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1. 发明授权

US4126761A Method of and means for processing an audio frequency signal to conceal intelligility 失效
标题翻译：用于处理音频信号以隐藏清晰度的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4126761A
公开(公告)日：1978-11-21
申请号：US767904
申请日：1977-02-11
申请人： Daniel Graupe , David L. Cohn , G. Donald Causey
发明人： Daniel Graupe , David L. Cohn , G. Donald Causey
IPC分类号： H04K1/02
CPC分类号： H04K1/02
摘要： An input audio frequency analog signal, for example, speech, which is to be passed through a noisy transmission channel, is scrambled at the sending end by repetitively performing a modulo-v (MOD v) addition of an n-level, m-pulse codeword with an n-level digitized transformation of the input signal under the condition that m and v are integers. The resultant sum signal, after transmission through a noisy channel (which may be an acoustic medium, a conventional telephone link, a conventional CB radio link, etc.), is received at the receiving end and descrambled. Descrambling is achieved by carrying out a Mod v subtraction process involving repetitively subtracting the same codeword from an n-level digitized transformation of the received signal, the subtraction being carried out in synchronism with the addition at the sending end. The resultant difference signal is a representation of the input signal and is relatively insensitive to noise present in the transmission channel.
摘要翻译：要通过噪声传输信道的输入音频模拟信号（例如语音）在发送端通过重复执行n级m脉冲的模v（MOD v）加法来加扰在m和v为整数的条件下具有输入信号的n级数字化变换的码字。通过噪声信道（其可以是声学介质，常规电话链路，常规CB无线电链路等）传输之后的结果和信号在接收端被接收并被解扰。通过执行Mod v减法处理来实现解扰，该处理涉及从接收信号的n电平数字化变换重复地减去相同的码字，所述减法与发送端的相加同步地执行。所得到的差分信号是输入信号的表示，并且对于存在于传输信道中的噪声相对不敏感。

2. 发明授权

US4025721A Method of and means for adaptively filtering near-stationary noise from speech 失效
标题翻译：从语音自适应过滤近平稳噪声的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4025721A
公开(公告)日：1977-05-24
申请号：US683234
申请日：1976-05-04
申请人： Daniel Graupe , G. Donald Causey
发明人： Daniel Graupe , G. Donald Causey
IPC分类号： G10L15/20 , G10L21/02 , H03G5/18 , H03H17/00 , H03H17/02 , H04R25/00 , H04R25/04 , H04R27/00
CPC分类号： H03G5/18 , G10L21/0208 , H04R25/505 , H04R25/453
摘要： By identifying and analyzing the properties of the parameters of an input signal that contains speech in the presence of simultaneously occuring near-stationary noise, pauses between speech intervals as well as the termination of such noise can be recognized. When a pause interval containing noise is recognized, the parameters identified during such interval are used to set the parameters of an adaptive filter through which the input signal is passed during subsequent intervals of speech and until the noise terminates. During the time the input signal passes through the filter, the near-stationary noise is filtered out. In response to recognition of the termination of noise, the input signal is caused to by-pass the filter which is then prepared to accept the parameters of noise occuring in a subsequent pause.
摘要翻译：通过识别和分析在存在同时发生的近平稳噪声的情况下包含语音的输入信号的参数的属性，可以识别语音间隔之间的暂停以及这种噪声的终止。当识别到包含噪声的暂停间隔时，在该间隔期间识别的参数用于设置自适应滤波器的参数，通过该自适应滤波器，在随后的语音间隔期间通过输入信号，直到噪声终止。在输入信号通过滤波器的时间内，过滤掉近平稳的噪声。响应于对噪声终止的识别，使得输入信号绕过滤波器，然后滤波器被准备好接受在随后的暂停中发生的噪声参数。

