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1. 发明授权

US06900931B1 Three-stage optical amplifier having flat spectral gain 有权
标题翻译：具有平坦光谱增益的三级光放大器
公开(公告)号：US06900931B1
公开(公告)日：2005-05-31
申请号：US09677344
申请日：2000-10-02
申请人： Balakrishnan Sridhar , Clark Scrandis , James E. DeGrange, Jr. , Michael G. Taylor , Jun Bao
发明人： Balakrishnan Sridhar , Clark Scrandis , James E. DeGrange, Jr. , Michael G. Taylor , Jun Bao
IPC分类号： H01S3/067 , H01S3/10 , H04B10/17 , H01S3/00
CPC分类号： H04B10/2941 , H01S3/06754 , H01S3/10023 , H01S2301/04
摘要： A three stage optical amplifier is disclosed having a substantially flat gain profile. The amplifier includes a variable optical attenuator coupled between second and third stages of the amplifier and a dispersion compensating element. The attenuation of the optical attenuator is adjusted in accordance with the loss across dispersion compensating element and the optical power input to the amplifier to thereby obtain a substantially flattened gain profile. An offset value can also be used to refine the variable optical attenuator control and minimize nonflatness. The first and second stages are preferably pumped to provide high gain and a low noise figure and the third stage is preferably pumped to provide a high optical conversion efficiency. In an additional example, received optical powers associated with each of the channels in a WDM system are monitored and the attenuators within each amplifier in the system are controlled so that the received powers are substantially equal.
摘要翻译：公开了具有基本平坦的增益分布的三级光放大器。放大器包括耦合在放大器的第二和第三级之间的可变光衰减器和色散补偿元件。光衰减器的衰减根据色散补偿元件的损耗和输入到放大器的光功率进行调节，从而获得基本平坦的增益曲线。偏移值也可用于细化可变光衰减器控制并最小化非平坦度。优选地，泵送第一和第二级以提供高增益和低噪声系数，并且优选地泵送第三级以提供高的光转换效率。在附加示例中，监视与WDM系统中的每个信道相关联的接收光功率，并且控制系统内每个放大器内的衰减器，使得接收功率基本上相等。

2. 发明授权

US06904241B2 Power balanced optical add multiplexer and power balancing methods therefore 有权
标题翻译：因此，功率平衡光分复用器和功率平衡方法
公开(公告)号：US06904241B2
公开(公告)日：2005-06-07
申请号：US09777786
申请日：2001-02-06
申请人： James E. DeGrange, Jr. , Balakrishnan Sridhar
发明人： James E. DeGrange, Jr. , Balakrishnan Sridhar
IPC分类号： H04B10/17 , H04J14/02
CPC分类号： H04J14/0221 , H04B10/296 , H04J14/0201
摘要： To improve a power balance of an optical add multiplexer, an add amplifier is optically coupled to an add path of an optical add module. A through loss associated with a signal passing through the add module, and an add loss associated with a signal travelling an add path of the add module are known or otherwise calibrated values. An input power measurement of the signal input to the add module is used in conjunction with the through loss, add loss, and number of added channels to determine an add path amplification value. The gain of the add amplifier is controlled according to add path amplification value so that the power level of added channel(s) substantially matches the power level of the WDM signal output from the add multiplexer. Furthermore, the gain profile of the add amplifier preferably matches a gain profile of a signal input to the add module. In this way, the power level and gain profile of the added channel(s) can be controlled to match the power level and gain profile of the signal passing through the add module. These same techniques may also be applied to an optical add/drop multiplexer that not dropping any channels but is adding at least one channel.
摘要翻译：为了提高光学加法多路复用器的功率平衡，加法放大器光耦合到光学加法模块的添加路径。与通过添加模块的信号相关联的通过损耗以及与传播添加模块的添加路径的信号相关联的附加损耗是已知的或以其他方式校准的值。输入到增加模块的信号的输入功率测量结合通过损耗，增加损耗和添加通道数量来确定加法路径放大值。根据加法路径放大值来控制加法放大器的增益，使得相加信道的功率电平基本上与从加法多路复用器输出的WDM信号的功率电平相匹配。此外，加法放大器的增益曲线优选地匹配输入到加法模块的信号的增益曲线。以这种方式，可以控制附加通道的功率电平和增益曲线，以匹配通过增加模块的信号的功率电平和增益曲线。这些相同的技术也可以应用于光分插复用器，其不会丢弃任何通道，而是添加至少一个通道。

