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1. 发明授权

US5771567A Methods of fabricating continuous transverse stub radiating structures and antennas 失效
标题翻译：连续横向短柱辐射结构和天线的制造方法
公开(公告)号：US5771567A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-30
申请号：US705508
申请日：1996-08-29
申请人： Brian M. Pierce , Norman H. Harris , Thomas Kirk Dougherty , William W. Chen , Florentino V. Lee
发明人： Brian M. Pierce , Norman H. Harris , Thomas Kirk Dougherty , William W. Chen , Florentino V. Lee
IPC分类号： G01R31/00 , C04B35/46 , C04B38/06 , C04B41/83 , H01B3/00 , H01Q1/00 , H01Q1/38 , H01Q3/44 , H01Q21/06 , H01P11/00
CPC分类号： C04B38/06 , H01Q1/38 , H01Q3/44 , C04B2111/00844 , Y10T29/42 , Y10T29/49016
摘要： Methods of fabricating a porous ceramic composite having voltage-variable dielectric properties. The composite is made as follows. A polycrystalline ferroelectric powder, which is a ferroelectric perovskite such as barium strontium titanate, for example, is provided. The powder, a binder and a filler are then mixed in water to form a slurry. The powder-binder-filler slurry is then dried. The dried powder-binder-filler slurry is granulated. The granulated powder-binder-filler is pressed into a die. The binder and filler are then burned out to form a fragile porous ash-like structure. The porous structure is then sintered to form porous ceramic parts. The porous ceramic parts are then machined tiles. The machined porous tiles may then be tested for microwave properties. Fabrication methods for producing porous ferroelectric ceramic-polymer composite tiles or subaperture blanks and continuous transverse stub electronically scanned antenna plates or subapertures are also disclosed.
摘要翻译：制造具有电压可变介电特性的多孔陶瓷复合材料的方法。复合材料制成如下。提供了例如作为钛酸钡锶等铁电体型钙钛矿的多晶铁电体粉末。然后将粉末，粘合剂和填料在水中混合以形成浆料。然后将粉末 - 粘合剂 - 填料浆料干燥。将干燥的粉末 - 粘合剂 - 填料浆料造粒。将造粒粉末 - 粘合剂 - 填料压制成模具。然后将粘合剂和填料烧尽以形成易碎的多孔灰状结构。然后将多孔结构烧结以形成多孔陶瓷部件。然后将多孔陶瓷部件加工成瓦片。然后可以对加工的多孔砖进行微波特性的测试。还公开了用于生产多孔铁电陶瓷 - 聚合物复合瓷砖或子孔板坯料和连续横向短棒电子扫描天线板或子孔径的制造方法。

2. 发明授权

US5443746A Ferroelectric aerogel composites for voltage-variable dielectric tuning, and method for making the same 失效
标题翻译：用于电压可变介质调谐的铁电气凝胶复合材料及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：US5443746A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-22
申请号：US195111
申请日：1994-02-14
申请人： Norman H. Harris , Brian M. Pierce , Carl W. Townsend , Thomas K. Dougherty
发明人： Norman H. Harris , Brian M. Pierce , Carl W. Townsend , Thomas K. Dougherty
IPC分类号： C08K3/00 , C04B35/468 , C04B35/47 , C04B35/624 , C08L101/00 , C08L101/12 , H01Q1/00 , C04B35/46 , C04B41/48
CPC分类号： C04B35/47 , C04B35/4682 , C04B35/624
摘要： Ferroelectric composites are prepared by sol-gel derived procedures. The present invention utilizes the sol-gel process (1) to form a gel in a mold of the desired size and shape, (2) to dry the gel using a supercritical fluid extraction, (3) to sinter the dried gel to a crystalline ceramic, and finally (4) to impregnate the pores with a low loss polymer. The aerogel composition may be a barium titanate-based composition such as barium strontium titanate (BST). Making a ferroelectric aerogel composite provides a unique and novel means of fully exploiting the voltage- and/or frequency-tunable properties of certain compositions by maximizing their desirable properties and minimizing their undesirable characteristics such as loss at operational frequencies.
摘要翻译：铁电复合材料通过溶胶 - 凝胶衍生程序制备。本发明利用溶胶 - 凝胶法（1）在所需尺寸和形状的模具中形成凝胶，（2）使用超临界流体萃取干燥凝胶，（3）将干燥的凝胶烧结成晶体陶瓷，最后（4）用低损失聚合物浸渍孔。气凝胶组合物可以是钛酸钡基组合物，例如钛酸钡锶（BST）。制备铁电气凝胶复合材料提供了一种独特和新颖的手段，通过最大化其所需性能并最小化其不期望的特性，例如在工作频率下的损失来充分利用某些组合物的电压和/或频率可调谐性质。

