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1. 发明授权

US5103928A Drive slip controlling method 失效
标题翻译：驱动滑动控制方法
公开(公告)号：US5103928A
公开(公告)日：1992-04-14
申请号：US611697
申请日：1990-11-13
申请人： Bernd Danner , Erich Schindler
发明人： Bernd Danner , Erich Schindler
IPC分类号： B60K28/16 , B60T8/175 , F02D29/02 , F02D41/04
CPC分类号： B60T8/175 , B60K28/16
摘要： A method for controlling drive slip permits the maximum drive torque which can be transmitted by the driven wheels to be determined and transmitted to a central control device of the internal combustion engine. On the basis of this transmitted value, the central control device determines how the setting parameters of the internal combustion engine have to be adjusted in order to avoid excessive drive slip. An interaction occurs between the drive slip control and further open-chain and feedback control devices which supply signals to the central control device of the internal combustion engine.
摘要翻译：用于控制驱动滑移的方法允许由从动轮传递的最大驱动转矩被确定并传送到内燃机的中央控制装置。基于该传输值，中央控制装置确定如何调整内燃机的设定参数以避免过大的驱动滑差。在驱动滑移控制和向内燃机的中央控制装置提供信号的另外的开链和反馈控制装置之间发生相互作用。

2. 发明授权

US4919860A Manufacture of porous carbon membranes 失效
标题翻译：多孔碳膜的制造
公开(公告)号：US4919860A
公开(公告)日：1990-04-24
申请号：US218280
申请日：1988-07-13
申请人： Erich Schindler , Franz Maier
发明人： Erich Schindler , Franz Maier
IPC分类号： B01D53/22 , B01D71/02 , B01J35/06 , C01B31/02 , C04B35/524 , C04B38/00 , D01F9/22
CPC分类号： B01D67/0067 , B01D69/02 , B01D69/085 , B01D71/021 , B01J35/065 , C04B35/524 , C04B38/0022 , D01F9/22 , B01D2323/08 , C04B2111/00801
摘要： The invention relates to a process for making porous carbon membranes and membranes which can made by this process. As starting material, a porous membrane from an acrylonitril-polymer is used. The starting material is pretreated with a hydrazine solution, followed by preoxidation and carbonization. The process enables carbon membranes to be made with selectively adjusted pore sizes and tight pore size distribution. The pore sizes can lie in the ultrafiltration or microfiltration range. The membranes are suitable for separation processes, in which chemically aggressive media are used and for high-temperature processes. They can be used wherever electrical conductivity of the membranes is required.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及通过该方法制造多孔碳膜和膜的方法。作为原料，使用来自丙烯腈聚合物的多孔膜。原料用肼溶液预处理，然后进行预氧化和碳化。该方法使得可以选择性地调节孔径和紧密的孔径分布来制备碳膜。孔径可以在超滤或微滤范围内。该膜适用于分离过程，其中使用化学腐蚀性介质和高温过程。它们可以在需要电导率的地方使用。

3. 发明授权

US4595503A Ultrafiltration membrane of polyamide 失效
标题翻译：聚酰胺超滤膜
公开(公告)号：US4595503A
公开(公告)日：1986-06-17
申请号：US659072
申请日：1984-10-10
申请人： Erich Schindler , Franz Maier
发明人： Erich Schindler , Franz Maier
IPC分类号： C08L77/00 , B01D69/06 , B01D71/56 , C08J9/28 , B01D39/00
CPC分类号： B01D71/56 , B01D69/06
摘要： A membrane is disclosed of polyamide, a copolyamide or a mixture of polyamides, suitable for ultrafiltration and composed of an ultrafiltration skin and a backing layer. The pore size in the backing layer increases with distance from the ultrafiltration skin. The membrane is prepared by dissolving a polyamide in at least 75% formic acid, applying a casting solution, containing about 12-22% by weight polyamide and about 1-7% by weight polyethylene glycol in formic acid which has been brought to a temperature of below about 18.degree. C., as a thin layer onto a carrier foil resistant to the components of the solution, introducing the casting solution on the carrier foil into a precipitation and washing bath, withdrawing the casting solution as a coagulated and washed membrane from the carrier foil, stretching in at least one direction and subsequently drying this coagulated and washed membrane.
摘要翻译：公开了适用于超滤并由超滤皮肤和背衬层组成的聚酰胺，共聚酰胺或聚酰胺混合物的膜。背衬层中的孔径随着超滤皮肤的距离而增加。通过将聚酰胺溶解在至少75％的甲酸中制备膜，将浇铸溶液施加到含有约12-22重量％聚酰胺和约1-7重量％聚乙二醇的甲酸中，所述甲酸已经达到温度低于约18℃，作为对溶液成分耐受的载体箔上的薄层，将载体箔上的浇铸溶液引入沉淀和洗涤浴中，将浇铸溶液作为凝结和洗涤的膜从载体箔，至少沿一个方向拉伸，随后干燥该凝结和洗涤的膜。