3. 发明授权

US06885825B2 Power balanced optical add/drop multiplexer and power balancing methods therefore 有权
标题翻译：因此，功率平衡光分插复用器和功率平衡方法
公开(公告)号：US06885825B2
公开(公告)日：2005-04-26
申请号：US09777774
申请日：2001-02-06
申请人： James E. DeGrange, Jr. , Balakrishnan Sridhar
发明人： James E. DeGrange, Jr. , Balakrishnan Sridhar
IPC分类号： H04B10/17 , H04J14/02
CPC分类号： H04J14/0221 , H04B10/296 , H04J14/0201
摘要： To improve a power balance of an optical add/drop multiplexer, an add amplifier is optically coupled to an add path of an optical add/drop module. A through loss associated with a signal passing through the add/drop module, a drop loss associated with a signal travelling a drop path of the add/drop module, and an add loss associated with a signal travelling an add path of the add/drop module are known or otherwise calibrated values. A dropped channel power measurement is used in conjunction with the through loss, add loss, drop loss, number of dropped channels and number of added channels to determine an add path amplification value. The gain of the add amplifier is controlled according to add path amplification value so that the power level of the added channel(s) substantially matches the power level of the WDM signal output from the add/drop multiplexer. Furthermore, the gain profile of the add amplifier preferably matches a gain profile of a signal input to the add/drop module. In this way, the power level and gain profile of the added channel(s) can be controlled to match the power level and gain profile of the signal passing through the add/drop module.
摘要翻译：为了提高光分插复用器的功率平衡，添加放大器光耦合到光分插模块的添加路径。与通过加/减模块的信号相关联的通过损耗，与传播添加/分出模块的放置路径的信号相关联的丢失丢失以及与传播添加/丢弃的添加路径的信号相关联的添加丢失模块是已知的或以其他方式校准的值。丢弃的信道功率测量与通过丢失，增加丢失，丢失丢失，丢弃的信道数量和添加的信道数量一起用于确定添加路径放大值。根据加法路径放大值来控制加法放大器的增益，使得附加信道的功率电平基本上与从分插复用器输出的WDM信号的功率电平相匹配。此外，加法放大器的增益曲线优选地匹配输入到加/减模块的信号的增益曲线。以这种方式，可以控制附加通道的功率电平和增益曲线，以匹配通过加/减模块的信号的功率电平和增益曲线。

4. 发明授权

US6057959A Optical amplifier having substantially uniform spectral gain 失效
标题翻译：光放大器具有基本均匀的光谱增益
公开(公告)号：US6057959A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-02
申请号：US83346
申请日：1998-05-22
申请人： Michael G. Taylor , Balakrishnan Sridhar
发明人： Michael G. Taylor , Balakrishnan Sridhar
IPC分类号： H04B10/17 , H01S3/00
CPC分类号： H04B10/2941
摘要： An optical amplifier is disclosed having substantially uniform spectral gain. The amplifier comprises a variable optical attenuator coupled between first and second segments of active optical fiber. The attenuation of the optical attenuator is adjusted in accordance with the optical power input to the amplifier to thereby obtain substantially flattened gain. Alternatively, the attenuator can be controlled based on the respective gains associated with the first and second segments of optical fiber. For example, the attenuator can be adjusted so that so that the sum of the two gains remains substantially constant, a condition that also yields flat spectral gain. Further, optical powers associated with first and second wavelengths of amplified stimulated emission (ASE) light output from the amplifier can be used to adjust the attenuation of the optical attenuator. In an additional example, received optical powers associated with each of the channels in a WDM system are monitored and the attenuators within each amplifier in the system are controlled so that the received powers are substantially equal.
摘要翻译：公开了具有基本均匀的光谱增益的光放大器。放大器包括耦合在有源光纤的第一和第二段之间的可变光衰减器。根据输入到放大器的光功率来调节光衰减器的衰减，从而获得基本平坦的增益。或者，可以基于与光纤的第一和第二段相关联的相应增益来控制衰减器。例如，可以调节衰减器，使得两个增益的和保持基本恒定，这也是产生平坦的光谱增益的条件。此外，与从放大器输出的放大的受激发射（ASE）光的第一和第二波长相关联的光功率可以用于调节光衰减器的衰减。在附加示例中，监视与WDM系统中的每个信道相关联的接收光功率，并且控制系统内每个放大器内的衰减器，使得接收功率基本上相等。

