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1. 发明授权

US4780582A Use of a fusion material of copper and chrome as the contact material for vacuum contactors 失效
标题翻译：使用铜和铬的熔融材料作为真空接触器的接触材料
公开(公告)号：US4780582A
公开(公告)日：1988-10-25
申请号：US13224
申请日：1987-02-05
申请人： Heinrich Haessler , Reiner Mueller , Horst Kippenberg , Wilfried Kuhl , Joachim Grosse
发明人： Heinrich Haessler , Reiner Mueller , Horst Kippenberg , Wilfried Kuhl , Joachim Grosse
IPC分类号： H01H33/66 , C22C1/02 , H01H1/02
CPC分类号： C22C1/02 , H01H1/0206
摘要： This invention relates to a new use of a fused material of copper and chrome as a contact material for use in vacuum contactors. In addition, the invention relates also to the contact material itself and to the method of its fabrication, as well as for special contact arrangements in the vacuum contactors.The invention shows a whole new, unsuspected range of application for the above fused materials. Up to now, contactors normally used material based on tungsten and copper which were first sintered and then immersed. It has now been experimentally shown that fused materials of copper and chrome, particularly after being reshaped, are very well suited as a contact material for vacuum contactors. Furthermore, in contact pieces of said fused material, methods are provided for additional additives to be precisely inserted by localized alloying, diffusion, or related techniques.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及铜和铬的熔融材料作为用于真空接触器的接触材料的新用途。此外，本发明还涉及接触材料本身及其制造方法，以及真空接触器中的特殊接触装置。本发明显示了上述熔融材料的全新，不可预见的应用范围。到目前为止，接触器通常使用基于钨和铜的材料，其首先被烧结然后浸入。现在已经实验表明，铜和铬的熔融材料，特别是在重新成型之后，非常适合作为真空接触器的接触材料。此外，在所述熔融材料的接触片中，为通过局部合金化，扩散或相关技术精确地插入附加添加剂提供了方法。

2. 发明授权

US4935588A Contact arrangement for vacuum switches with axial magnetic fields 失效
标题翻译：具有轴向磁场的真空开关的接触装置
公开(公告)号：US4935588A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-19
申请号：US273857
申请日：1988-09-23
申请人： Ruediger Hess , Horst Kippenberg , Wilfried Kuhl , Wolfgang Schlenk , Ernst-Ludwig Hoene , Reiner Mueller
发明人： Ruediger Hess , Horst Kippenberg , Wilfried Kuhl , Wolfgang Schlenk , Ernst-Ludwig Hoene , Reiner Mueller
IPC分类号： H01H33/66 , H01H1/02 , H01H33/664
CPC分类号： H01H33/6642 , H01H1/0206
摘要： Contact pieces for vacuum switches with axial magnetic field are designed e.g. as cup contacts with slotting in the same direction which support a diskshaped contact body and have means for the suppression of eddy currents. According to the invention, the contact bodies (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) have, at least on their backside, radial areas (15, 25, 35, 45, 55) of markedly lower electrical conductivity than the base material. Such radial areas may be, grooves (15 to 18) on the backside (12) of the contact body (10), diffusion zones (25, 35) of additives reducing the electrical conductivity of the base material, or combinations of the two. If the contact bodies (40,50) are made by powder metallurgical methods, it is also possible to provide the radial areas during production as fillings (45) or as molded parts (55) of a material of lower electrical conductivity than that of the base material.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE87 / 00124 Sec。 371日期：1988年9月23日 102（e）1988年9月23日PCT PCT 1987年3月20日PCT公布。出版物WO87 / 06052 1987年10月8日发布。用于具有轴向磁场的真空开关的接触件被设计为例如。因为杯子以相同的方向与开槽相接触，其支撑盘形接触体并具有用于抑制涡流的装置。根据本发明，接触体（10,20,30,40,50）至少在其背面具有比基底材料明显更低导电性的径向区域（15,25,35,45,55）。这种径向区域可以是接触体（10）的背面（12）上的凹槽（15至18），减少基材的导电性的添加剂的扩散区（25,35）或两者的组合。如果接触体（40,50）通过粉末冶金方法制造，则也可以在生产期间提供作为填充物（45）的径向区域或作为比导电体（45,50）的导电性低的材料的模制部件（55）基材。

