivative having an alkylated ring nitrogen. The invention encompasses a method of producing an N-alkyl product. Ammonia content of a solution is adjusted to produce a ratio of ammonia to di-carboxylate compound of from about 1:1 to about 1.5:1. An alkylating agent is added and the initial compound is alkylated and cyclized. The invention includes methods of making N-methyl pyrrolidinone (NMP). Aqueous ammonia and succinate is introduced into a vessel and ammonia is adjusted to provide a ratio of ammonia to succinate of less than 2:1. A methylating agent is reacted with succinate at a temperature of from greater than 100° C. to about 400° C. to produce N-methyl succinimide which is purified and hydrogenated to form NMP.
    • 本发明包括通过转化为环状化合物来处理初始二羰基化合物的方法。 环状化合物与烷基化剂反应形成具有烷基化环氮的衍生物。 本发明包括生产N-烷基产物的方法。 调节溶液的氨含量以产生约1:1至约1.5:1的氨与二羧酸酯化合物的比例。 加入烷基化剂并将该初始化合物烷基化并环化。 本发明包括制备N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)的方法。 将氨水和琥珀酸钠引入容器中,并调节氨以提供小于2:1的氨与琥珀酸的比例。 甲基化剂与琥珀酸酯在大于100℃至约400℃的温度下反应,生成N-甲基琥珀酰亚胺,将其纯化并氢化形成NMP。