5. 发明授权

US06178038B1 Optical amplifier having an improved noise figure 有权
标题翻译：具有改善噪声系数的光放大器
公开(公告)号：US06178038B1
公开(公告)日：2001-01-23
申请号：US09252288
申请日：1999-02-18
申请人： Michael G. Taylor , Balakrishnan Sridhar
发明人： Michael G. Taylor , Balakrishnan Sridhar
IPC分类号： H01S300
CPC分类号： H04B10/2916 , H01S3/06758 , H01S3/302 , H01S2301/02 , H04B10/2525 , H04B2210/003 , H04B2210/256
摘要： A dispersion compensating element, such as a dispersion compensating fiber, is provided between two erbium doped fiber segments of a two stage amplifier, and is pumped with light of a sufficient wavelength and intensity to yield Raman amplification within the dispersion compensating fiber. As a result, optical loss of the dispersion compensating fiber is reduced and the overall noise figure of the amplifier is improved.
摘要翻译：在两级放大器的两个掺铒光纤段之间提供色散补偿元件，例如色散补偿光纤，并且用足够的波长和强度的光泵浦，以在色散补偿光纤内产生拉曼放大。结果，色散补偿光纤的光损耗减小，并且放大器的总体噪声系数得到改善。

6. 发明授权

US5963361A Optical amplifier having a variable attenuator controlled based on detected ASE 失效
标题翻译：具有可变衰减器的光放大器基于检测到的ASE进行控制
公开(公告)号：US5963361A
公开(公告)日：1999-10-05
申请号：US83214
申请日：1998-05-22
申请人： Michael G. Taylor , Balakrishnan Sridhar
发明人： Michael G. Taylor , Balakrishnan Sridhar
IPC分类号： H01S3/067 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/131 , H04B10/17 , G01J3/28 , H01S3/00 , H04B10/08
CPC分类号： H04B10/296 , H01S3/06758 , H01S2301/02 , H01S2301/04 , H01S3/094003 , H01S3/10023 , H01S3/1301
摘要： An optical amplifier is disclosed having substantially uniform spectral gain. The amplifier comprises a variable optical attenuator coupled between first and second segments of active optical fiber. The attenuation of the optical attenuator is adjusted in accordance with the optical power input to the amplifier to thereby obtain substantially flattened gain. Alternatively, the attenuator can be controlled based on the respective gains associated with the first and second segments of optical fiber. For example, the attenuator can be adjusted so that so that the sum of the two gains remains substantially constant, a condition that also yields flat spectral gain. Further, optical powers associated with first and second wavelengths of amplified stimulated emission (ASE) light output from the amplifier can be used to adjust the attenuation of the optical attenuator. In an additional example, received optical powers associated with each of the channels in a WDM system are monitored and the attenuators within each amplifier in the system are controlled so that the received powers are substantially equal.
摘要翻译：公开了具有基本均匀的光谱增益的光放大器。放大器包括耦合在有源光纤的第一和第二段之间的可变光衰减器。根据输入到放大器的光功率来调节光衰减器的衰减，从而获得基本平坦的增益。或者，可以基于与光纤的第一和第二段相关联的相应增益来控制衰减器。例如，可以调节衰减器，使得两个增益的和保持基本恒定，这也是产生平坦的光谱增益的条件。此外，与从放大器输出的放大的受激发射（ASE）光的第一和第二波长相关联的光功率可以用于调节光衰减器的衰减。在附加示例中，监视与WDM系统中的每个信道相关联的接收光功率，并且控制系统内每个放大器内的衰减器，使得接收功率基本上相等。