3. 发明授权

US4086435A Method of and means for scrambling and descrambling speech at audio frequencies 失效
标题翻译：用于在音频频率上加扰和解扰语音的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4086435A
公开(公告)日：1978-04-25
申请号：US724170
申请日：1976-09-17
申请人： Daniel Graupe , G. Donald Causey
发明人： Daniel Graupe , G. Donald Causey
IPC分类号： H04K1/00 , H04L9/02
CPC分类号： H04K1/00
摘要： Processing an input audio-frequency analog signal, for example, speech, which is to be passed through a communication channel, includes performing an n-level digitizing of the input signal, transforming the levels of the digitized signal to other levels using a pre-selected n-bit transformation code, and converting the transformed digitized signal into analog form that is scrambled with respect to the input signal for transmission through the communication channel. At the receiving end of the channel, an n-level digitizing of the transmitted signal is performed, followed by an inverse transformation of the levels of the digitized signal using the inverse of the pre-selected transformation code used on the digitized input signal. The inversely transformed signal is then converted into an analog signal which is representative of the input signal.The communication channel can be an acoustic medium, a telephone line, or a CB radio link. The signal processing means can be realized using microprocessors with fixed or variable programming to change the pre-selected transformation code, or tape or card readers to which a tape or card is applied for the purpose of establishing the pre-selected transformation code.
摘要翻译：处理输入音频模拟信号，例如要传送通过通信信道的语音，包括执行输入信号的n级数字化，使用预处理器将数字化信号的电平变换为其他电平，将所变换的数字化信号转换成相对于输入信号加扰的模拟形式，以便通过通信信道进行传输。在信道的接收端，执行发送信号的n级数字化，随后使用在数字化输入信号上使用的预先选择的变换码的倒数对数字化信号的电平进行逆变换。逆变换信号然后被转换成代表输入信号的模拟信号。

4. 发明授权

US4188667A ARMA filter and method for designing the same 失效
标题翻译： ARMA滤波器及其设计方法
公开(公告)号：US4188667A
公开(公告)日：1980-02-12
申请号：US852917
申请日：1977-11-18
申请人： Daniel Graupe , Aloysius A. Beex , G. Donald Causey
发明人： Daniel Graupe , Aloysius A. Beex , G. Donald Causey
IPC分类号： H04R25/04 , H03H11/04 , H03H17/02 , H03H17/04 , H04R25/00 , G06F15/34
CPC分类号： H04R25/505 , H03H17/0258 , H03H17/04 , H04R25/453
摘要： A near minimum order ARMA type recursive filter with guaranteed stability and convergence is provided together with a method for obtaining the parameters of such filter. The amplitude/frequency response of the filter approximates an arbitrarily selected frequency spectrum of amplitude, and the phase response approximates a substantially linear function of frequency with an arbitrarily selected slope because the parameters are identified, off-line, using a minimization process that minimizes an integral error norm. The first step involves performing an inverse discrete Fourier transform of the arbitrarily selected frequency spectrum of amplitude to obtain a truncated sequence of coefficients of a stable, pure moving-average filter model, i.e., the parameters of a non-recursive filter model. The truncated sequence of coefficients, which has N+1 terms, is then convolved with a random sequence to obtain an output sequence associated with the random sequence. A time-domain, convergent parameter identification is then performed, in a manner that minimizes an integral error function norm, to obtain the near minimum order parameters .alpha..sub.i and .beta..sub.j of the model having the desired amplitude- and phase-frequency responses, the parameters satisfying the relationship: ##EQU1## where: .alpha..sub.i is the ith auto-regressive parameter, and .beta..sub.j is the jth moving-average parameter, respectively, of an ARMA-type recursive filter; n and m denote the order of the auto-regressive and the moving-average parts of the ARMA model, respectively; y.sub.k and u.sub.k are associated elements of the kth element of the output sequence and the random sequence, respectively; k is an integer; and v is a shift integer selected to provide the desired slope of the phase response given by 2.pi.(v-N/2).
摘要翻译：提供具有保证稳定性和收敛性的近最小订单ARMA类型递归滤波器以及用于获得这种滤波器的参数的方法。滤波器的幅度/频率响应近似于任意选择的幅度频谱，并且相位响应以任意选择的斜率近似于频率的基本上线性的函数，因为参数被离线地识别，使用最小化处理使得积分误差范数。第一步涉及执行任意选择的振幅频谱的离散傅里叶逆变换，以获得稳定的纯移动平均滤波器模型的截断序列，即非递归滤波器模型的参数。具有N + 1项的截断的系数序列然后与随机序列进行卷积以获得与随机序列相关联的输出序列。然后以最小化积分误差函数范数的方式执行时域收敛参数识别，以获得具有期望幅度和相位频率响应的模型的近似最小阶次参数αi和βj，满足以下关系的参数：其中：αi是第i个自回归参数，βj分别是ARMA型递归滤波器的第j个移动平均参数; n和m分别表示ARMA模型的自回归和移动平均部分的顺序; yk和uk分别是输出序列的第k个元素和随机序列的相关元素; k是整数; 并且v是选择为提供由2π（v-N / 2）给出的相位响应的期望斜率的移位整数。

