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    • 3. 发明授权
    • Application-level memory affinity control
    • 应用级内存亲和度控制
    • US06701421B1
    • 2004-03-02
    • US09640541
    • 2000-08-17
    • Elmootazbellah Nabil ElnozahyRamakrishnan Rajamony
    • Elmootazbellah Nabil ElnozahyRamakrishnan Rajamony
    • G06F1208
    • G06F9/5016G06F9/4401G06F12/0813
    • A method for allocating memory in a data processing system in which a configuration table indicative of the system's physical memory is generated following a boot event. The configuration table is then modified to identify a portion of the system's physical memory thereby hiding the remaining portion from the operating system. Subsequently, a memory allocation request is initiated by an application program. A device driver invoked by the application program then maps physical memory from the hidden portion to the application's virtual address space to satisfy the application request. The application program may be executing on a first node of a multi-node system in which each node is associated with its own local memory, In this embodiment, the node on which the allocated physical memory is located may be derived from the allocation request thereby facilitating application level, allocation of specified portions of physical memory.
    • 一种用于在数据处理系统中分配存储器的方法,其中在引导事件之后生成指示系统的物理存储器的配置表。 然后修改配置表以识别系统的物理存储器的一部分,从而隐藏来自操作系统的剩余部分。 随后,应用程序启动存储器分配请求。 应用程序调用的设备驱动程序然后将物理内存从隐藏部分映射到应用程序的虚拟地址空间,以满足应用程序请求。 应用程序可以在其中每个节点与其自己的本地存储器相关联的多节点系统的第一节点上执行。在该实施例中,可以从分配请求导出分配的物理存储器所在的节点 促进应用程序级别,物理内存的指定部分的分配。
    • 5. 发明授权
    • Efficient identification of candidate pages and dynamic response in a NUMA computer
    • 在NUMA计算机中有效识别候选页面和动态响应
    • US06499028B1
    • 2002-12-24
    • US09282625
    • 1999-03-31
    • Bishop Chapman BrockEli ChiproutElmootazbellah Nabil ElnozahyDavid Brian GlascoRamakrishnan RajamonyFreeman Leigh Rawson, IIIRonald Lynn Rockhold
    • Bishop Chapman BrockEli ChiproutElmootazbellah Nabil ElnozahyDavid Brian GlascoRamakrishnan RajamonyFreeman Leigh Rawson, IIIRonald Lynn Rockhold
    • G06F1700
    • G06F11/3409G06F11/3414G06F11/3471G06F11/3495G06F12/08G06F12/0813G06F2201/81G06F2201/86G06F2201/87G06F2201/88G06F2212/2542Y10S707/99934
    • A performance monitor configured to count memory transactions and to issue an interrupt to the computer system if the monitor detects a specified number of transactions associated with a particular segment of the physical address space of the system. The monitor includes an interface suitable for coupling to an interconnect network of a computer system and configured to extract physical address information from a transaction traversing the interconnect network, a translation module adapted for associating the extracted physical address with one of a plurality of memory blocks and, in response thereto, incrementing a memory block counter corresponding to the memory block, and an interrupt unit configured to assert an interrupt if the block counter exceeds a predetermined value. The interface unit is configurable to selectively monitor either incoming or outgoing transactions and the translation unit preferably includes a plurality of region filters each comprising one or more of the memory blocks. In the preferred embodiment, the plurality of block counters are implemented with a random access memory device. In one embodiment useful for simulating operation of the system and for checking the design of the performance monitor, the monitor further includes a transaction generator coupled to the interconnect network and configured to issue specified remote memory transactions at specified intervals if a monitor enable bit of the performance monitor is disabled. In one embodiment, the transaction generator is configurable to issue either outgoing transactions or incoming transactions.
