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1. 发明授权

US08673618B2 Construction of highly efficient cellulase compositions for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose 有权
标题翻译：构建用于纤维素酶水解的高效纤维素酶组合物
公开(公告)号：US08673618B2
公开(公告)日：2014-03-18
申请号：US12908483
申请日：2010-10-20
申请人： Alexander V. Gusakov , Tatyana N. Salanovich , Alexey I. Antonov , Boris B. Ustinov , Oleg N. Okunev , Richard P. Burlingame , Mark A. Emalfarb , Marco A. Baez , Arkady P. Sinitsyn
发明人： Alexander V. Gusakov , Tatyana N. Salanovich , Alexey I. Antonov , Boris B. Ustinov , Oleg N. Okunev , Richard P. Burlingame , Mark A. Emalfarb , Marco A. Baez , Arkady P. Sinitsyn
IPC分类号： C12N1/15
CPC分类号： C12N9/2437 , C12N9/244 , C12N9/2445 , C12P19/14 , C12Y302/01004 , C12Y302/01006 , C12Y302/01021 , C12Y302/01091 , Y02E50/16
摘要： This invention provides novel enzyme compositions using newly identified and isolated C. lucknowense enzymes, including CBH Ib CBH IIb, EG II, EG VI, β-glucosidase, and xylanase II in conjunction with previously identified enzymes CBH Ia, CBH IIa (previously described as Endo 43), and EG V. These enzyme compositions demonstrate an extremely high ability to convert lignocellulosic biomass (e.g., Avicel, cotton, Douglas fir wood pretreated by organosolv) to glucose. CBH Ia and IIb, which both have a cellulose-binding module (CBM) displayed a pronounced synergism with three major endoglucanases (EG II, EG V, EG VI) from the same fungus in hydrolysis of cotton as well as a strong synergy with each other. The enzyme compositions are effective in hydrolysis of the lignocellulosic biomass.
摘要翻译：本发明提供使用新鉴定和分离的C.运气型酶的新型酶组合物，包括CBH Ib CBH IIb，EG II，EG VI，β-葡糖苷酶和木聚糖酶II结合先前鉴定的酶CBH 1a，CBH IIa（以前描述为 Endo 43）和EG V.这些酶组合物表现出将木质纤维素生物质（例如，通过有机溶剂预处理的Avicel，棉花，Douglas冷杉木材）转化为葡萄糖的极高的能力。两者具有纤维素结合模块（CBM）的CBH 1a和IIb显示出与来自棉花水解的相同真菌的三种主要内切葡聚糖酶（EG II，EG V，EG VI）的显着协同作用，以及与每种其他。酶组合物在木质纤维素生物质的水解中是有效的。