5. 发明授权

US4185168A Method and means for adaptively filtering near-stationary noise from an information bearing signal 失效
标题翻译：用于从信息承载信号自适应过滤近平稳噪声的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4185168A
公开(公告)日：1980-01-22
申请号：US866938
申请日：1978-01-04
申请人： Daniel Graupe , G. Donald Causey
发明人： Daniel Graupe , G. Donald Causey
IPC分类号： H03G5/16 , H04R25/00 , H04R27/00
CPC分类号： H03G5/165 , H04R25/505 , H04R25/453
摘要： An input signal containing information such as speech or music as well as near-stationary noise is applied in parallel to a noise-analysis circuit and a noise-reduction circuit, each of which comprises a plurality of bandpass filters covering the range of frequencies associated with the information. The absolute value, or a function thereof, of the output of each bandpass filter in the noise-analysis circuit is produced and smoothed. The presence of near-stationary noise in the input signal is determined by examining the nature of the smoothed signal in each band assuming noise has a frequency spectrum which does not vary with time or varies only within a narrow range over a predetermined period of time with respect to the spectral parameters of the information signal. If noise is detected, the noise-analysis circuit identifies spectral parameters of the information and/or noise in each band using the smoothed signal therein.In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the bandpass filters of the noise-reduction circuit have gain elements that are adjusted in accordance with the identified parameters to minimize, under some continuous minimization criterion, the effect of the noise in the input signal thus enhancing intelligibility of the information therein. Minimization can be such that the gain-to-parameter relationships are similar to those in Weiner or Kalman filtering theory with a-priori knowledge of the noise, or of the noise and information, except that in this case, a-priori knowledge of the noise is acquired via identification and is not preassumed.
摘要翻译：包含诸如语音或音乐以及近似平稳噪声的信息的输入信号被并行地施加到噪声分析电路和降噪电路，每个噪声分析电路和噪声降低电路包括多个带通滤波器，覆盖与信息。产生并平滑了噪声分析电路中的每个带通滤波器的输出的绝对值或其功能。通过检查每个频带中的平滑信号的性质来确定输入信号中的近平稳噪声的存在，假设噪声具有不随时间变化的频谱或仅在预定时间段内在窄范围内变化的频谱，相对于信息信号的频谱参数。如果检测到噪声，则噪声分析电路使用其中的平滑信号来识别每个频带中的信息和/或噪声的频谱参数。在本发明的优选实施例中，降噪电路的带通滤波器具有根据所识别的参数进行调整的增益元件，以便在某些连续最小化标准下将输入信号中的噪声的影响最小化从而增强可懂度的信息。最小化可以使得增益参数关系类似于具有噪声或噪声和信息的先验知识的Weiner或卡尔曼滤波理论中的增益参数关系，除了在这种情况下，先验知识噪音是通过识别获得的，不是预先使用的。

6. 发明申请

US20110098780A1 APPARATUS FOR MANAGING A NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER 失效
标题翻译：用于管理神经病的装置
公开(公告)号：US20110098780A1
公开(公告)日：2011-04-28
申请号：US12992265
申请日：2009-05-12
申请人： Daniel Graupe , Daniela Tuninetti , Ishita Basu
发明人： Daniel Graupe , Daniela Tuninetti , Ishita Basu
IPC分类号： A61N1/36
CPC分类号： A61B5/0478 , A61B5/0492 , A61B5/1101 , A61B5/4082 , A61B5/726 , A61N1/36025 , A61N1/36082
摘要： A system that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, a Neuro Sensing and Stimulation Device having a conductive lead for implanting in a brain of a living entity, a sensor coupled to the conductive lead for collecting data associated with one or more electrical signals detected in the conductive lead, a stimulator coupled to the conductive lead to apply one or more electrical signals thereto, and a controller. The controller can be operable to collect data associated with one or more electrical signals detected in the conductive lead, determine a stimulation sequence from the collected data, and direct the stimulator to apply on the conductive lead one or more electrical signals determined from the stimulation sequence. Additional embodiments are disclosed.
摘要翻译：结合本公开的教导的系统可以包括例如具有用于植入活体的脑中的导电引线的神经感觉和刺激装置，耦合到导电引线的传感器，用于收集与一个或多个相关联的数据在导电引线中检测到的电信号，耦合到导电引线的刺激器向其施加一个或多个电信号，以及控制器。所述控制器可操作以收集与在所述导电引线中检测到的一个或多个电信号相关联的数据，从所收集的数据确定刺激序列，并且将所述刺激器引导到所述导电引线上施加一个或多个从所述刺激序列确定的电信号。公开了另外的实施例。

