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1. 发明授权

US4617665A Dye laser 失效
标题翻译：染色激光
公开(公告)号：US4617665A
公开(公告)日：1986-10-14
申请号：US618715
申请日：1984-06-08
申请人： Gerard Mourou , Theodore B. Norris , Theodore Sizer, II
发明人： Gerard Mourou , Theodore B. Norris , Theodore Sizer, II
IPC分类号： H01S3/083 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/098
CPC分类号： H01S3/1115 , H01S3/083 , H01S3/094026 , H01S3/0813 , H01S3/094034 , H01S3/1109
摘要： A dye laser system wherein the dye medium is pumped by frequency doubled mode locked laser pulses from a Nd:YAG laser and also mode locked by colliding pulses in an anti-resonant ring having a saturable absorber.
摘要翻译：一种染料激光系统，其中染料介质通过Nd：YAG激光器的倍频模式锁定激光脉冲泵浦，并且还通过在具有可饱和吸收体的反谐振环中的脉冲冲突来锁定模式。

2. 发明授权

US4517675A Dye laser medium for subpicosecond laser pulse generation 失效
标题翻译：用于亚皮秒激光脉冲发生的染料激光介质
公开(公告)号：US4517675A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-14
申请号：US332647
申请日：1981-12-21
申请人： Gerard Mourou , Theodore Sizer, II
发明人： Gerard Mourou , Theodore Sizer, II
IPC分类号： H01S3/213 , H01S3/20
CPC分类号： H01S3/213
摘要： Subpicosecond pulses less than 70 femtoseconds in duration are obtained with a synchronously pumped dye laser using a mixture of laser dye and a fast recovery saturable absorber which passes in a jet between folding mirrors in a laser cavity. The ratio of absorber to dye in the mixture is selected to compensate for dispersion effects in the laser medium which tend to limit the spectrum of the laser pulses and increase their duration.
摘要翻译：通过使用激光染料和快速恢复饱和吸收剂的混合物的同步泵浦染料激光器获得持续时间小于70飞秒的亚皮秒脉冲，其在激光腔中的折叠反射镜之间的射流中通过。选择混合物中吸收剂与染料的比例以补偿激光介质中的色散效应，这倾向于限制激光脉冲的光谱并增加它们的持续时间。

3. 发明授权

US4301362A Light activated solid state switch 失效
标题翻译：光激活固态开关
公开(公告)号：US4301362A
公开(公告)日：1981-11-17
申请号：US96711
申请日：1979-11-21
申请人： Gerard Mourou
发明人： Gerard Mourou
IPC分类号： H01J40/02 , H01J40/14
CPC分类号： H01J40/02
摘要： A semiconductor body, having deep lying charge carrier trapping centers, as by being doped with a deep-lying impurity to a concentration such that, at cryogenic temperature, the body is capable of holding off a multi-kilovolt DC bias without thermal instability and of switching the bias with picosecond accuracy to generate pulses of selected durations beyond the subnanosecond range when activated by optical pulses, as from a laser, which are incident thereon.
摘要翻译：具有深位电荷载流子捕获中心的半导体体，通过掺杂深层杂质至浓度使得在低温下，该体能够抑制多千伏直流偏压而不发生热不稳定，以皮秒精度切换偏置，以在从入射到其上的激光器通过光脉冲激活时产生超出亚纳秒范围的选定持续时间的脉冲。