4. 发明授权

US5471388A Method and apparatus for preventing vehicle handling instabilities 失效
标题翻译：防止车辆处理不稳定的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5471388A
公开(公告)日：1995-11-28
申请号：US912371
申请日：1992-07-13
申请人： Adam Zomotor , Walter Klinkner , Erich Schindler , Frank-Werner Mohn , Thomas Wohland
发明人： Adam Zomotor , Walter Klinkner , Erich Schindler , Frank-Werner Mohn , Thomas Wohland
IPC分类号： B60K28/16 , B60T8/1755 , B62D6/00 , B62D7/15 , B62D101/00 , B62D113/00 , B62D5/00
CPC分类号： B62D7/159 , B60T8/1755 , B60T2270/86 , Y02T10/84
摘要： A method and apparatus for preventing vehicle handling instabilities, in which a vehicle yaw angular velocity required value (.mu..sub.soll) is formed from measured quantities (vehicle velocity, steering wheel angle). The vehicle yaw angular velocity actual value (.mu..sub.ist) is formed from at least one sensor signal, the difference between the yaw angular velocity required value (.mu..sub.soll) and the yaw angular velocity actual value (.mu..sub.ist) is determined by subtracting the yaw angular velocity actual value (.mu..sub.ist) from the yaw angular velocity required value (.mu..sub.soll), and the handling situation or the vehicle yaw behavior to be detected is determined from this difference. The time derivative of the difference is formed to determine whether the vehicle exhibits understeer or oversteer. The slip threshold value (.sigma..sub.soll) is varied in the direction of the value 0 when it is deduced from the detected handling situation that a changed lateral guidance force is required on the wheels of the vehicle driven axle.
摘要翻译：一种用于防止车辆处理不稳定性的方法和装置，其中根据测量量（车速，方向盘角）形成车辆偏航角速度要求值（mu sol1）。通过至少一个传感器信号形成车辆偏航角速度实际值（mu ist），通过减去偏航来确定偏航角速度要求值（mu sol1）与偏航角速度实际值（mu ist）之间的差异根据该差异确定来自偏航角速度要求值（mu sol1）的角速度实际值（mu ist）以及要检测的处理情况或车辆偏航行为。形成差异的时间导数以确定车辆是否显示转向不足或过度转向。当从检测到的处理情况推断在车辆驱动轴的车轮上需要改变的侧向引导力时，滑差阈值（sigma sol1）在值0的方向上变化。