3. 发明授权

US5381149A Broadband absorbers of electromagnetic radiation based on aerogel materials, and method of making the same 失效
标题翻译：基于气凝胶材料的电磁辐射宽带吸收体及其制备方法
公开(公告)号：US5381149A
公开(公告)日：1995-01-10
申请号：US870532
申请日：1992-04-17
申请人： Thomas K. Dougherty , Norman H. Harris , James R. Chow , Brian M. Pierce
发明人： Thomas K. Dougherty , Norman H. Harris , James R. Chow , Brian M. Pierce
IPC分类号： G21K1/10 , H01Q17/00 , B32B7/02 , G02F1/17
CPC分类号： H01Q17/00 , G21K1/10 , Y10T428/24992
摘要： An inhomogeneous broadband absorber of electromagnetic energy constructed from an aerogel-lossy dielectric composite, where the concentration of the lossy dielectric increase across its thickness such that the composite's dielectric properties vary from those of the aerogel to those of the lossy dielectric. Materials useful for serving as the lossy dielectric include polar molecules, polar icosahedral molecules, polyaniline electron-conducting polymers, and polyprrole electron-conducting polymers. Another inhomogeneous layer absorber is constructed from an aerogel that is intrinsically a lossy dielectric. The variation in dielectric properties is achieved by increasing the density of the aerogel across the thickness of the material. Aerogel materials for such an absorber include organic aerogels which have been pyrolized in an inert atmosphere to give vitreous carbon aerogels. Methods for fabricating these absorbers are described.
摘要翻译：由气凝胶损耗介电复合材料构成的电磁能量不均匀的宽带吸收器，其中有损电介质的浓度在其厚度上增加，使得复合材料的介电性能与气凝胶的介电性能变化相对于有损电介质的介电性质不同。用作有损电介质的材料包括极性分子，极性二十面体分子，聚苯胺电子传导聚合物和聚丙烯导电聚合物。另一种不均匀的层吸收体由本质上是有损电介质的气凝胶构成。通过增加气凝胶在材料厚度上的密度来实现介电性能的变化。用于这种吸收剂的气凝胶材料包括已经在惰性气氛中热解以产生玻璃碳气凝胶的有机气凝胶。描述制造这些吸收体的方法。

4. 发明授权

US5574077A Microwave-absorbing materials containing polar icosahedral molecular units and methods of making the same 失效
标题翻译：含有极性二十面体分子单元的微波吸收材料及其制备方法
公开(公告)号：US5574077A
公开(公告)日：1996-11-12
申请号：US159277
申请日：1993-11-30
申请人： Thomas K. Dougherty , Norman H. Harris , James R. Chow , Brian M. Pierce , David A. Whelan
发明人： Thomas K. Dougherty , Norman H. Harris , James R. Chow , Brian M. Pierce , David A. Whelan
IPC分类号： C08F8/42 , G21F1/10 , C08K3/38
CPC分类号： C08F8/42
摘要： A microwave-absorbing material composed of blends of polar icosahedral molecular units with a variety of host matrices, or with polymers with the units covalently bonded in a pendant manner to the polymer chain. Both blends and polymers must impart a high degree of orientational mobility to the units so that they can absorb microwave radiation. These materials employ orientationally mobile, polar icosahedral molecular units as the source of dielectric loss at microwave frequencies. Examples of these units are the polar carboranes (ortho- and meta-carborane), polar carboranes with electronegative and/or electropositive substitutes, and polar "buckminsterfullerenes."
摘要翻译：由极性二十面体分子单元与各种主体基质的共混物组成的微波吸收材料，或具有以垂饰方式与聚合物链共价键合的单元的聚合物组成的微波吸收材料。共混物和聚合物必须赋予单元高度的取向迁移率，使得它们能够吸收微波辐射。这些材料采用定向移动的极性二十面体分子单元作为微波频率下的介电损耗来源。这些单元的实例是极性碳硼烷（正 - 和偏碳硼烷），具有电负性和/或正电性取代基的极性碳硼烷，以及极性“屈敏敏聚乙烯醚”。