4. 发明授权

US4431914A Photoelectron switching in semiconductors in the picosecond time domain 失效
标题翻译：皮秒时域的半导体光电子切换
公开(公告)号：US4431914A
公开(公告)日：1984-02-14
申请号：US296721
申请日：1981-08-27
申请人： Gerard Mourou , Steven L. Williamson
发明人： Gerard Mourou , Steven L. Williamson
IPC分类号： H01J31/26 , H03K17/78 , H01J40/14 , H01J31/50
CPC分类号： H01J31/26 , H03K17/78
摘要： Picosecond switching of electric current in response to optical signals is obtained by conversion of the optical signal, such as an optical pulse, into a photoelectron burst (a photoelectronic signal) which is a faithful temporal replica of the optical signal. Electron optics increase the energy of the electrons of the photoelectronic signal which is imaged so as to illuminate essentially the entire gap formed between electrodes on a body of semiconductor material. The photoelectrons are absorbed in the semiconductor material to create throughout the gap a degenerate layer. The gap geometry and the image formed by the optical signal on a photocathode, which provides the photoelectronic signal, are such that space charge effects do not distort the photoelectronic signal and a temporal replica of the optical signal illuminates the entire gap. The gap geometry affords broad bandwidth operation. Due to the gain in the system, the high photoelectron energy obtainable after electron acceleration permits the use of large band gap semiconductor materials which have high dielectric strength and are not prone to thermal breakdown effects. By deflecting the photoelectrons across a plurality of side-by-side gaps on the semiconductor, extremely high speed demultiplexing of extremely high frequency optical signals (in picosecond samples) can be obtained.
摘要翻译：通过将光信号（例如光脉冲）转换成光信号的光电子脉冲（光电子信号）获得响应于光信号的电流的皮秒转换，这是光信号的忠实时间复制品。电子光学器件增加被成像的光电子信号的电子的能量，以基本上照射形成在半导体材料体上的电极之间的整个间隙。光电子被吸收在半导体材料中以在整个间隙中形成退化层。由提供光电子信号的光电阴极上的光学信号形成的间隙几何形状和图像使得空间电荷效应不会使光电子信号失真，并且光信号的时间副本照亮整个间隙。间隙几何提供宽带宽操作。由于系统的增益，电子加速后可获得的高光电子能量允许使用具有高介电强度并且不易发生热击穿效应的大带隙半导体材料。通过偏转半导体上的多个并排间隙的光电子，可以获得超高频光信号（皮秒样本）的极高速解复用。

5. 发明授权

US4425652A Laser system using organic dye amplifier 失效
标题翻译：激光系统采用有机染料放大器
公开(公告)号：US4425652A
公开(公告)日：1984-01-10
申请号：US162842
申请日：1980-06-25
申请人： Gerard Mourou
发明人： Gerard Mourou
IPC分类号： H01S3/094 , H01S3/23 , H01S3/09
CPC分类号： H01S3/2358 , H01S3/094034 , H01S3/2308
摘要： A laser system generates high energy ultra-short pulses using a dye cell amplifier driven by ultra-short pulses from a dye laser and pumped by pump pulses from a laser amplifier. The laser amplifier and dye laser are synchronously driven and pumped by the same laser such that the signal pulse from the dye laser arrives at the dye cell amplifier immediately upon the completion of population inversion therein in response to the pump pulse. Efficient high-power, ultra-short laser pulses are obtained from the dye amplifier, since amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is avoided. Doubler crystals are used to provide the pump pulses to the dye laser from the common driver laser and to provide pump pulses from the laser amplifier to the dye cell amplifier at the proper wave length for the materials used therein. This system is tunable by selecting appropriate dyes for the dye laser and dye cell amplifier and/or tuning elements within the dye laser cavity.
摘要翻译：激光系统使用由染料激光器的超短脉冲驱动并由来自激光放大器的泵浦脉冲泵浦的染料单元放大器产生高能超短脉冲。激光放大器和染料激光器由相同的激光器同步驱动和泵浦，使得来自染料激光器的信号脉冲在响应于泵浦脉冲完成其总体反转之后立即到达染料单元放大器。从染料放大器获得高效的大功率超短激光脉冲，因为避免了放大的自发发射（ASE）。双峰晶体用于从普通驱动激光器向染料激光器提供泵浦脉冲，并为其中使用的材料以适当的波长提供从激光放大器到染料单元放大器的泵浦脉冲。该系统可以通过为染料激光器和染料单元放大器和/或染料激光器腔内的调谐元件选择合适的染料来调节。