3. 发明授权

US4906291A Method for manufacturing melt materials of copper, chromium, and at least one readily evaporable component using a fusible electrode 失效
标题翻译：使用易熔电极制造铜，铬和至少一种容易蒸发的组分的熔融材料的方法
公开(公告)号：US4906291A
公开(公告)日：1990-03-06
申请号：US264327
申请日：1988-10-28
申请人： Thomas Moser , Joachim Grosse , Horst Kippenberg , Ruediger Hess , Reiner Mueller , Norbert Proelss
发明人： Thomas Moser , Joachim Grosse , Horst Kippenberg , Ruediger Hess , Reiner Mueller , Norbert Proelss
IPC分类号： C22B9/20 , C22C1/02 , H01H1/02
CPC分类号： C22C1/02 , H01H1/0206
摘要： A method for manufacturing melt materials of copper, chromium, and at least one readily evaporable component as well as a fusible electrode for using this method is disclosed.More specifically, an arc melting method is used for the manufacture of melt materials based on copper and chromium in which the electrode material melting off a fusible electrode of given resultant composition is collected in a water-cooled permanent mold for the purpose of cooling down without macroscopic separation of copper and chromium.A fusible electrode for use in this method is also provided. This fusible electrode partially consists of a solid alloy of copper with the readily evaporable component.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于制造铜，铬和至少一种容易蒸发的组分的熔融材料的方法以及用于该方法的可熔电极。更具体地说，电弧熔化方法用于制造基于铜和铬的熔融材料，其中将给定所得组合物的可熔电极熔化的电极材料收集在水冷永久模具中，以便冷却而没有铜和铬的宏观分离。还提供了用于该方法的可熔电极。该可熔电极部分由铜与易挥发成分的固体合金组成。

4. 发明授权

US4503010A Process of producing a compound material of chromium and copper 失效
标题翻译：生产铬和铜复合材料的方法
公开(公告)号：US4503010A
公开(公告)日：1985-03-05
申请号：US513479
申请日：1983-07-13
申请人： Horst Kippenberg , Heinrich Haessler , Manfred Huehnlein
发明人： Horst Kippenberg , Heinrich Haessler , Manfred Huehnlein
IPC分类号： B22F3/26 , H01H1/02 , B22F3/00
CPC分类号： B22F3/26 , H01H1/0206
摘要： In the method according to the invention, Cr powder is poured into a degased mold, which can be made of graphite. On this Cr powder a piece of low-oxygen copper is placed. Subsequently, the mold is closed with a porous cover, which can also be made of graphite. Then the mold is degased in a high-vacuum furnace at room temperature until a pressure of better than 10.sup.-4 mb is reached. Thereafter, the furnace temperature is increased to as high as possible a temperature below the melting point of copper. This furnace temperature is maintained constant until an internal pressure in the furnace of better than 10.sup.-4 mb is reached. Subsequently, without intermediate cooling, the furnace temperature is further increased slowly to a final value of 100 degrees K. to 200 degrees K. above the melting temperature of the copper. This temperature is then maintained until the porosity contained in the Cr powder is completely filled up by the liquid copper.
摘要翻译：在根据本发明的方法中，将Cr粉末倒入可由石墨制成的脱模模具中。在该Cr粉末上放置一片低氧铜。随后，模具用多孔盖封闭，多孔盖也可由石墨制成。然后将模具在高真空炉中在室温下脱气，直到达到优于10-4mb的压力。此后，将炉温提高到低于铜熔点的温度。炉内的温度保持恒定，直到炉内的压力达到10-4mb以上为止。随后，在没有中间冷却的情况下，将炉温度进一步缓慢升高到高于铜的熔融温度的100度K至200度K. 然后保持该温度，直到包含在Cr粉末中的孔隙被液体铜完全填满。