    • 如果监视器检测到与系统的物理地址空间的特定段相关联的指定数量的事务,则性能监视器被配置为对存储器事务进行计数并向计算机系统发出中断。 监视器包括适于耦合到计算机系统的互连网络并被配置为从穿过互连网络的事务提取物理地址信息的接口,适于将所提取的物理地址与多个存储器块中的一个相关联的翻译模块,以及 响应于此,增加对应于存储块的存储器块计数器,以及中断单元,被配置为在块计数器超过预定值时断言中断。 接口单元可配置为选择性地监视输入或输出事务,并且转换单元优选地包括多个区域滤波器,每个区域滤波器包括一个或多个存储器块。 在优选实施例中,多个块计数器由随机存取存储器件实现。 在一个实施例中有用于模拟系统的操作和用于检查性能监视器的设计,监视器还包括耦合到互连网络并被配置为以特定间隔发布指定的远程存储器事务的事务发生器,如果监视器使能位 性能监视器被禁用。 在一个实施例中,事务生成器可配置为发出传出事务或传入事务。
    • 6. 发明授权
    • Operating system support for in-server caching of documents
    • 操作系统支持文件的服务器缓存
    • US06442654B1
    • 2002-08-27
    • US09458406
    • 1999-12-10
    • Bishop Chapman BrockEli ChiproutElmootazbellah Nabil ElnozahyRamakrishnan RajamonyFreeman Leigh Rawson, IIIRonald Lynn Rockhold
    • Bishop Chapman BrockEli ChiproutElmootazbellah Nabil ElnozahyRamakrishnan RajamonyFreeman Leigh Rawson, IIIRonald Lynn Rockhold
    • G06F1200
    • H04L67/2842
    • A system and method for providing in-server caching of shared data involves a server program that defines a server cache in RAM of a server machine and stores a selected file in the server cache. If a cached file is modified through the file system interface of the operating system of the server machine, the operating system automatically issues an upcall to the server program, the upcall identifying the modified file. In response to receipt of the upcall, the server program removes the modified file from the server cache. In one embodiment, the server program responds to a client request requiring access to a requested file by obtaining the requested file from the server cache if the server cache contains that file. Otherwise, the server program calls the operating system to obtain the requested file and then adds that file to the server cache as a cached file. The server program then generates a result based on the requested file and transmits the result to the remote data processing system.
    • 用于提供共享数据的服务器间缓存的系统和方法涉及服务器程序,该服务器程序在服务器机器的RAM中定义服务器高速缓存,并将选定的文件存储在服务器高速缓存中。 如果通过服务器机器的操作系统的文件系统界面修改缓存的文件,则操作系统会自动向服务器程序发出一个上调,标识修改后的文件。 响应于接收到上调,服务器程序从服务器缓存中删除修改的文件。 在一个实施例中,如果服务器高速缓存包含该文件,服务器程序通过从服务器高速缓存获得所请求的文件来响应需要访问所请求文件的客户端请求。 否则,服务器程序会调用操作系统来获取所请求的文件,然后将该文件作为缓存文件添加到服务器缓存中。 然后,服务器程序基于所请求的文件生成结果,并将结果发送到远程数据处理系统。
    • 7. 发明授权
    • Web server architecture for improved performance
    • Web服务器架构,提高性能
    • US07499966B2
    • 2009-03-03
    • US09935414
    • 2001-08-23
    • Elmootazbellah Nabil ElnozahyRamakrishnan Rajamony
    • Elmootazbellah Nabil ElnozahyRamakrishnan Rajamony
    • G06F15/13
    • H04L67/42H04L29/06H04L67/02H04L67/34H04L69/16H04L69/161H04L69/326H04L69/329
    • A web server that integrates portions of operating system code to execute substantially within user space to reduce context switching. The web server includes an application level interpreter, such as an HTTP interpreter, configured to process client requests. The web server typically includes a network interface dedicated to process traffic to and from the web server. The web server may include within its user space kernel device driver extensions enabling it to communicate directly with the network interface. The server may implement a polling architecture in which the server periodically monitors the interface for new requests. The web server typically includes a user space transmission protocol library that enables the server to perform its own network processing of requests and responses. The library may include TCP/IP drivers that are optimized or streamlined for to processing HTTP requests.
    • 集成了部分操作系统代码以在用户空间内实质执行以减少上下文切换的Web服务器。 Web服务器包括配置为处理客户端请求的应用程序级解释器,例如HTTP解释器。 Web服务器通常包括专用于处理到Web服务器和从web服务器的流量的网络接口。 网络服务器可以在其用户空间内包括内核设备驱动程序扩展,使其能够直接与网络接口进行通信。 服务器可以实现轮询架构,其中服务器周期性地监视接口的新请求。 Web服务器通常包括用户空间传输协议库,其使服务器能够执行其自己的请求和响应的网络处理。 该库可能包括针对处理HTTP请求进行了优化或精简的TCP / IP驱动程序。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Verification of service level agreement contracts in a client server environment
    • 在客户端服务器环境中验证服务级别协议合同
    • US06792459B2
    • 2004-09-14
    • US09736573
    • 2000-12-14
    • Elmootazbellah Nabil ElnozahyRamakrishnan Rajamony
    • Elmootazbellah Nabil ElnozahyRamakrishnan Rajamony
    • G06F15173
    • G06Q30/018G06Q30/02G06Q30/0277
    • A method, apparatus and computer program product are disclosed to enable independent verification of service level agreement between two parties. In one embodiment, a first party contracts the hosting service of a second party to provide said first party with Web page and services on second party's equipment. Said contract contains a Service Level Agreement specifying performance parameters and guarantees for the response time experienced by users of said Web page and services. Independent verification by a third party of said agreement is done for a fee through several steps. In a first step, said third party inserts measuring and reporting instructions into blocks of information maintained on the server of said second party. The measuring instructions are for delivery to the client with the blocks of information. The delivery of the instructions occurs responsive to a request for the information by the client. Once they are delivered, the instructions are executed by the client. This client-side execution produces a measure of service that is provided to the client by the network and the server. In another step, reporting instructions are inserted into the blocks of information. Like the measuring instructions, the reporting instructions are also for delivery to the client. The reporting instructions may be in just one of the blocks of information, and their delivery also occurs responsive to a request for the information by the client. As a result of being executed by the client, the reporting instructions cause the client to send a report of the measure to a verifying agent.