2. 发明授权

US07883872B2 Construction of highly efficient cellulase compositions for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose 有权
标题翻译：构建用于纤维素酶水解的高效纤维素酶组合物
公开(公告)号：US07883872B2
公开(公告)日：2011-02-08
申请号：US11487547
申请日：2006-07-13
申请人： Alexander V. Gusakov , Tatyana N. Salanovich , Alexey I. Antonov , Boris B. Ustinov , Oleg N. Okunev , Richard P. Burlingame , Mark A. Emalfarb , Marco A. Baez , Arkady P. Sinitsyn
发明人： Alexander V. Gusakov , Tatyana N. Salanovich , Alexey I. Antonov , Boris B. Ustinov , Oleg N. Okunev , Richard P. Burlingame , Mark A. Emalfarb , Marco A. Baez , Arkady P. Sinitsyn
IPC分类号： C12P19/16 , C12P19/20
CPC分类号： C12N9/2437 , C12N9/244 , C12N9/2445 , C12P19/14 , C12Y302/01004 , C12Y302/01006 , C12Y302/01021 , C12Y302/01091 , Y02E50/16
摘要： This invention provides novel enzyme compositions using newly identified and isolated C. lucknowense enzymes, including CBH Ib CBH IIb, EG II, EG VI, β-glucosidase, and xylanase II in conjunction with previously identified enzymes CBH Ia, CBH IIa (previously described as Endo 43), and EG V. These enzyme compositions demonstrate an extremely high ability to convert lignocellulosic biomass (e.g., Avicel, cotton, Douglas fir wood pretreated by organosolv) to glucose. CBH Ia and IIb, which both have a cellulose-binding module (CBM) displayed a pronounced synergism with three major endoglucanases (EG II, EG V, EG VI) from the same fungus in hydrolysis of cotton as well as a strong synergy with each other. The enzyme compositions are effective in hydrolysis of the lignocellulosic biomass.
摘要翻译：本发明提供使用新鉴定和分离的C.幸运感酶的新型酶组合物，其包括CBH Ib CBH IIb，EG II，EG VI，葡萄糖苷酶和木聚糖酶II与先前鉴定的酶CBH 1a，CBH IIa（先前描述）作为Endo 43）和EG V.这些酶组合物显示出将木质纤维素生物质（例如，通过有机溶剂预处理的Avicel，棉花，道格拉斯冷杉木材）转化为葡萄糖的极高的能力。两者具有纤维素结合模块（CBM）的CBH 1a和IIb显示出与来自棉花水解的相同真菌的三种主要内切葡聚糖酶（EG II，EG V，EG VI）的显着协同作用，以及与每种其他。酶组合物在木质纤维素生物质的水解中是有效的。

3. 发明授权

US08916363B2 Construction of Highly efficient cellulase compositions for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose 有权
标题翻译：构建纤维素酶水解的高效纤维素酶组合物
公开(公告)号：US08916363B2
公开(公告)日：2014-12-23
申请号：US12908454
申请日：2010-10-20
申请人： Alexander V. Gusakov , Tatyana N. Salanovich , Alexey I. Antonov , Boris B. Ustinov , Oleg N. Okunev , Richard P. Burlingame , Mark A. Emalfarb , Marco A. Baez , Arkady P. Sinitsyn
发明人： Alexander V. Gusakov , Tatyana N. Salanovich , Alexey I. Antonov , Boris B. Ustinov , Oleg N. Okunev , Richard P. Burlingame , Mark A. Emalfarb , Marco A. Baez , Arkady P. Sinitsyn
IPC分类号： C12P19/22 , C12P19/14 , C12N9/42
CPC分类号： C12N9/2437 , C12N9/244 , C12N9/2445 , C12P19/14 , C12Y302/01004 , C12Y302/01006 , C12Y302/01021 , C12Y302/01091 , Y02E50/16
摘要： This invention provides novel enzyme compositions using newly identified and isolated C. lucknowense enzymes, including CBH Ib CBH IIb, EG II, EG VI, β-glucosidase, and xylanase II in conjunction with previously identified enzymes CBH Ia, CBH IIa (previously described as Endo 43), and EG V. These enzyme compositions demonstrate an extremely high ability to convert lignocellulosic biomass (e.g., Avicel, cotton, Douglas fir wood pretreated by organosolv) to glucose. CBH Ia and IIb, which both have a cellulose-binding module (CBM) displayed a pronounced synergism with three major endoglucanases (EG II, EG V, EG VI) from the same fungus in hydrolysis of cotton as well as a strong synergy with each other. The enzyme compositions are effective in hydrolysis of the lignocellulosic biomass.
摘要翻译：本发明提供使用新鉴定和分离的C.幸运感酶的新型酶组合物，其包括CBH Ib CBH IIb，EG II，EG VI，葡萄糖苷酶和木聚糖酶II与先前鉴定的酶CBH 1a，CBH IIa（先前描述）作为Endo 43）和EG V.这些酶组合物显示出将木质纤维素生物质（例如，通过有机溶剂预处理的Avicel，棉花，道格拉斯冷杉木材）转化为葡萄糖的极高的能力。两者具有纤维素结合模块（CBM）的CBH 1a和IIb显示出与来自棉花水解的相同真菌的三种主要内切葡聚糖酶（EG II，EG V，EG VI）的显着协同作用，以及与每种其他。酶组合物在木质纤维素生物质的水解中是有效的。