5. 发明授权

US5317058A Microwave-absorbing materials containing polar icosahedral molecular units and methods of making the same 失效
标题翻译：含有极性二十面体分子单元的微波吸收材料及其制备方法
公开(公告)号：US5317058A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-31
申请号：US870023
申请日：1992-04-17
申请人： Thomas K. Dougherty , Norman H. Harris , James R. Chow , Brian M. Pierce , David A. Whelan
发明人： Thomas K. Dougherty , Norman H. Harris , James R. Chow , Brian M. Pierce , David A. Whelan
IPC分类号： C08F8/42 , C08G63/91 , C08F4/52 , C08F8/00 , C08G79/08
CPC分类号： C08F8/42
摘要： A microwave-absorbing material composed of blends of polar icosahedral molecular units with a variety of host matrices, or with polymers with the units covalently bonded in a pendant manner to the polymer chain. Both blends and polymers must impart a high degree of orientational mobility to the units so that they can absorb microwave radiation. These materials employ orientationally mobile, polar icosahedral molecular units as the source of dielectric loss at microwave frequencies. Examples of these units are the polar carboranes (ortho- and meta-carborane), polar carboranes with electronegative and/or electropositive substitutes, and polar "buckminsterfullerenes."
摘要翻译：由极性二十面体分子单元与各种主体基质的共混物组成的微波吸收材料，或具有以垂饰方式与聚合物链共价键合的单元的聚合物组成的微波吸收材料。共混物和聚合物必须赋予单元高度的取向迁移率，使得它们能够吸收微波辐射。这些材料采用定向移动的极性二十面体分子单元作为微波频率下的介电损耗来源。这些单元的实例是极性碳硼烷（正 - 和偏碳硼烷），具有电负性和/或正电性取代基的极性碳硼烷，以及极性“屈敏敏聚乙烯醚”。

6. 发明授权

US6045728A Method of treating a zinc sulfide body formed by chemical vapor deposition to increase its rain erosion durability 有权
标题翻译：通过化学气相沉积法形成的硫化锌体的处理方法，以提高其耐雨水性
公开(公告)号：US6045728A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-04
申请号：US169311
申请日：1998-10-09
申请人： William W. Chen , Norman H. Harris , Stephen A. Gabelich
发明人： William W. Chen , Norman H. Harris , Stephen A. Gabelich
IPC分类号： G02B1/10 , B29D11/00
CPC分类号： G02B1/105
摘要： An erosion-resistant, chemically vapor-deposited zinc sulfide window and method of making the same are disclosed. The method includes the step of immersing a chemically vapor-deposited or a hot isostatic pressed, chemically vapor-deposited zinc sulfide body into a liquid comprising gallium, the liquid having a temperature of about 600.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C., for at least about thirty minutes to form a gallium-doped body. The gallium-doped, chemically vapor-deposited zinc sulfide body according to the invention is one capable of transmitting light having a wavelength in the range of about 300 nanometers to about 15,000 nanometers. Furthermore, the gallium-doped, chemically vapor-deposited zinc sulfide window according to the invention is capable of transmitting light, having a wavelength in the range of about 380 nanometers to about 700 nanometers have been exposed to rain erosion for 20 minutes at 470 miles per hour with a 90.degree. incidence angle, with at least about 150% more efficiency than a non-doped, chemically vapor-deposited zinc sulfide window.
摘要翻译：公开了耐腐蚀，化学气相沉积的硫化锌窗及其制造方法。该方法包括将化学气相沉积或热等静压的化学气相沉积的硫化锌体浸入包括镓的液体中的步骤，该液体的温度为约600℃至约1000℃，用于至少约30分钟形成镓掺杂体。根据本发明的掺杂镓的化学气相沉积硫化锌体是能够透射波长在约300纳米至约15,000纳米范围内的光。此外，根据本发明的掺杂镓的化学气相沉积的硫化锌窗口能够透射波长在约380纳米至约700纳米范围内的光已经在470英里暴露于雨侵蚀20分钟每小时具有90°的入射角，比非掺杂的化学气相沉积的硫化锌窗口具有至少约150％的效率。