5. 发明授权

US4472760A Capacitor 失效
标题翻译：电容器
公开(公告)号：US4472760A
公开(公告)日：1984-09-18
申请号：US536284
申请日：1983-09-27
申请人： Egon Schulz , Erich Schindler
发明人： Egon Schulz , Erich Schindler
IPC分类号： H01G4/06 , H01L23/043 , H01L29/94 , H01G4/10
CPC分类号： H01L29/94 , H01L23/043 , H01L2924/0002
摘要： A capacitor comprises a capacitor element which is accommodated in a cylindrical casing with electrodes attached to the two end faces thereof. The capacitor element includes a high as possible doped monocrystalline silicon disk, a layer of insulating material arranged on the first main surface thereof, and of a rectangular, first contact electrode at least partly covering the insulating layer. On the second main surface of the capacitor element there is arranged a layer-shaped second contact electrode. The cylindrical casing consists of a glass envelope or tube whose inner diameter is adapted to the diameter of the silicon disk, as well as metal inserts inserted at each end of the casing, contacting the capacitor element and serving as the electrodes.
摘要翻译：电容器包括容纳在圆柱形壳体中的电容器元件，电极附接到其两个端面。电容器元件包括高可能的掺杂单晶硅盘，布置在其第一主表面上的绝缘材料层和至少部分覆盖绝缘层的矩形的第一接触电极。在电容器元件的第二主表面上布置有层状的第二接触电极。圆柱形壳体由其内径适应于硅盘直径的玻璃管或管，以及插入壳体两端的金属插件，与电容器元件接触并用作电极。

6. 发明授权

US5345385A Method for detecting driving situation with respect to vehicle yaw behavior 失效
标题翻译：用于检测相对于车辆偏航行为的驾驶状况的方法
公开(公告)号：US5345385A
公开(公告)日：1994-09-06
申请号：US907109
申请日：1992-07-01
申请人： Adam Zomotor , Walter Klinkner , Erich Schindler , Frank-Werner Mohn , Thomas Wohland
发明人： Adam Zomotor , Walter Klinkner , Erich Schindler , Frank-Werner Mohn , Thomas Wohland
IPC分类号： B60T8/1755 , B62D6/00 , B62D101/00 , B62D105/00 , B62D113/00 , B62D137/00 , G05D1/08
CPC分类号： B62D6/00 , B60T8/1755 , G05D1/0891
摘要： A method detects the driving situation with respect to the yaw behavior of the vehicle, in which a desired value of the vehicle yaw angle rate .mu..sub.des is derived in a computer unit from measured values (such as vehicle speed, steering wheel angle), and at least one sensor signal is supplied to the computer unit from which the actual value of the vehicle yaw angle rate .mu..sub.act is derived. The difference between the desired value of the yaw angle rate .mu..sub.des and the actual value of the yaw angle rate .mu..sub.act is formed in the computer unit. The actual value of the yaw angle rate .mu..sub.act is subtracted from the desired value of the yaw angle rate .mu..sub.des, and at least one output signal is generated in and emitted by the computer unit from this difference. The output signal represents the detected driving situation with respect to the yaw behavior of the vehicle. The magnitude of the time derivative of the difference is used to derive whether there is a tendency towards an increasingly critical driving situation.
摘要翻译：一种方法检测相对于车辆的偏航行为的驾驶状况，其中在计算机单元中根据测量值（例如车辆速度，方向盘角度）导出车辆偏航角速率mu des的期望值，以及至少一个传感器信号被提供给从其导出车辆偏航角速率mu act的实际值的计算机单元。在计算机单元中形成偏航角速率mu des的期望值与偏航角速率mu act的实际值之间的差异。从偏航角速率mu des的期望值中减去偏航角速率mu act的实际值，并且至少一个输出信号由计算机单元从该差异中产生和发射。输出信号表示相对于车辆的偏航行为的检测到的驾驶状况。差异的时间导数的大小用于推导出驾驶状况日益严重的趋势。

7. 发明授权

US4967865A Supplementary steering system 失效
标题翻译：辅助转向系统
公开(公告)号：US4967865A
公开(公告)日：1990-11-06
申请号：US309790
申请日：1989-02-13
申请人： Erich Schindler
发明人： Erich Schindler
IPC分类号： B62D6/00 , B62D7/15 , B62D101/00 , B62D111/00
CPC分类号： B62D7/159 , B60T2260/022
摘要： The supplementary steering system operates automatically as a function of the change of the transverse velocity (v.sub.y) of the vehicle to provide compensation steering movements to stabilize a vehicle in skidding situations. The system relies on the fact that a great increase invehicle transverse velocity is characteristic of skidding movements. Critical travel conditions can be stabilized by a rapid reaction to the change of transverse velocity. Under steady travel conditions, i.e., when only a negligible change of transverse vehicle velocity occurs, the supplementary steering system is not actuated, or is reset to its central position.
摘要翻译：辅助转向系统根据车辆的横向速度（vy）的变化自动运行，以提供补偿转向运动以在打滑情况下稳定车辆。该系统依赖于大幅度增加车辆横向速度是滑动运动的特征。临界行驶条件可以通过对横向速度变化的快速反应来稳定。在稳定的行驶条件下，即当仅发生横向车辆速度的可忽略的变化时，辅助转向系统不被致动，或者被重置到其中心位置。