4. 发明授权

US08680252B2 Expression and high-throughput screening of complex expressed DNA libraries in filamentous fungi 有权
标题翻译：丝状真菌中复合表达DNA文库的表达和高通量筛选
公开(公告)号：US08680252B2
公开(公告)日：2014-03-25
申请号：US12518595
申请日：2007-12-10
申请人： Mark A. Emalfarb , Peter J. Punt , Cornelia Van Zeijl , Cornelius Van Den Hondel , Jan Verdoes , Richard P. Burlingame
发明人： Mark A. Emalfarb , Peter J. Punt , Cornelia Van Zeijl , Cornelius Van Den Hondel , Jan Verdoes , Richard P. Burlingame
IPC分类号： C12P1/00 , C12P21/04 , C07H21/02
CPC分类号： C12N15/80 , C07K16/00 , C07K2317/14 , C07K2319/30 , C12N9/58 , C12N15/1082 , C12P21/02 , C12R1/645 , C12Y204/0201 , C12Y401/01023
摘要： The invention provides a method for the expression and subsequent screening of DNA libraries, particularly synthetic, genomic, and cDNA libraries, in filamentous fungal hosts. In particular, the invention provides vectors, host strains, and a method for the expression and screening of complex DNA libraries, including, but not limited to, combinatory (combinatorial) libraries expressing one, two or more variable constituents and/or prepared from two or more sublibraries (e.g., for the expression and screening of immunoglobulin (including fragments and derivatives of whole immunoglobulin proteins) and other receptor or complex DNA libraries or libraries of libraries). The invention is useful for the expression and screening for a large variety of proteins and protein complexes, including human proteins. The present invention also relates to novel fungal protease sequences.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了在丝状真菌宿主中表达和随后筛选DNA文库，特别是合成的，基因组和cDNA文库的方法。特别地，本发明提供了载体，宿主菌株和用于表达和筛选复合DNA文库的方法，包括但不限于表达一种，两种或更多种可变成分和/或由两种或两种以上制备的组合（组合）文库或更多的亚图书馆（例如，用于表达和筛选免疫球蛋白（包括整个免疫球蛋白蛋白的片段和衍生物）和其他受体或复合DNA文库或文库的文库）。本发明可用于表达和筛选大量蛋白质和蛋白质复合物，包括人类蛋白质。本发明还涉及新的真菌蛋白酶序列。

5. 发明申请

US20120030839A1 Expression and High-Throughput Screening of Complex Expressed DNA Libraries in Filamentous Fungi 有权
标题翻译：表达和高通量筛选复合表达的DNA文库在丝状真菌
公开(公告)号：US20120030839A1
公开(公告)日：2012-02-02
申请号：US12518595
申请日：2007-12-10
申请人： Mark A. Emalfarb , Peter J. Punt , Cornelia Van Zeijl , Cornelius Van Den Hondel , Jan Verdoes , Richard P. Burlingame
发明人： Mark A. Emalfarb , Peter J. Punt , Cornelia Van Zeijl , Cornelius Van Den Hondel , Jan Verdoes , Richard P. Burlingame
IPC分类号： A01H5/00 , C12N1/15 , C12N1/14 , C40B50/06 , C40B20/00 , C40B30/00 , C40B30/04 , C12N1/21 , C12N9/58 , C12N15/80 , C12N15/85 , C12N15/81 , C40B10/00 , C40B40/02 , A61K39/00 , C12P21/00 , C07H21/04 , C07K16/40 , C12P21/06 , C12N15/00 , A61P37/04 , C12N15/63
CPC分类号： C12N15/80 , C07K16/00 , C07K2317/14 , C07K2319/30 , C12N9/58 , C12N15/1082 , C12P21/02 , C12R1/645 , C12Y204/0201 , C12Y401/01023
摘要： The invention provides a method for the expression and subsequent screening of DNA libraries, particularly synthetic, genomic, and cDNA libraries, in filamentous fungal hosts. In particular, the invention provides vectors, host strains, and a method for the expression and screening of complex DNA libraries, including, but not limited to, combinatory (combinatorial) libraries expressing one, two or more variable constituents and/or prepared from two or more sublibraries (e.g., for the expression and screening of immunoglobulin (including fragments and derivatives of whole immunoglobulin proteins) and other receptor or complex DNA libraries or libraries of libraries). The invention is useful for the expression and screening for a large variety of proteins and protein complexes, including human proteins. The present invention also relates to novel fungal protease sequences.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了在丝状真菌宿主中表达和随后筛选DNA文库，特别是合成的，基因组和cDNA文库的方法。特别地，本发明提供了载体，宿主菌株和用于表达和筛选复合DNA文库的方法，包括但不限于表达一种，两种或更多种可变成分和/或由两种或两种以上制备的组合（组合）文库或更多的亚图书馆（例如，用于表达和筛选免疫球蛋白（包括整个免疫球蛋白蛋白的片段和衍生物）和其他受体或复合DNA文库或文库的文库）。本发明可用于表达和筛选大量蛋白质和蛋白质复合物，包括人类蛋白质。本发明还涉及新的真菌蛋白酶序列。

