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1. 发明授权

US07507384B2 Preferential oxidation reactor temperature regulation 有权
标题翻译：优先氧化反应器温度调节
公开(公告)号：US07507384B2
公开(公告)日：2009-03-24
申请号：US10463763
申请日：2003-06-13
申请人： Darryl Pollica , William F. Northrop , Chunming (Frank C.) Qi , Mark R. Hagan , Alexis Smith , Lawrence Clawson
发明人： Darryl Pollica , William F. Northrop , Chunming (Frank C.) Qi , Mark R. Hagan , Alexis Smith , Lawrence Clawson
IPC分类号： B01J8/04
CPC分类号： C10K3/04 , B01J8/0449 , B01J8/0496 , B01J12/007 , B01J19/249 , B01J2208/00203 , B01J2208/00522 , B01J2208/0053 , B01J2208/00539 , B01J2208/00628 , B01J2219/2453 , B01J2219/2458 , B01J2219/2462 , B01J2219/2466 , B01J2219/2474 , B01J2219/2479 , C01B3/583 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/044 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/1614 , F28D7/005 , F28D7/08 , F28F9/02 , F28F9/26 , H01M8/0668
摘要： According to the present invention, a temperature profile within a preferential oxidation reactor is controlled using a two phase water/steam system to provide a temperature range within the reactor (10) which favors the selective oxidation of CO in a hydrogen rich reformate stream. The reformate is flowed in a mixture with oxygen over a preferential oxidation catalyst (17). The temperature profile is controlled by flowing a stream of water proximate to the preferential oxidation catalyst (17) so as the stream of water and the reformate stream passing over the catalyst (17) are in a heat transfer arrangement. The stream of water is maintained as a two phase stream from a point at which the water reaches its boiling temperature to a point proximate an outlet from which the stream of water exits the reactor (10).
摘要翻译：根据本发明，使用两相水/蒸汽系统来控制优先氧化反应器内的温度分布，以提供反应器（10）内的温度范围，其有利于富氢重整产物流中CO的选择性氧化。重整产物在优先氧化催化剂（17）上与氧气混合流动。温度分布通过使靠近优先氧化催化剂（17）的水流流动来控制，因为流过催化剂（17）的水流和重整产物流处于传热装置。水流作为两相流从水到达其沸腾温度的点保持为靠近出口的点，水流从反应器（10）排出。

2. 发明申请

US20060037244A1 Fuel fired hydrogen generator 有权
标题翻译：燃油发电机
公开(公告)号：US20060037244A1
公开(公告)日：2006-02-23
申请号：US11149962
申请日：2005-06-10
申请人： Lawrence Clawson
发明人： Lawrence Clawson
IPC分类号： H01M8/06
CPC分类号： C01B3/34 , C01B3/503 , C01B3/56 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0405 , C01B2203/043 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/0475 , C01B2203/0495 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0811 , C01B2203/0822 , C01B2203/0827 , C01B2203/0866 , C01B2203/1241 , C01B2203/1294 , H01M8/04201 , H01M8/0618 , H01M8/0668 , Y02P20/128 , Y02P30/30 , Y10S123/12
摘要： A system for making and storing hydrogen comprises an IC engine, a thermal reactor to convert hydrocarbon fuels to reformate, and a separation means to separate the reformate into a hydrogen stream and a hydrogen depleted reformate stream. The hydrogen stream is compressed and stored. The hydrogen depleted reformate stream is split and sent to a thermal reactor and the IC engine. The IC engine drives the compressor for hydrogen as well as the compressor for the fuel inlet to the system. The described system and process achieves high efficiency in fuel conversion and hydrogen storage.
摘要翻译：用于制造和储存氢的系统包括IC发动机，用于将碳氢化合物燃料转化为重整产物的热反应器，以及将重整产物分离成氢气流和不含氢的重整产物流的分离装置。氢气流被压缩并储存。将耗尽氢的重整产物流分离并送入热反应器和IC发动机。 IC发动机驱动氢气压缩机以及用于系统的燃料入口的压缩机。所描述的系统和过程在燃料转化和储氢方面实现了高效率。

3. 发明申请

US20050175870A1 Cogeneration of power and heat by an integrated fuel cell power system 审中-公开
标题翻译：一体化燃料电池电力系统的热电联产
公开(公告)号：US20050175870A1
公开(公告)日：2005-08-11
申请号：US11057656
申请日：2005-02-14
申请人： Mark Hagan , Matthew Dorson , Lawrence Clawson , Michael Leshchiner
发明人： Mark Hagan , Matthew Dorson , Lawrence Clawson , Michael Leshchiner
IPC分类号： F24H1/00 , F02G5/02 , F25B27/02 , H01M8/00 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/06
CPC分类号： H01M8/04067 , F02G5/02 , H01M8/04007 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/04156 , H01M8/0612 , H01M8/0662 , Y02E20/14 , Y02T10/166
摘要： Interconnection layouts are described that are particularly effective in the construction of a steam reformer/fuel cell combination for providing domestic heat and/or hot water as well as electricity. A distinguishing feature of the interconnections is that they use strategically placed heat exchangers that permit the operator to optimize the efficiency of operation of the integrated system, and provide a higher efficiency at optimum operation compared to prior art designs. Combinations of reformer/fuel cell systems with conventional furnaces or boilers are also described.
摘要翻译：描述了在构建用于提供家用热和/或热水以及电力的蒸汽重整器/燃料电池组合中特别有效的互连布局。互连的一个突出特点是它们采用了策略性放置的热交换器，允许操作者优化集成系统的运行效率，并且与现有技术设计相比，在最佳操作时提供更高的效率。还描述了重整器/燃料电池系统与常规炉或锅炉的组合。