8. 发明授权

US5341297A Apparatus and method for preventing instabilities in vehicle handling 失效
标题翻译：用于防止车辆处理不稳定的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5341297A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-23
申请号：US907283
申请日：1992-07-01
申请人： Adam Zomotor , Walter Klinkner , Erich Schindler , Frank-Werner Mohn , Thomas Wohland
发明人： Adam Zomotor , Walter Klinkner , Erich Schindler , Frank-Werner Mohn , Thomas Wohland
IPC分类号： B60T8/1755 , B60T8/42 , B60T8/48 , B60T8/62 , B62D6/00 , B62D103/00 , B62D105/00 , B62D113/00 , B62D137/00 , B60T8/64 , B62D6/04
CPC分类号： B60T8/1755 , B60T8/4275 , B60T8/4809
摘要： A method and apparatus prevents instabilities in vehicle handling by forming a desired value of the vehicle yaw angle rate .mu..sub.des from measured values (namely, vehicle speed, steering wheel angle), and forming the actual value of the vehicle yaw angle rate .mu..sub.act from at least one sensor signal. The difference between the desired value of the yaw angle rate .mu..sub.des and the actual value of the yaw angle rate .mu..sub.act is formed by subtracting the actual value of the yaw angle rate .mu..sub.act from the desired value of the yaw angle rate .mu..sub.des. At least one output signal is generated and emitted by the computer unit, from this difference. The output signal represents the detected driving situation with respect to the yaw behavior of the vehicle, with the brake pressure of individual wheels of the vehicle being varied as a function of this output signal, and the output signal being generated in the computer unit as a function of a time derivative of the difference. The output signal contains information on whether the vehicle has understeering or oversteering handling. In the case of oversteering handling, the brake pressure is increased for the vehicle front wheel on the outside of the turn; in the case of understeering handling, the brake pressure is increased for the vehicle rear wheel on the inside of the turn.
摘要翻译：一种方法和装置通过根据测量值（即，车辆速度，方向盘角度）形成车辆偏航角速率mu des的期望值来防止车辆处理中的不稳定性，并且形成车辆偏航角速率mu act的实际值至少一个传感器信号。偏航角速率mu des的期望值与偏航角速率mu act的实际值之间的差异是通过从偏航角速率mu des的期望值中减去偏航角速率mu act的实际值来形成的。根据该差异，计算机单元产生并发射至少一个输出信号。输出信号表示相对于车辆的偏航行为的检测到的驾驶状况，车辆的各个车轮的制动压力作为该输出信号的函数而变化，并且在计算机单元中产生的输出信号为函数的时间导数的差异。输出信号包含关于车辆是否转向不足或过度转向处理的信息。在过度转向处理的情况下，在车轮外侧的车辆前轮上的制动压力增加; 在转向不足的情况下，转向内侧的车辆后轮的制动压力增加。