6. 发明授权

US08551751B2 BX11 enzymes having xylosidase activity 有权
标题翻译： BX11酶具有木糖苷酶活性
公开(公告)号：US08551751B2
公开(公告)日：2013-10-08
申请号：US12205694
申请日：2008-09-05
申请人： Mark A. Emalfarb , Alexander Vasilievich Gusakov , Peter J. Punt , Jan Cornelis Verdoes , Arkady Panteleimonovich Sinitsyn , Elena Vlasenko , Sandra Wihelmina Agnes Hinz , Mark Gosink , Zhijie Jiang , Jacoba Van der Meij
发明人： Mark A. Emalfarb , Alexander Vasilievich Gusakov , Peter J. Punt , Jan Cornelis Verdoes , Arkady Panteleimonovich Sinitsyn , Elena Vlasenko , Sandra Wihelmina Agnes Hinz , Mark Gosink , Zhijie Jiang , Jacoba Van der Meij
IPC分类号： C12N9/00 , C12N9/02 , C12N1/20 , C12N15/00 , C07H21/04
CPC分类号： C12N9/248 , C07H21/00 , C12N9/2402 , C12N9/2408 , C12N9/2434 , C12N9/2471 , C12Y301/01072 , C12Y302/01023 , C12Y302/01037 , C12Y302/01055 , C12Y302/01139 , C12Y302/01151 , C12Y302/01155 , Y02E50/16 , Y02E50/17
摘要： This invention relates to novel enzymes and novel methods for producing the same. More specifically this invention relates to a variety of fungal enzymes. Nucleic acid molecules encoding such enzymes, compositions, recombinant and genetically modified host cells, and methods of use are described. The invention also relates to a method to convert lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars with enzymes that degrade the lignocellulosic material and novel combinations of enzymes, including those that provide a synergistic release of sugars from plant biomass. The invention also relates to a method to release cellular content by degradation of cell walls. The invention also relates to methods to use the novel enzymes and compositions of such enzymes in a variety of other processes, including washing of clothing, detergent processes, biorefining, deinking and biobleaching of paper and pulp, and treatment of waste streams.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及新型酶及其生产方法。更具体地，本发明涉及各种真菌酶。描述了编码这种酶，组合物，重组和遗传修饰的宿主细胞的核酸分子和使用方法。本发明还涉及将木质纤维素生物质转化成可降解木质纤维素材料的酶和酶的新组合（包括提供来自植物生物质的糖的协同释放的酶）的方法。本发明还涉及通过细胞壁降解释放细胞含量的方法。本发明还涉及在各种其它方法中使用新型酶和这些酶的组合物的方法，包括洗涤衣物，洗涤剂方法，生物精制，纸和纸浆的脱墨和生物漂白以及废物流的处理。