7. 发明授权

US5702654A Method of making thermal shock resistant sapphire for IR windows and domes 失效
标题翻译：制造耐热冲击蓝宝石的IR窗和圆顶的方法
公开(公告)号：US5702654A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-30
申请号：US706090
申请日：1996-08-30
申请人： William W. Chen , Norman H. Harris
发明人： William W. Chen , Norman H. Harris
IPC分类号： C04B41/50 , C04B41/87 , C30B31/00 , C04B40/00
CPC分类号： C04B41/009 , C04B41/5046 , C04B41/87 , C30B29/20 , C30B31/00
摘要： Single crystal sapphire is conventionally employed for mid-wave IR windows and domes exposed to high aerodynamic heating environments. Single crystal sapphire, however, suffers a loss of compressive strength in the c-axis of 95% on heating from ambient to 800.degree. C. This loss of compressive strength on heating results in poor thermal shock resistance. Poor thermal shock resistance jeopardizes the reliability of the windows and domes. The process of the present invention strengthens sapphire and improves its resistance to thermal shock by introducing magnesium (Mg) ions into the crystal lattice of sapphire to form a solid solution. The solid solution increases the strength of the sapphire. Additionally, a larger increase in strength results from converting the Mg into second phase precipitates comprising magnesium aluminate spinel. The formation of the second phase particulates results in precipitation-hardening or precipitation-strengthening due to the volume change on forming the magnesium aluminate spinel. The second phase particulates comprising magnesium aluminate spinel are held to such a small size that the second phase particulates impart increased fracture strength while not significantly degrading the IR transmission when compared with untreated sapphire. Consequently, precipitation-hardening with magnesium aluminate spinel improves the compressive strength of sapphire while retaining high thermal conductivity and IR transmission.
摘要翻译：常规使用单晶蓝宝石用于暴露于高空气动力加热环境的中波IR窗口和圆顶。然而，单晶蓝宝石在从环境加热到800℃时，在c轴上的抗压强度损失为95％。加热时的抗压强度损失导致差的耐热冲击性。耐热冲击性差，危及窗户和圆顶的可靠性。本发明的方法通过将镁（Mg）离子引入蓝宝石的晶格形成固溶体来增强蓝宝石并提高其耐热冲击性。固体溶液增加了蓝宝石的强度。另外，由于将Mg转化成包含铝酸镁尖晶石的第二相析出物，强度的增加更大。由于在形成铝酸镁尖晶石时的体积变化，第二相颗粒的形成导致沉淀硬化或沉淀强化。包含铝酸镁尖晶石的第二相颗粒被保持为如此小的尺寸，使得与未处理的蓝宝石相比，第二相颗粒赋予提高的断裂强度，而不显着降低IR透射。因此，使用铝酸镁尖晶石的沉淀硬化可以提高蓝宝石的抗压强度，同时保持高导热率和红外线透射率。