4. 发明申请

US20070009774A1 Joint-cycle high-efficiency fuel cell system with power generating expander 审中-公开
标题翻译：联合循环高效燃料电池系统与发电膨胀机
公开(公告)号：US20070009774A1
公开(公告)日：2007-01-11
申请号：US11176691
申请日：2005-07-07
申请人： Lawrence Clawson , Mark Hagan
发明人： Lawrence Clawson , Mark Hagan
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/0612 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/04089 , H01M2250/407 , Y02E60/563
摘要： The efficiency of a combination reformer/fuel cell system is significantly improved by recapturing the energy value of heat generated in the fuel cell and producing additional power. The cooling water from the fuel cell is mixed, entirely or in part, with sufficient or excess compressed air, and at least partially evaporates in the compressed air. The air is at least sufficient to support the oxidative reactions in the fuel cell and also to serve as oxidant in a burner that provides heat to reform fuel/steam mixtures into hydrogen-containing reformate. This air/steam mixture, after leaving the fuel cell, is further heated by heat exchange with the reformats stream and reformate-producing modules, and with the exhaust stream of the burner. The steam/air mixture is injected into the burner, optionally after superheating in the burner exhaust, and is reacted with fuel in the burner. The burner exhaust may be used to provide heat to a fuel reforming reaction. The high-temperature burner exhaust may also be used to drive an expander, preferably a turbine, at a location in the system which is downstream of the burner, but in which the exhaust is at a high temperature so as to run the turbine efficiently. The turbine recovers heat energy from the fuel cell as mechanical energy, typically in excess of the energy required to run a compressor, because of the addition of steam to the compressed air. Moreover, system heat removal elements, such as radiators, as well as overall system size and cost, can be markedly reduced for a given level of output.
摘要翻译：通过重新获得在燃料电池中产生的热量的能量值并产生额外的功率，组合重整器/燃料电池系统的效率显着提高。来自燃料电池的冷却水全部或部分地与足够的或过量的压缩空气混合，并且在压缩空气中至少部分蒸发。空气至少足以支持燃料电池中的氧化反应，并且还用作燃烧器中的氧化剂，燃烧器提供热量以将燃料/蒸气混合物重整成含氢重整产物。在离开燃料电池之后，该空气/蒸汽混合物通过与重整塔流和重整产生模块的热交换以及燃烧器的排气流进一步加热。将蒸气/空气混合物注入燃烧器中，任选地在燃烧器排气中过热后，与燃烧器中的燃料反应。燃烧器排气可以用于向燃料重整反应提供热量。高温燃烧器排气也可以用于在燃烧器下游的系统中的一个位置处驱动膨胀机，优选涡轮机，其中排气处于高温，以有效地运行涡轮机。由于向压缩空气中加入蒸汽，涡轮机以机械能（通常超过运行压缩机所需的能量）恢复来自燃料电池的热能。此外，对于给定的输出水平，系统除热元件（例如散热器）以及总体系统尺寸和成本可以显着降低。

5. 发明申请

US20050217268A1 High-efficiency otto cycle engine with power generating expander 有权
标题翻译：高效率otto循环发动机与发电膨胀机
公开(公告)号：US20050217268A1
公开(公告)日：2005-10-06
申请号：US10988960
申请日：2004-11-15
申请人： Lawrence Clawson
发明人： Lawrence Clawson
IPC分类号： F02B37/00 , C01B3/38 , F01K23/02 , F01K23/10 , F01N5/02 , F02B1/04 , F02B3/06 , F02B33/44 , F02B41/00 , F02B43/10 , F02B47/02 , F02B75/02 , F02G5/02 , F02M25/022 , F02M27/02 , F02M31/093 , F02M31/16 , F01K1/00
CPC分类号： F02M31/16 , C01B3/384 , C01B2203/0227 , C01B2203/0811 , C01B2203/84 , F01N5/02 , F02B1/04 , F02B3/06 , F02B33/443 , F02B37/00 , F02B41/00 , F02B43/10 , F02B47/02 , F02B2075/027 , F02G5/02 , F02M25/0224 , F02M25/035 , F02M27/02 , F02M31/093 , Y02E20/14 , Y02P20/129 , Y02T10/12 , Y02T10/121 , Y02T10/126 , Y02T10/14 , Y02T10/16 , Y02T10/166 , Y02T10/32
摘要： High-efficiency combustion engines, including Otto cycle engines, use a steam-diluted fuel charge at elevated pressure. Air is compressed, and water is evaporated into the compressed air via the partial pressure effect using waste heat from the engine. The resultant pressurized air-steam mixture then burned in the engine with fuel, preferably containing hydrogen to maintain flame front propagation. The high-pressure, steam-laden engine exhaust is used to drive an expander to provide additional mechanical power. The exhaust can also be used to reform fuel to provide hydrogen for the engine combustion. The engine advantageously uses the partial pressure effect to convert low-grade waste heat from engine into useful mechanical power. The engine is capable of high efficiencies (e.g. >50%), with minimal emissions.
摘要翻译：包括奥托循环发动机在内的高效内燃机在高压下使用蒸汽稀释的燃料。空气被压缩，并且通过使用来自发动机的废热的分压效应将水蒸发到压缩空气中。所得到的加压空气 - 蒸汽混合物随后用燃料在发动机中燃烧，优选地含有氢气以保持火焰正面传播。高压，蒸汽的发动机排气用于驱动膨胀机以提供额外的机械动力。废气还可用于改造燃料以提供用于发动机燃烧的氢气。发动机有利地使用分压效应将来自发动机的低等级废热转化为有用的机械动力。发动机能够实现高效率（例如> 50％），排放最少。

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