    • 公开了一种方法,装置和计算机程序产品,以便能够独立地验证双方之间的服务水平协议。 在一个实施例中,第一方收起第二方的托管服务,以向第一方提供在第二方的设备上的网页和服务。 所述合同包含服务级别协议,其指定用于所述网页和服务的用户所经历的响应时间的性能参数和保证。 第三方对该协议的独立验证是通过几个步骤进行的。 在第一步骤中,所述第三方将测量和报告指令插入到在所述第二方的服务器上保存的信息块中。 测量指令用于传递给客户端的信息块。 响应于客户对信息的请求而发生指令的发送。 一旦交付,指令由客户端执行。 该客户端执行产生由网络和服务器提供给客户端的服务测量。 在另一步骤中,将报告指令插入到信息块中。 与测量说明一样,报告指示也用于交付给客户端。 报告指令可以仅在信息块之一中,并且响应于客户端对信息的请求也发送它们的传送。 作为由客户执行的结果,报告指令使客户端将该措施的报告发送给验证代理。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • Superpage coalescing which supports read/write access to a new virtual superpage mapping during copying of physical pages
    • Superpage coalescing在复制物理页面期间支持对新的虚拟超级页面映射的读/写访问
    • US08417913B2
    • 2013-04-09
    • US10713733
    • 2003-11-13
    • Elmootazbellah Nabil ElnozahyJames Lyle PetersonRamakrishnan RajamonyHazim Shafi
    • Elmootazbellah Nabil ElnozahyJames Lyle PetersonRamakrishnan RajamonyHazim Shafi
    • G06F12/00
    • G06F12/1045
    • A method of assigning virtual memory to physical memory in a data processing system allocates a set of contiguous physical memory pages for a new page mapping, instructs the memory controller to move the virtual memory pages according to the new page mapping, and then allows access to the virtual memory pages using the new page mapping while the memory controller is still copying the virtual memory pages to the set of physical memory pages. The memory controller can use a mapping table which temporarily stores entries of the old and new page addresses, and releases the entries as copying for each entry is completed. The translation lookaside buffer (TLB) entries in the processor cores are updated for the new page addresses prior to completion of copying of the memory pages by the memory controller. The invention can be extended to non-uniform memory array (NUMA) systems. For systems with cache memory, any cache entry which is affected by the page move can be updated by modifying its address tag according to the new page mapping. This tag modification may be limited to cache entries in a dirty coherency state. The cache can further relocate a cache entry based on a changed congruence class for any modified address tag.
    • 将虚拟存储器分配给数据处理系统中的物理存储器的方法为新的页面映射分配一组连续的物理存储器页面,指示存储器控制器根据新的页面映射移动虚拟存储器页面,然后允许访问 虚拟内存页面使用新页面映射,而内存控制器仍将虚拟内存页面复制到物理内存页面集合。 存储器控制器可以使用临时存储旧页面地址和新页面地址的条目的映射表,并且对于每个条目的拷贝完成,释放条目。 在由存储器控制器完成对存储器页面的复制之前,处理器核心中的翻译后备缓冲器(TLB)条目针对新的页地址进行更新。 本发明可以扩展到非均匀存储器阵列(NUMA)系统。 对于具有缓存内存的系统,可以通过根据新页面映射修改其地址标签来更新受页面移动影响的任何缓存条目。 该标签修改可能被限制在脏相关性状态下的高速缓存条目。 高速缓存可以根据修改后的地址标签的改变的一致性类别进一步重新定位缓存条目。