7. 发明授权

US09175296B2 Fungal production system 有权
标题翻译：真菌生产系统
公开(公告)号：US09175296B2
公开(公告)日：2015-11-03
申请号：US13138661
申请日：2010-03-16
申请人： Peter J. Punt , Richard Paul Burlingame , Christine M. Pynnonen , Phillip T. Olson , Jan Wery , Johannes Heinrich Visser , Mark A. Emalfarb , Jacob Visser , Jan Cornelis Verdoes , Jacoba Verdoes
发明人： Peter J. Punt , Richard Paul Burlingame , Christine M. Pynnonen , Phillip T. Olson , Jan Wery , Johannes Heinrich Visser , Mark A. Emalfarb , Jacob Visser , Jan Cornelis Verdoes
IPC分类号： C12P21/00 , C12N15/80 , C12N1/14 , C12N9/12 , C12N9/34 , C12N15/01 , C12P21/02 , C12R1/645 , C12N9/42 , C12N9/24
CPC分类号： C12N15/80 , C12N1/14 , C12N9/1205 , C12N9/2402 , C12N9/2428 , C12N9/2437 , C12N9/2442 , C12N9/248 , C12N15/01 , C12P21/02 , C12Q1/40 , C12R1/645 , C12Y302/01003 , C12Y302/01004 , C12Y302/01006 , C12Y302/01008 , C12Y302/01014 , C12Y302/01015 , C12Y302/01091 , C12Y304/21062 , C12Y304/23025 , G01N2333/93
摘要： The present invention provides a new fungal production system comprising a fungal host strain of Chrysosporium lucknowense wherein the endogenous cellulase secretion is less than 20% of the endogenous cellulase secretion of Chrysosporium lucknowense strain UV 18-25. Preferably, also the secretion of endogenous protease, endogenous β-glucanase and endogenous cellobiohydrolase is less than 20% of the secretion of Chrysosporium lucknowense strain UV 18-25. Furthermore, fungal host strains are provided wherein several genes have been disrupted. According to another aspect of the invention a method for homologous and/or heterologous production of a pure protein with a purity of higher than 75%, comprising expressing a gene encoding said protein in the strains according to the invention have been described. Furthermore, a method for production of artificial protein mixes comprising expressing a gene encoding each of said proteins in a strain according to the invention have been disclosed. Finally a method for simplified screening of strains functionally expressing a desired enzyme by application of said strains have been provided.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种新的真菌生产系统，其包含真菌宿主菌株Chrysosporium lucknowense，其中内源性纤维素酶分泌少于Chrysosporium lucknowense菌株UV18-25的内源性纤维素酶分泌的20％。内源性蛋白酶，内源性葡聚糖酶和内源纤维二糖水解酶的分泌优选小于Chrysosporium lucknowense菌株UV 18-25分泌的20％。此外，提供真菌宿主菌株，其中几个基因已被破坏。根据本发明的另一方面，已经描述了用于纯化高于75％的纯蛋白质的同源和/或异源产生方法，其包括在本发明的菌株中表达编码所述蛋白质的基因。此外，已经公开了生产人造蛋白质混合物的方法，其包括在根据本发明的菌株中表达编码每种所述蛋白质的基因。已经提供了通过应用所述菌株来功能性表达所需酶的菌株的简化筛选的方法。