8. 发明授权

US5643505A Method for making low cost infrared windows 失效
标题翻译：制造低成本红外线窗的方法
公开(公告)号：US5643505A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-01
申请号：US511670
申请日：1995-08-07
申请人： Norman H. Harris , Thomas K. Dougherty
发明人： Norman H. Harris , Thomas K. Dougherty
IPC分类号： C03C3/12 , C01G9/08 , C01G15/00 , C03B8/00 , C03C3/32 , C03C4/10 , C04B35/547 , G02B1/02 , G02B5/20 , B29D11/00 , B05B5/00 , B05D5/06
CPC分类号： C01G15/006 , C01G9/08 , G02B1/02 , G02B5/208
摘要： Low cost broadband infrared windows are fabricated using a near net shape process which greatly reduces the cost of machining and grinding window materials. The fabrication of zinc sulfide (ZnS) IR windows uses ceramic powder processing to avoid the expensive prior art chemical vapor deposition method. Further, the invention involves a means of hardening and strengthening ZnS as part of the powder process, with IR transmission performance comparable to undoped CVD-prepared ZnS. The compositional modification used in the practice of the invention involves the introduction of gallium sulfide (Ga.sub.2 S.sub.3) as a second phase which acts to toughen and harden the ZnS. The process of the present invention achieves a hardening effect without degrading the IR transmission properties also by means of controlling the polycrystalline microstructure grains to a very small size. At the same time, porosity, which strongly degrades IR transmission, is minimized by full densification. The gallium is introduced into the ZnS by a coprecipitation process to both lower the raw material cost and obtain a suitable submicrometer precursor for the subsequent ceramic processing. The Ga-doped ZnS is then densified into an IR window and a second phase, zinc thiogallate (ZnGa.sub.2 S.sub.4), is precipitated out as a hardening phase by heat treatment. Alternatively, Ga metal is evaporated onto densified ZnS and subjected to heat treatment to form the zinc thiogallate phase.
摘要翻译：低成本宽带红外窗口使用近净形状工艺制造，大大降低了加工和研磨窗材料的成本。硫化锌（ZnS）IR窗口的制造使用陶瓷粉末加工来避免昂贵的现有技术化学气相沉积方法。此外，本发明涉及一种硬化和强化ZnS作为粉末工艺的一部分的手段，其IR传输性能与未掺杂的CVD制备的ZnS相当。在本发明的实践中使用的组成变化包括引入作为增韧和硬化ZnS的第二相的硫化镓（Ga 2 S 3）。本发明的方法也可以通过将多晶微结构晶粒控制到非常小的尺寸来实现硬化效果而不降低IR透射特性。同时，通过完全致密化将孔隙率大大降低，使透射率大大降低。通过共沉淀法将镓引入到ZnS中，以降低原材料成本并获得用于随后的陶瓷加工的合适的亚微米前体。然后将Ga掺杂的ZnS致密化为IR窗口，通过热处理将第二相（硫化镓锌（ZnGa 2 S 4））析出为硬化相。或者，将Ga金属蒸发到致密化的ZnS上，并进行热处理以形成硫代镓酸锌相。

9. 发明授权

US5667621A Non-aqueous, adhesive-free method of bonding expanded polymeric parts 失效
标题翻译：非水，无粘合剂粘合膨胀聚合物部件的方法
公开(公告)号：US5667621A
公开(公告)日：1997-09-16
申请号：US444638
申请日：1995-05-19
申请人： Thomas K. Dougherty , Norman H. Harris , James R. Chow
发明人： Thomas K. Dougherty , Norman H. Harris , James R. Chow
IPC分类号： B29C65/00 , B29C65/14 , C08L71/02 , C09J5/02 , B32B31/24
CPC分类号： B29C66/727 , B29C65/1425 , B29C65/1435 , B29C65/1483 , C09J5/02 , B29C66/71 , B29C66/73921 , B29K2105/04 , C08L71/02 , C09J2471/00
摘要： Bonding of expanded polymeric parts together to produce lost foam molds suitable for casting metallic details is accomplished by applying a non-aqueous, adhesive-free coating comprising a polar, highly dielectric component contained in a liquid vehicle to the interfacing surface of at least one of the parts to be joined. The interfacing surfaces of the parts to be joined are held in contact while the assembly is irradiated with high frequency electromagnetic energy. This energy enables the coating to dielectrically heat the mated expanded polymeric parts until a bond is effected by melting the polymeric parts and inducing expansion of the parts into one another.
摘要翻译：将膨胀的聚合物部件粘合在一起以产生适于铸造金属细节的失去的泡沫模具是通过将包含在液体载体中的极性，高介电性组分的非水性无粘合剂涂层施加到至少一个要加入的部件。当组装被高频电磁能照射时，要接合的部件的接合表面保持接触。该能量使得涂层能够介电地加热配合的发泡聚合物部件，直到通过熔化聚合物部件并引起部件彼此膨胀来实现粘合。