6. 发明授权

US4347437A Light activated switching by the avalanche effect in semiconductors 失效
标题翻译：通过半导体中的雪崩效应使光激活切换
公开(公告)号：US4347437A
公开(公告)日：1982-08-31
申请号：US160351
申请日：1980-06-17
申请人： Gerard Mourou
发明人： Gerard Mourou
IPC分类号： H01L31/02 , H01L31/09 , H01L31/107 , H03K3/57 , H03K17/94 , H01J40/14
CPC分类号： H01L31/02027 , H01L31/09 , H01L31/107 , H03K17/941 , H03K3/57
摘要： A body of semiconductor material is biased with multi-kilovolt voltage to establish an electric field approaching the dielectric breakdown field for the semiconductor material. Low level optical energy, such as a laser pulse in the nano-joule range produces free carriers in the semiconductor which multiply in the presence of the electric field to produce avalanche conduction through the semiconductor body thereby switching the multi-kilovolt voltage in precise timed (picosecond) relationship with the application of the optical energy and with high switching or turn on sensitivity.
摘要翻译：半导体材料体以多千伏电压偏置，以建立接近半导体材料的电介质击穿场的电场。诸如纳米焦耳区域中的激光脉冲的低水平光能量在半导体中产生自由载流子，其在电场存在的情况下乘以通过半导体本体产生雪崩传导，从而以精确的定时（多）皮秒）与光能的应用关系，并具有高开关或开启灵敏度。

7. 发明授权

US4329686A Methods and apparatus for generating microwave pulses and for the measurement and control thereof 失效
标题翻译：用于产生微波脉冲并用于其测量和控制的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4329686A
公开(公告)日：1982-05-11
申请号：US160691
申请日：1980-06-18
申请人： Gerard Mourou
发明人： Gerard Mourou
IPC分类号： G01S7/282 , G01S13/86
CPC分类号： G01S7/282
摘要： Picosecond duration microwave pulses are generated used a laser activated semiconductor switch. High voltages are switched with picosecond rise time and result in the establishment of microwave pulses of frequency spectrum commensurate with the rise time of the voltage and wave guide parameters of a wave guide in which the switch is disposed. The activating light pulse is synchronous with the microwave pulse. A system, including an antenna and radar receiver, is responsive to the light pulse and return signals from a target on which the microwave pulse is incident. Reflection measurements of the microwave pulses from a body of semiconductor material which is optically excited by the light pulses relatively delayed between the generation of successive microwave pulses, indicate the duration of the microwave pulses.
摘要翻译：使用激光激活半导体开关产生皮秒持续时间微波脉冲。高电压以皮秒上升时间切换，导致建立与设置开关的波导的电压和波导参数的上升时间相当的频谱的微波脉冲。激活光脉冲与微波脉冲同步。包括天线和雷达接收器的系统响应光脉冲并从微波脉冲入射的目标返回信号。来自半导体材料体的微波脉冲的反射测量，其由在产生连续的微波脉冲之间相对延迟的光脉冲光学激发，表示微波脉冲的持续时间。

8. 发明授权

US5726855A Apparatus and method for enabling the creation of multiple extended conduction paths in the atmosphere 失效
标题翻译：能够在大气中产生多个延长传导路径的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5726855A
公开(公告)日：1998-03-10
申请号：US515761
申请日：1995-08-15
申请人： Gerard Mourou , Alan Braun , Jean-Claude Diels , Marcel Bouvier , Xin Miao Zhao
发明人： Gerard Mourou , Alan Braun , Jean-Claude Diels , Marcel Bouvier , Xin Miao Zhao
IPC分类号： H01H3/22 , H02G13/00
CPC分类号： H02G13/00 , H02G13/20
摘要： An apparatus and method for enabling the creation of multiple extended conduction paths in the atmosphere including a chirped-pulse amplification laser system having a high peak-power laser capable of transmitting through the atmosphere a high-peak power ultrashort laser pulse. The laser pulse is configured to have a rough spacial profile and is of sufficient energy to create multiple electrically conductive ionized channels in the atmosphere.
摘要翻译：一种能够在大气中产生多个延长的传导路径的装置和方法，包括具有高峰值功率激光器的啁啾脉冲放大激光系统，其能够通过大气传输高峰值功率超短激光脉冲。激光脉冲被配置为具有粗略的空间轮廓并且具有足够的能量以在大气中产生多个导电电离通道。