5. 发明授权

US5330702A Process for producing CuCr contact pieces for vacuum switches as well as an appropriate contact piece 失效
标题翻译：用于真空开关的CuCr接触片的制造方法以及适当的接触片
公开(公告)号：US5330702A
公开(公告)日：1994-07-19
申请号：US777408
申请日：1991-12-02
申请人： Horst Kippenberg , Franz Hauner
发明人： Horst Kippenberg , Franz Hauner
IPC分类号： B22F3/14 , B22F3/11 , B22F3/15 , B22F5/00 , B22F5/10 , B22F5/12 , C22C1/04 , H01H1/02 , H01H11/04 , H01H33/66 , B22F3/24
CPC分类号： H01H11/048 , B22F3/15 , C22C1/0425 , H01H1/0203 , H01H1/0206
摘要： Purely powder-metallurgical processes or sinter-impregnation processes are often used to manufacture CuCr contact materials. Here the aim is to obtain the lowest possible residual porosity, which should be
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE89 / 00343 Sec。 371 1991年12月2日第 102（e）日期1991年12月2日PCT提交1989年5月31日PCT公布。公开号WO90 / 15424 1990年12月13日。纯粉末冶金工艺或烧结浸渍工艺通常用于制造CuCr接触材料。这里的目的是获得最小可能的残余孔隙率，其应该<1％。根据本发明，组分的粉末模塑分两个阶段致密化; 第一阶段是将烧结体致密化为闭孔的烧结过程，第二阶段是热等静压压制操作（HIP），其中将未加工的工件取为最终密度达到空间占用至少99％。因此，获得制造高级材料的经济方法。可以在烧结体和固体基底之间产生多层接触或自粘合，例如。铜接触螺栓。

6. 发明授权

US4067379A Method for the manufacture of multilayered contacts for medium-voltage vacuum power circuit breakers 失效
标题翻译：用于制造中压真空断路器的多层触点的方法
公开(公告)号：US4067379A
公开(公告)日：1978-01-10
申请号：US713597
申请日：1976-08-11
申请人： Heinrich Hassler , Horst Kippenberg
发明人： Heinrich Hassler , Horst Kippenberg
IPC分类号： H01H11/04 , B22F3/26 , H01B1/02 , H01H1/02 , H01H1/04 , H01H33/66 , H01R9/00 , B22D19/00
CPC分类号： B22F3/26 , H01H1/0203 , Y10T29/49204 , Y10T428/12097
摘要： A method for producing multilayered contacts for medium-voltage vacuum power circuit breakers is provided comprising impregnating under vacuum with oxygen-free, liquid copper, a composite body of metal powders consisting of at least 35% by volume of a metal selected from the group consisting of chromium and vanadium and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of chromium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel and iron, in a crucible comprised of a metal selected from the group consisting of iron, steel, and chromium-nickel steel; and removing at least part of the crucible to expose a contact surface.
摘要翻译：提供一种生产用于中压真空电力断路器的多层接触件的方法，包括在无真空下浸渍无氧液体铜，金属粉末的复合体由至少35体积％的金属组成，所述金属选自的铬和钒，以及选自铬，钒，钴，镍和铁中的至少一种金属，在由选自铁，钢和铬 - 镍钢的金属组成的坩埚中; 以及去除所述坩埚的至少一部分以露出接触表面。

7. 发明授权

US4032301A Composite metal as a contact material for vacuum switches 失效
标题翻译：复合金属作为真空开关的接触材料
公开(公告)号：US4032301A
公开(公告)日：1977-06-28
申请号：US683690
申请日：1976-05-06
申请人： Heinrich Hassler , Horst Kippenberg , Horst Schreiner
发明人： Heinrich Hassler , Horst Kippenberg , Horst Schreiner
IPC分类号： B22F3/16 , C22C1/04 , H01H1/02 , H01H33/66 , B22F3/00
CPC分类号： C22C1/0425 , B22F3/16 , C22C1/04 , H01H1/0203 , H01H33/6683 , Y10S428/929 , Y10T428/1216
摘要： A contact material for vacuum switches comprising a composite inclusion metal of at least two metal components in which a first component has an electric conductivity of at least 10 m/ohm mm.sup.2, the share of this component being between 35 and 60% by volume. At least one component has a melting point of at least 1400.degree. C and at least one component is effective as a getter. These components are embedded in the first component, with only isolated bridges existing between the finely distributed inclusions. The porosity of the composite inclusion metal is less than 2% by volume.

8. 发明授权

US4014659A Impregnated compound metal as contact material for vacuum switches and method for its manufacture 失效
标题翻译：浸渍复合金属作为真空开关的接触材料及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：US4014659A
公开(公告)日：1977-03-29
申请号：US519678
申请日：1974-10-31
申请人： Heinrich Hassler , Horst Kippenberg
发明人： Heinrich Hassler , Horst Kippenberg
IPC分类号： B22F3/26 , C22C1/00 , C22C1/04 , C22C27/04 , C22C27/06 , C22C38/00 , H01H1/02 , H01H11/04 , H01H33/66 , B22F3/00 , B22F1/04 , C22C33/02
CPC分类号： B22F3/26 , H01H1/0203 , Y10T428/1216
摘要： An impregnated compound metal is provided comprising a metal matrix comprising a metallic main constituent having a melting point above 1400.degree. C and a metallic embrittlement additive impregnated with an impregnating metal or metal alloy, brittle intermetallic phases or mixed crystals forming between the main constituent and the embrittlement additive at sintering temperatures above 1200.degree. C. The percentage of embrittlement additive relative to the main constituent is 0.5 to 10 percent by weight. The melting points of all constituents are above 2000.degree. C.
摘要翻译：提供一种浸渍的复合金属，其包括金属基体，其包含熔点高于1400℃的金属主要成分和浸渍有浸渍金属或金属合金的金属脆性添加剂，脆性金属间相或在主要成分和在1200℃以上的烧结温度下的脆化添加剂。脆化添加剂相对于主要成分的百分比为0.5〜10重量％。所有成分的熔点高于2000℃