9. 发明授权

US4482514A Process for the production of an ultrafiltration membrane from polyamide 失效
标题翻译：从聚酰胺生产超滤膜的方法
公开(公告)号：US4482514A
公开(公告)日：1984-11-13
申请号：US285136
申请日：1981-07-20
申请人： Erich Schindler , Franz Maier
发明人： Erich Schindler , Franz Maier
IPC分类号： C08L77/00 , B01D69/06 , B01D71/56 , C08J9/28 , B29D27/04
CPC分类号： B01D71/56 , B01D69/06
摘要： A process is disclosed for the production of a membrane suitable for ultrafiltration and cast from a solution in formic acid of a polyamide or a mixture of polyamides, characterized by bringing the solution produced with the addition of about 1 to 7% polyethylene glycol to a temperature below about 18.degree. C., applying the solution as thin layer onto a carrier film resistant to the constituents of the solution, conducting this solution through a precipitating and washing bath moving in the reverse direction, with said layer, subsequent to emerging from the bath, being stripped from the carrier film as a coagulated and washed membrane and dried thereafter. Preferred embodiments include stretching the membrane, prior to drying, to a ratio from 1.5:1 to 2.5:1; subjecting it to heat setting in conjunction with the drying; using a minimum formic acid concentration of 80% for the solution or mixture; using 12 to 22% polyamide in the solution or mixture; and employing an air stretch of 2 seconds, before the precipitating and washing bath.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于生产适用于超滤并由聚酰胺或聚酰胺混合物的甲酸溶液浇铸的膜的方法，其特征在于将通过加入约1至7％的聚乙二醇生产的溶液加热到温度低于约18℃，将溶液作为薄层施加到耐溶液成分的载体膜上，通过与所述层反向移动的沉淀和洗涤浴，随后从浴中出来，作为凝结和洗涤的膜从载体膜剥离，然后干燥。优选的实施方案包括在干燥之前将膜拉伸至1.5:1至2.5:1的比例; 使其与干燥一起进行热定型; 对溶液或混合物使用80％的最小甲酸浓度; 在溶液或混合物中使用12至22％的聚酰胺; 并在沉淀和洗涤浴之前采用2秒的空气拉伸。

10. 发明授权

US4454085A Process for producing asymmetrical hollow filament membranes of polyamide 失效
标题翻译：生产聚酰胺不对称中空丝膜的方法
公开(公告)号：US4454085A
公开(公告)日：1984-06-12
申请号：US421112
申请日：1982-09-20
申请人： Erich Schindler , Franz Maier
发明人： Erich Schindler , Franz Maier
IPC分类号： D01F6/60 , B01D69/08 , B01D71/56 , D01D5/24 , B01D39/16
CPC分类号： D01D5/24 , B01D69/08 , B01D71/56 , Y10T428/2975
摘要： A process is disclosed for the production of asymmetrical hollow filament membranes suitable for ultrafiltration and/or microfiltration, in which a spinning solution composed of a polyamide or a mixture of polyamides and/or copolyamides, formic acid and a coagulating core liquid, is extruded into a coagulating setting bath liquid, and the hollow filaments are stretched after leaving the setting bath, in the wet state. The pH-value-difference between core liquid and setting bath liquid should be at least 3. The spinning solution contains, in particular, 15 to 25% by weight polyamide, 5 to 20% by weight polyethylene glycol, up to 10% by weight customary additive and formic acid. Preferred embodiments include a stretching ratio amounting to between 1:1.5 and 1:2.5, and having core liquid and setting bath liquid chosen from various combinations of caustic soda, glycol, formic acid or polyethylene glycol. Also disclosed are hollow filament membranes in which the hollow filament is of uniform, eccentric or profiled shape.
摘要翻译：公开了用于生产适用于超滤和/或微滤的不对称中空丝膜的方法，其中将由聚酰胺或聚酰胺和/或共聚酰胺，甲酸和凝结核心液体的混合物组成的纺丝溶液挤出成凝固浴液，并且在脱湿凝固浴后，中空丝在湿润状态下被拉伸。核心液体和凝固浴液体之间的pH值差值应至少为3.纺丝溶液特别包含15至25重量％的聚酰胺，5至20重量％的聚乙二醇，至多10重量％常规添加剂和甲酸。优选的实施方案包括介于1:1.5和1:2.5之间的拉伸比，并且具有选自苛性钠，二醇，甲酸或聚乙二醇的各种组合的核心液体和凝固浴液。还公开了中空丝膜，其中中空丝具有均匀的偏心或异型形状。

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