9. 发明授权

US5353291A Laser synchrotron source (LSS) 失效
标题翻译：激光同步加速器源（LSS）
公开(公告)号：US5353291A
公开(公告)日：1994-10-04
申请号：US20158
申请日：1993-02-19
申请人： Phillip A. Sprangle , Antonio Ting , Eric H. Esarey , Amnon Fisher , Gerard Mourou , Ravindra Sudan
发明人： Phillip A. Sprangle , Antonio Ting , Eric H. Esarey , Amnon Fisher , Gerard Mourou , Ravindra Sudan
IPC分类号： H01S4/00 , H05G2/00 , H05H11/02 , H01S3/30
CPC分类号： H01S4/00 , H05G2/00 , H05H11/02
摘要： The laser synchrotron source (LSS) utilizes a high peak power or high average power laser to generate within a vacuum chamber a laser beam travelling in one direction to interact with an electron beam traveling in an opposite direction in order to generate high-power x-rays. A ring resonator formed by a plurality of mirrors directs the laser beam in a closed loop to impact with the electron beam to produce x-rays. Concave mirrors in the ring resonator focus the laser beam upon the point where the laser beam interacts with the electron beam to intensify the laser energy at that point. When a radio frequency linear accelerator (rf linac) is used to produce the electron beam, x-rays having a short pulse length are generated. When a betatron is used as an electron source, x-rays having a long pulse length are generated.
摘要翻译：激光同步加速器源（LSS）利用高峰值功率或高平均功率激光器在真空室内产生沿一个方向传播的激光束，以与沿相反方向传播的电子束相互作用，以产生大功率x射线射线由多个反射镜形成的环形谐振器将激光束导向闭环以与电子束冲击以产生x射线。环形谐振腔中的凹面镜将激光束聚焦在激光束与电子束相互作用的点上，以加强激光能量。当使用射频线性加速器（rf线性加速器）产生电子束时，产生具有短脉冲长度的x射线。当使用betatron作为电子源时，产生具有长脉冲长度的x射线。

10. 发明授权

US4218618A Apparatus for switching high voltage pulses with picosecond accuracy 失效
标题翻译：用于以皮秒精度切换高电压脉冲的装置
公开(公告)号：US4218618A
公开(公告)日：1980-08-19
申请号：US13642
申请日：1979-02-21
申请人： Gerard Mourou
发明人： Gerard Mourou
IPC分类号： G02F1/03 , H01L31/02 , H01L31/0248 , H01L31/08 , H01L31/09 , H03K3/36 , H03K3/42 , H03K3/57 , H03K17/78 , H01J40/14
CPC分类号： G02F1/0327 , H01L31/08 , H01L31/09 , H03K17/78 , H03K3/42 , H03K3/57
摘要： Switching of high voltage pulses (of the order of 10 kV) of durations from about 10.mu.s (microseconds) to 10ms (milliseconds) with picosecond accuracy is accomplished by a laser activated semiconductor switch made up of a body (18) of high resistivity semiconductor material, such as nearly intrinsic silicon, integrated into a wide band (10GHz) geometry, which is part of a transmission line (28). The high bias voltage pulses are obtained by charging the line in synchronism with the generation of the laser pulse. The high voltage bias pulse width can be typically in the range of 10.mu.s- 10ms, and the length of the body (18) is selected so as to prevent thermal breakdown of the semiconductor with such pulse widths. The energy of the laser pulse switches the high voltage to produce a multikilovolt output pulse suitable for driving devices, such as streak cameras or Pockels cells, by the same laser, which need to be synchronized with picosecond accuracy to the laser pulse. The length of the transmission line may be varied to adjust the width of the multikilovolt output pulse.
摘要翻译：通过由高电阻率的主体（18）组成的激光激活的半导体开关来实现具有皮秒精度的持续时间从10μs（微秒）到10ms（毫秒）的高电压脉冲（大约10kV）集成到作为传输线（28）的一部分的宽带（10GHz）几何形状的诸如几乎本征的硅的半导体材料。通过与产生激光脉冲同步地对线路充电来获得高偏压脉冲。高电压偏置脉冲宽度通常可以在10μs-10ms的范围内，并且选择主体（18）的长度，以便防止具有这种脉冲宽度的半导体的热击穿。激光脉冲的能量切换高电压，以产生适用于驱动器件的多千兆伏特输出脉冲，例如条纹相机或Pockels单元，需要与激光脉冲的皮秒精度同步。可以改变传输线的长度以调整多千伏特输出脉冲的宽度。

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