7. 发明授权

US08873135B2 Extended dynamic range optical amplifier 有权
标题翻译：扩展动态范围光放大器
公开(公告)号：US08873135B2
公开(公告)日：2014-10-28
申请号：US13724610
申请日：2012-12-21
申请人： Balakrishnan Sridhar , Jun Bao
发明人： Balakrishnan Sridhar , Jun Bao
IPC分类号： H04B10/293 , H01S3/067 , H04B10/291 , H01S3/10 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/16 , H01S3/00
CPC分类号： H01S3/06758 , H01S3/0064 , H01S3/0078 , H01S3/094084 , H01S3/1003 , H01S3/1608 , H01S2301/02 , H04B10/291 , H04B10/2916 , H04B10/293 , H04B2210/003
摘要： An extended dynamic range optical amplifier, a method of operation, and a line amplifier configuration include an optical amplifier that can be optimized for high or low span loss conditions by switching an internal stage in or out of an internal light path within the amplifier. The extended dynamic range optical amplifier can include a low gain mode and a high gain mode with an internal switch to switch out a gain mid-stage in a low gain mode to extend the useful dynamic range of the amplifier. Further, the extended dynamic range optical amplifier can use residual pump power from an initial stage to pump the gain mid-stage in the high gain mode. Additionally, the extended dynamic range optical amplifier includes remapping of gain in the initial stage and the gain mid-stage to optimize the amplifier noise performance based on the maximum output power of the amplifier.
摘要翻译：扩展动态范围光放大器，操作方法和线路放大器配置包括光放大器，其可以通过将放大器内部的光路中的内部级切换到内部级而对于高或低跨度损耗条件进行优化。扩展动态范围光放大器可以包括低增益模式和高增益模式，内部开关可在低增益模式下切换增益中级，以扩展放大器的有用动态范围。此外，扩展动态范围光放大器可以使用来自初级的剩余泵浦功率来在高增益模式下泵浦增益中间级。此外，扩展动态范围光放大器包括在初始阶段和增益中期阶段的增益重新映射，以根据放大器的最大输出功率优化放大器噪声性能。

8. 发明申请

US20140072306A1 OPTICAL SERVICE CHANNEL SYSTEMS AND METHODS OVER HIGH LOSS LINKS 有权
标题翻译：光通信系统和方法在高损失链路上
公开(公告)号：US20140072306A1
公开(公告)日：2014-03-13
申请号：US13606975
申请日：2012-09-07
申请人： Balakrishnan Sridhar , Jun Bao
发明人： Balakrishnan Sridhar , Jun Bao
IPC分类号： H04J14/02 , H04B10/08
CPC分类号： H04J14/0275 , H04B10/071
摘要： Optical service channel (OSC) systems and methods over high loss links are described utilizing redundant telemetry channels. A first telemetry channel provides a low bandwidth communication channel used when Raman amplification is unavailable on a high loss link for supporting a subset of operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning (OAM&P) communication. A second telemetry channel provides a high bandwidth communication channel for when Raman amplification is available to support full OAM&P communication. The first and second telemetry operate cooperatively ensuring nodal OAM&P communication over high loss links (e.g., 50 dB) regardless of operational status of Raman amplification.
摘要翻译：利用冗余遥测信道描述了通过高损耗链路的光服务信道（OSC）系统和方法。当用于支持操作，管理，维护和供应（OAM＆P）通信的子集的高损耗链路上拉曼放大不可用时，第一遥测通道提供低带宽通信信道。第二个遥测通道提供高带宽通信信道，用于当拉曼放大可用于支持完整的OAM＆P通信时。第一和第二遥测工作协调地确保无论拉曼放大的操作状态如何，通过高损耗链路（例如，50dB）确保节点OAM＆P通信。