7. 发明申请

US20100094377A1 Method and apparatus for closed-loop deep brain stimulation in treating neurological diseases 失效
标题翻译：用于闭环深部脑刺激治疗神经系统疾病的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20100094377A1
公开(公告)日：2010-04-15
申请号：US12459213
申请日：2009-06-29
申请人： Daniel Graupe
发明人： Daniel Graupe
IPC分类号： A61N1/36
CPC分类号： A61N1/36082 , A61B5/0488 , A61B5/4082
摘要： A system that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, implanted deep brain stimulation electrodes, a stimulation sequence pulse generator, one or more implanted sensors for collecting data associated with one or more electrical signal from the vicinity of the site where stimulation is applied by the stimulation electrodes, and one or more noninvasive surface EMG electrodes to be attached to the patient's skin, say, on certain limbs and which may incorporate a wireless transmitter microchip, and a controller. The controller may incorporate one or more wireless receiver microchips to receive inputs from the sensors. It may also have wire input, if placed under the skin of the skull, for inputs from the implanted sensors. It will incorporate a signal processor to process and coordinate the sensed data from the various sensors and to predict the timing for its output commands. The controller also incorporates a decision element to produce a control output to be sent by wire or wireless to the stimulation sequence generator and which may be an on-off command. The signal processor will also discriminate between tremors and intentional movements in the EMG signals utilizing the EMG spectrum. An electronic switch device may be incorporated to allow the implanted electrodes to switch between serving as stimulation electrodes and voltage sensors, thus eliminating the need to implant any separate sensing electrodes. Alternatively, only noninvasive EMG sensing may be employed for closed-loop control.
摘要翻译：结合本公开的教导的系统可以包括例如植入的深脑刺激电极，刺激序列脉冲发生器，一个或多个植入的传感器，用于收集与来自刺激位置附近的一个或多个电信号相关联的数据由刺激电极和一个或多个非侵入性表面EMG电极施加以附接到患者的皮肤，例如在某些肢体上，并且可以包括无线发射器微芯片和控制器。控制器可以包括一个或多个无线接收器微芯片以接收来自传感器的输入。如果放置在颅骨的皮肤下，也可能有线输入，用于植入传感器的输入。它将结合信号处理器来处理和协调来自各种传感器的感测数据并预测其输出命令的时序。控制器还包括一个决定单元，用于产生一个控制输出，以通过有线或无线方式发送给刺激序列发生器，并且其可以是开 - 关命令。信号处理器还将利用EMG频谱来区分EMG信号中的震颤和有意移动。可以并入电子开关装置以允许注入的电极在用作刺激电极和电压传感器之间切换，从而消除了植入任何单独的感测电极的需要。或者，只有非侵入性EMG感测可用于闭环控制。