8. 发明申请

US20120107856A1 New Fungal Production System 有权
标题翻译：新型真菌生产系统
公开(公告)号：US20120107856A1
公开(公告)日：2012-05-03
申请号：US13138661
申请日：2010-03-16
申请人： Peter J. Punt , Richard Paul Burlingame , Christine M. Pynnonen , Phillip T. Olson , Jan Wery , Johannes Heinrich Visser , Mark A. Emalfarb , Jacob Visser , Jan Cormelis Verdoes , Jacoba Verdoes
发明人： Peter J. Punt , Richard Paul Burlingame , Christine M. Pynnonen , Phillip T. Olson , Jan Wery , Johannes Heinrich Visser , Mark A. Emalfarb , Jacob Visser , Jan Cormelis Verdoes , Jacoba Verdoes
IPC分类号： C12Q1/34 , C12N1/15 , C12N15/113 , C12N1/14 , C12P21/00
CPC分类号： C12N15/80 , C12N1/14 , C12N9/1205 , C12N9/2402 , C12N9/2428 , C12N9/2437 , C12N9/2442 , C12N9/248 , C12N15/01 , C12P21/02 , C12Q1/40 , C12R1/645 , C12Y302/01003 , C12Y302/01004 , C12Y302/01006 , C12Y302/01008 , C12Y302/01014 , C12Y302/01015 , C12Y302/01091 , C12Y304/21062 , C12Y304/23025 , G01N2333/93
摘要： The present invention provides a new fungal production system comprising a fungal host strain of Chrysosporium lucknowense wherein the endogenous cellulase secretion is less than 20% of the endogenous cellulase secretion of Chrysosporium lucknowense strain UV 18-25. Preferably, also the secretion of endogenous protease, endogenous β-glucanase and endogenous cellobiohydrolase is less than 20% of the secretion of Chrysosporium lucknowense strain UV 18-25. Furthermore, fungal host strains are provided wherein several genes have been disrupted. According to another aspect of the invention a method for homologous and/or heterologous production of a pure protein with a purity of higher than 75%, comprising expressing a gene encoding said protein in the strains according to the invention have been described. Furthermore, a method for production of artificial protein mixes comprising expressing a gene encoding each of said proteins in a strain according to the invention have been disclosed. Finally a method for simplified screening of strains functionally expressing a desired enzyme by application of said strains have been provided.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种新的真菌生产系统，其包含真菌宿主菌株Chrysosporium lucknowense，其中内源性纤维素酶分泌少于Chrysosporium lucknowense菌株UV18-25的内源性纤维素酶分泌的20％。内源性蛋白酶，内源性葡聚糖酶和内源纤维二糖水解酶的分泌优选小于Chrysosporium lucknowense菌株UV 18-25分泌的20％。此外，提供真菌宿主菌株，其中几个基因已被破坏。根据本发明的另一方面，已经描述了用于纯化高于75％的纯蛋白质的同源和/或异源产生方法，其包括在本发明的菌株中表达编码所述蛋白质的基因。此外，已经公开了生产人造蛋白质混合物的方法，其包括在根据本发明的菌株中表达编码每种所述蛋白质的基因。已经提供了通过应用所述菌株来功能性表达所需酶的菌株的简化筛选的方法。