9. 发明授权

US06204958B1 Optical amplifier having a substantially flat gain spectrum 有权
标题翻译：光放大器具有基本平坦的增益谱
公开(公告)号：US06204958B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-20
申请号：US09169159
申请日：1998-10-08
申请人： Michael G. Taylor , Balakrishnan Sridhar
发明人： Michael G. Taylor , Balakrishnan Sridhar
IPC分类号： G02F139
CPC分类号： H04B10/2941 , H01S3/06758 , H01S3/10023 , H01S3/1608 , H01S2301/04 , H04B2210/003
摘要： An optical amplifier is provided in which optical channels, each at a respective wavelength, make two passes through a segment of erbium-doped optical fiber. After the first pass, certain optical wavelengths lying in the high gain spectrum (“the high gain wavelengths”) of the erbium-doped optical fiber are amplified more than other optical wavelengths lying in the low gain spectrum (“the low gain wavelengths”). The optical channels are then reflected with a reflective element back to the segment of erbium-doped optical fiber for the second pass. The reflective element selectively attenuates the high gain wavelengths to compensate for the excessive gain of the erbium-doped optical fiber at these wavelengths. As a result, after the second pass, the optical power at the high and low gain wavelengths is substantially the same and gain flattening is achieved. In an alternative embodiment, the low gain wavelengths are selectively amplified by the reflective element and supplied to the erbium-doped optical fiber at a higher power level than the high gain wavelengths. This additional optical power offsets the low amplification at the low gain wavelengths, such that the erbium-doped optical fiber outputs the high and low gain wavelengths at substantially the same optical power levels.
摘要翻译：提供了一种光放大器，其中各个波长的光通道通过掺铒光纤的两段通路。在第一次通过之后，掺铒光纤的高增益光谱（“高增益波长”）中的某些光波长比位于低增益光谱（“低增益波长”）中的其它光波长放大得多，。然后将光信道用反射元件反射回铒掺杂光纤的段，用于第二遍。反射元件选择性地衰减高增益波长以补偿在这些波长处的掺铒光纤的过度增益。结果，在第二次通过之后，高和低增益波长的光功率基本上相同，并且获得了平坦化。在替代实施例中，低增益波长被反射元件选择性地放大，并以比高增益波长更高的功率电平提供给掺铒光纤。这种附加的光功率抵消了低增益波长处的低放大率，使得掺铒光纤以基本上相同的光功率电平输出高和低增益波长。

10. 发明授权

US6061171A Optical amplifier having a variable attenuator controlled based on input power 失效
标题翻译：具有基于输入功率控制的可变衰减器的光放大器
公开(公告)号：US6061171A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-09
申请号：US83728
申请日：1998-05-22
申请人： Michael G. Taylor , Balakrishnan Sridhar
发明人： Michael G. Taylor , Balakrishnan Sridhar
IPC分类号： H04B10/17 , H01S3/10 , G01J3/28 , H04B10/08
CPC分类号： H04B10/2941
摘要： An optical amplifier is disclosed having substantially uniform spectral gain. The amplifier comprises a variable optical attenuator coupled between first and second segments of active optical fiber. The attenuation of the optical attenuator is adjusted in accordance with the optical power input to the amplifier to thereby obtain substantially flattened gain. Alternatively, the attenuator can be controlled based on the respective gains associated with the first and second segments of optical fiber. For example, the attenuator can be adjusted so that so that the sum of the two gains remains substantially constant, a condition that also yields flat spectral gain. Further, optical powers associated with first and second wavelengths of amplified stimulated emission (ASE) light output from the amplifier can be used to adjust the attenuation of the optical attenuator. In an additional example, received optical powers associated with each of the channels in a WDM system are monitored and the attenuators within each amplifier in the system are controlled so that the received powers are substantially equal.
摘要翻译：公开了具有基本均匀的光谱增益的光放大器。放大器包括耦合在有源光纤的第一和第二段之间的可变光衰减器。根据输入到放大器的光功率来调节光衰减器的衰减，从而获得基本平坦的增益。或者，可以基于与光纤的第一和第二段相关联的相应增益来控制衰减器。例如，可以调节衰减器，使得两个增益的和保持基本恒定，这也是产生平坦的光谱增益的条件。此外，与从放大器输出的放大的受激发射（ASE）光的第一和第二波长相关联的光功率可以用于调节光衰减器的衰减。在附加示例中，监视与WDM系统中的每个信道相关联的接收光功率，并且控制系统内每个放大器内的衰减器，使得接收功率基本上相等。

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