8. 发明授权

US5140640A Noise cancellation system 失效
标题翻译：噪音消除系统
公开(公告)号：US5140640A
公开(公告)日：1992-08-18
申请号：US567269
申请日：1990-08-14
申请人： Daniel Graupe , Adam J. Efron
发明人： Daniel Graupe , Adam J. Efron
IPC分类号： G10K11/178
CPC分类号： G10K11/1782 , G10K2210/3011 , G10K2210/3012 , G10K2210/30351 , G10K2210/3045 , G10K2210/3216
摘要： This disclosure relates to a self-adaptive noise cancellation system that may be employed in a noise environment at the vicinity of an acoustic noise source to produce noise signals denoted as anti-noise signals that are directed towards a geometric region of the same environment and which counter the first acoustic noise source thus rendering the geometric region relatively quiet. The system monitors the acoustic noise source to identify its signal parameters thus retrieving the noise parameters that are required for the device to tune itself in order to cope with variations in the parameters of the noise source and to adapt its own anti-noise output to keep adequate noise cancellation in said geometric region in the face of the changes in the characteristics of the noise source, such as changes in power or in frequency spectrum of the noise source.
摘要翻译：本公开涉及一种自适应噪声消除系统，其可以在声学噪声源附近的噪声环境中采用，以产生被表示为针对相同环境的几何区域的抗噪声信号的噪声信号，以及哪个对抗第一声学噪声源，从而使几何区域相对安静。该系统监测声学噪声源以识别其信号参数，从而检索设备调谐自身所需的噪声参数，以便应对噪声源的参数的变化并使其自身的抗噪声输出保持面对噪声源的特性变化，例如噪声源的功率变化或频谱变化，在所述几何区域中适当的噪声消除。

9. 发明授权

US08280516B2 Method and apparatus for closed-loop deep brain stimulation in treating neurological diseases 失效
标题翻译：用于闭环深部脑刺激治疗神经系统疾病的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US08280516B2
公开(公告)日：2012-10-02
申请号：US12459213
申请日：2009-06-29
申请人： Daniel Graupe
发明人： Daniel Graupe
IPC分类号： A61N1/00
CPC分类号： A61N1/36082 , A61B5/0488 , A61B5/4082
摘要： A system that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, a device having a stimulation sequence generator device, at least one implantable electrode for insertion in a brain of a human being, where the at least one implantable electrode is coupled to the stimulation sequence generator, a sensor for placement on a body part of the human being, and a controller coupled to the stimulation sequence generator device and the sensor. The controller can be operable to receive a signal from the sensor, extract from the signal characteristics corresponding to desirable movements of the body part of the human being to generate output data, detect a condition from the output data for predicting an upcoming tremor, and cause the stimulation sequence generator device to apply a stimulation to the at least one implantable electrode for a first period responsive to the detected condition to prevent the upcoming tremor.
摘要翻译：结合本公开的教导的系统可以包括例如具有刺激序列发生器装置的装置，用于插入人的脑中的至少一个可植入电极，其中所述至少一个可植入电极耦合到刺激序列发生器，用于放置在人的身体部分上的传感器，以及耦合到刺激序列发生器装置和传感器的控制器。控制器可操作以从传感器接收信号，从对应于人体的理想运动的信号特征中提取以产生输出数据，从输出数据检测状况以预测即将发生的震颤，并引起刺激序列发生器装置，用于响应于检测到的条件将刺激施加到至少一个可植入电极的第一时段以防止即将发生的震颤。

10. 发明授权

US5920852A Large memory storage and retrieval (LAMSTAR) network 失效
标题翻译：大型内存存储和检索（LAMSTAR）网络
公开(公告)号：US5920852A
公开(公告)日：1999-07-06
申请号：US846577
申请日：1997-04-30
申请人： Daniel Graupe
发明人： Daniel Graupe
IPC分类号： G06N3/04 , G06F15/18
CPC分类号： G06K9/6251 , G06N3/04
摘要： A network system analyzes input words for the search and retrieval of pertinent information. The novel system then selects a module of a self organizing map (SOM) which contains the same dimension of classification as a selected input word and where neurons are interconnected horizontally (between modules) and vertically (at input and inside a module) by arrays of link weights. The system then determines what nodes or processing units within the SOM will be activated and subsequently compared to the selected input word. Feedback is utilized via a punishment/reward scheme to adjust the link weights so that the system learns the best paths and/or methods to create acceptable decisions or outputs.
摘要翻译：网络系统分析用于搜索和检索相关信息的输入单词。新系统然后选择自组织图（SOM）的模块，其包含与所选择的输入字相同的分类维度，并且其中神经元水平（模块之间）和垂直（模块之间的输入和内部）互连。链接权重。系统然后确定SOM内的哪些节点或处理单元将被激活，并随后与所选择的输入字进行比较。通过惩罚/奖励计划来利用反馈来调整链接权重，以便系统学习创建可接受的决策或输出的最佳路径和/或方法。

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