9. 发明授权

US5241745A Process for producing a CUCB contact material for vacuum contactors 失效
标题翻译：用于生产用于真空接触器的CUCB接触材料的方法
公开(公告)号：US5241745A
公开(公告)日：1993-09-07
申请号：US777411
申请日：1991-12-02
申请人： Horst Kippenberg
发明人： Horst Kippenberg
IPC分类号： B22F3/14 , B22F3/11 , B22F3/15 , B22F5/00 , B22F5/12 , C22C1/04 , H01H1/02 , H01H11/04 , H01H33/66
CPC分类号： C22C1/0425 , B22F3/15 , H01H1/0206 , H01H11/048 , Y10T29/49204 , Y10T29/49206
摘要： To produce CuCr contact materials, it is known to use purely powder-metallurgical, sinter impregnation and smelt-metallurgical processes. Only materials produced by smelt-metallurgical processes are suitable as contact materials for vacuum contactors based on copper-chromium. According to the invention, a contact material for vacuum contactors consisting essentially of copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) in the proportion of 50 to 70% wt. Cu and 30 to 50% wt. Cr is manufactured by pressing and sintering a powdered mixture of the components until a closed porosity is attained and by subsequently cold working the sintered body. It has been possible to demonstrate that an intimate and faultless bonding of the components Cu and Cr is obtained by cold welding the structural constituents with this process as with smelting.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE89 / 00344 Sec。 371 1991年12月2日第 102（e）日期1991年12月2日PCT提交1989年5月31日PCT公布。出版物WO90 / 15425 1990年12月13日。为了生产CuCr接触材料，已知使用纯粉末冶金，烧结浸渍和熔炼冶金工艺。只有通过冶炼冶金工艺生产的材料才适合作为基于铜 - 铬的真空接触器的接触材料。根据本发明，用于真空接触器的接触材料，其基本上由铜（Cu）和铬（Cr）组成，其比例为50至70重量％。 Cu和30〜50重量％。 Cr通过压制和烧结组分的粉末混合物直到达到闭孔和通过随后冷加工烧结体来制造。已经有可能证明，通过用冶炼方法将结构组分冷熔焊接，可获得组分Cu和Cr的紧密且无缺陷的结合。

10. 发明授权

US5315081A Vacuum switching tube for low-voltage and medium-voltage switches, particularly for vacuum contactors 失效
标题翻译：用于低压和中压开关的真空开关管，特别适用于真空接触器
公开(公告)号：US5315081A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-24
申请号：US41303
申请日：1993-03-31
申请人： Werner Hartmann , Horst Kippenberg
发明人： Werner Hartmann , Horst Kippenberg
IPC分类号： H01H33/66 , H01H33/662
CPC分类号： H01H33/66207 , H01H2033/66223 , H01H33/66261
摘要： A vacuum switching tube contains a switching chamber and a first contact piece fixed in place in it, as well as a movable current conducting rod with a second contact piece and a ring-shaped insulator. According to the present invention, the ring-shaped insulator has at least one end surface on the vacuum side, which is at least partially free of metallization, and which faces away from the metal vapor formed during switching and is therefore protected against condensation. It is advantageous if a gap with a pre-determined length and height is formed by the end surface of the insulator and by at least one adjacent metallic flange.
摘要翻译：真空开关管包括切换室和固定在其中的第一接触片，以及具有第二接触片和环形绝缘体的可移动导电杆。根据本发明，环形绝缘体在真空侧具有至少一个端面，其至少部分没有金属化，并且在切换期间背离形成的金属蒸气，因此防止冷凝。具有预定长度和高度的间隙由绝缘体的端面和至少一个相邻的金属凸缘形成是有利的。

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