9. 发明申请

US20090099079A1 Novel Fungal Enzymes 有权
标题翻译：新型真菌酶
公开(公告)号：US20090099079A1
公开(公告)日：2009-04-16
申请号：US12205694
申请日：2008-09-05
申请人： Mark A. Emalfarb , Alexander Vasilievich Gusakov , Peter J. Punt , Jan Cornelis Verdoes , Arkady Panteleimonovich Sinitsyn , Elena Vlasenko , Sandra Wihelmina Agnes Hinz , Mark Gosink , Zhijie Jiang , Jacoba Van der Meij
发明人： Mark A. Emalfarb , Alexander Vasilievich Gusakov , Peter J. Punt , Jan Cornelis Verdoes , Arkady Panteleimonovich Sinitsyn , Elena Vlasenko , Sandra Wihelmina Agnes Hinz , Mark Gosink , Zhijie Jiang , Jacoba Van der Meij
IPC分类号： A61K38/16 , C07H21/00 , C07K14/00 , C07K16/44 , C12N9/42 , C12N15/64 , C12N5/10 , C12N1/15 , C12N1/13 , C12N1/21 , C12P21/00 , C12N9/26 , C12N9/24 , C12N9/20 , C12N9/16 , C12P19/02 , C12P7/04 , C12P7/06 , D06L3/11 , C09B67/42 , C12S11/00 , C11D7/42 , D06Q1/02 , A23K1/165 , A23L1/48 , A61P29/00 , C12N1/06 , C12P13/04 , C12P7/26
CPC分类号： C12N9/248 , C07H21/00 , C12N9/2402 , C12N9/2408 , C12N9/2434 , C12N9/2471 , C12Y301/01072 , C12Y302/01023 , C12Y302/01037 , C12Y302/01055 , C12Y302/01139 , C12Y302/01151 , C12Y302/01155 , Y02E50/16 , Y02E50/17
摘要： This invention relates to novel enzymes and novel methods for producing the same. More specifically this invention relates to a variety of fungal enzymes. Nucleic acid molecules encoding such enzymes, compositions, recombinant and genetically modified host cells, and methods of use are described. The invention also relates to a method to convert lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars with enzymes that degrade the lignocellulosic material and novel combinations of enzymes, including those that provide a synergistic release of sugars from plant biomass. The invention also relates to a method to release cellular content by degradation of cell walls. The invention also relates to methods to use the novel enzymes and compositions of such enzymes in a variety of other processes, including washing of clothing, detergent processes, biorefining, deinking and biobleaching of paper and pulp, and treatment of waste streams.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及新型酶及其生产方法。更具体地，本发明涉及各种真菌酶。描述了编码这种酶，组合物，重组和遗传修饰的宿主细胞的核酸分子和使用方法。本发明还涉及将木质纤维素生物质转化成可降解木质纤维素材料的酶和酶的新组合（包括提供来自植物生物质的糖的协同释放的酶）的方法。本发明还涉及通过细胞壁降解释放细胞含量的方法。本发明还涉及在各种其它方法中使用新型酶和这些酶的组合物的方法，包括洗涤衣物，洗涤剂方法，生物精制，纸和纸浆的脱墨和生物漂白以及废物流的处理。

10. 发明授权

US4281473A Landscaping bed divider 失效
标题翻译：美化床分隔线
公开(公告)号：US4281473A
公开(公告)日：1981-08-04
申请号：US109541
申请日：1980-01-04
申请人： Mark A. Emalfarb , Sy Emalfarb , Donald J. Reum
发明人： Mark A. Emalfarb , Sy Emalfarb , Donald J. Reum
IPC分类号： A01G9/28 , A01G1/08
CPC分类号： A01G1/08
摘要： A landscaping bed divider is disclosed for forming a boundary between adjacent landscaping areas and for preventing grass or the like from rooting between adjacent areas. The divider is formed as an elongated structure having an enlarged upper section, and a flange section extending lengthwise along the upper section and depending downwardly therefrom for insertion in the ground whereby the upper section is located above the top surface of the ground and the flange section forms a barrier between adjacent landscaping areas. Upwardly and outwardly diverging lips are formed integrally with the flange section intermediate the ends thereof for securing the flange section in the ground. The flange section is corrugated above the securing lips and is a plane section below the securing lips. The corrugations define vertical reinforcing ribs on the flange section, and the plane section below the securing ribs defines a lead-in portion to facilitate locating and inserting the divider structure in the ground. Preferably, the entire divider section is integrally extruded of plastic material.
摘要翻译：公开了一种美化床分隔器，用于在相邻的美化区域之间形成边界并防止草等在相邻区域之间生根。分隔件形成为具有扩大的上部的细长结构，以及沿着上部纵向延伸并从其向下并从其向下延伸以用于插入到地面中的凸缘部分，由此上部位于地面的顶表面上方，凸缘部分在相邻景观美化区域之间形成障碍。向上和向外发散的唇缘与其端部之间的凸缘部分一体地形成，以将凸缘部分固定在地面中。凸缘部分在固定唇缘上方是波纹状的，并且是固定唇下方的平面部分。波纹在凸缘部分上限定垂直加强肋，并且固定肋下方的平面部分限定了引入部分，以便于将分隔结构定位并插入到地面中。优选地，整个分隔部分由塑料材料整体挤出。

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