10. 发明授权

US5575959A Process for making low cost infrared windows 失效
标题翻译：制造低成本红外线窗口的过程
公开(公告)号：US5575959A
公开(公告)日：1996-11-19
申请号：US232897
申请日：1994-04-22
申请人： Norman H. Harris , Thomas K. Dougherty
发明人： Norman H. Harris , Thomas K. Dougherty
IPC分类号： C03C3/12 , C01G9/08 , C01G15/00 , C03B8/00 , C03C3/32 , C03C4/10 , C04B35/547 , G02B1/02 , G02B5/20 , B29D11/00
CPC分类号： C01G15/006 , C01G9/08 , G02B1/02 , G02B5/208
摘要： Low cost broadband infrared windows are fabricated using a near net shape process which greatly reduces the cost of machining and grinding window materials. The fabrication of zinc sulfide (ZnS) IR windows uses ceramic powder processing to avoid the expensive prior art chemical vapor deposition method. Further, the invention involves a means of hardening and strengthening ZnS as part of the powder process, with IR transmission performance comparable to undoped CVD-prepared ZnS. The compositional modification used in the practice of the invention involves the introduction of gallium sulfide (Ga.sub.2 S.sub.3) as a second phase which acts to toughen and harden the ZnS. The process of the present invention achieves a hardening effect without degrading the IR transmission properties also by means of controlling the polycrystalline microstructure grains to a very small size. At the same time, porosity, which strongly degrades IR transmission, is minimized by full densification. The gallium is introduced into the ZnS by a coprecipitation process to both lower the raw material cost and obtain a suitable submicrometer precursor for the subsequent ceramic processing. The Ga-doped ZnS is then densified into an IR window and a second phase, zinc thiogallate (ZnGa.sub.2 S.sub.4), is precipitated out as a hardening phase by heat treatment. Alternatively, Ga metal is evaporated onto densified ZnS and subjected to heat treatment to form the zinc thiogallate phase.
摘要翻译：低成本宽带红外窗口使用近净形状工艺制造，大大降低了加工和研磨窗材料的成本。硫化锌（ZnS）IR窗口的制造使用陶瓷粉末加工来避免昂贵的现有技术化学气相沉积方法。此外，本发明涉及一种硬化和强化ZnS作为粉末工艺的一部分的手段，其IR传输性能与未掺杂的CVD制备的ZnS相当。在本发明的实践中使用的组成变化包括引入作为增韧和硬化ZnS的第二相的硫化镓（Ga 2 S 3）。本发明的方法也可以通过将多晶微结构晶粒控制到非常小的尺寸来实现硬化效果而不降低IR透射特性。同时，通过完全致密化将孔隙率大大降低，使透射率大大降低。通过共沉淀法将镓引入到ZnS中，以降低原材料成本并获得用于随后的陶瓷加工的合适的亚微米前体。然后将Ga掺杂的ZnS致密化为IR窗口，通过热处理将第二相（硫化镓锌（ZnGa 2 S 4））析出为硬化相。或者，将Ga金属蒸发到致密化的ZnS上，并进行热处理以形成硫代镓酸锌相。

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