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1. 发明授权

US4359118A Engine system using liquid air and combustible fuel 失效
标题翻译：发动机系统采用液体空气和可燃燃料
公开(公告)号：US4359118A
公开(公告)日：1982-11-16
申请号：US216565
申请日：1980-12-15
申请人： Albert L. Latter , James L. Dooley , R. Philip Hammond
发明人： Albert L. Latter , James L. Dooley , R. Philip Hammond
IPC分类号： B60K3/02 , F01B17/02 , F01B29/10 , F02B41/06 , F01K25/06
CPC分类号： B60K3/02 , F01B17/02 , F01B17/025 , F01B29/10 , F02B41/06
摘要： An engine system operates on liquid air and LNG, with the LNG being burned to obtain more energy from an expansion engine using the liquid air as the working fluid; and the liquid air is employed to trap or prevent the undesired venting of LNG fumes, which could otherwise burn or explode.
摘要翻译：发动机系统对液体空气和LNG进行操作，其中LNG被燃烧以从使用液体空气作为工作流体的膨胀发动机获得更多的能量; 采用液体空气来捕集或防止LNG烟雾的不期望的排放，否则会燃烧或爆炸。

2. 发明授权

US4442065A Retrofittable nuclear reactor core catcher 失效
标题翻译：可升级的核反应堆核心捕手
公开(公告)号：US4442065A
公开(公告)日：1984-04-10
申请号：US211519
申请日：1980-12-01
申请人： Albert L. Latter , R. Philip Hammond , James L. Dooley
发明人： Albert L. Latter , R. Philip Hammond , James L. Dooley
IPC分类号： G21C9/016 , G21C9/00
CPC分类号： G21C9/016 , Y02E30/40
摘要： A passive "core catcher" is provided for preventing the escape of radiation in the unlikely event of a major failure of a nuclear reactor by melt-down of the core. The "core-catcher" structure includes a narrow vertically downwardly extending isolation tube, and aligned narrow heat-exchange structure forming a chilled wall crucible in which the molten uranium oxide forms a container for itself including a "frozen" or solid layer of uranium oxide adjacent the heat exchanger wall. A passive cooling system may include a water tower adjacent the above-ground reactor structure, which dissipates heat from the core-catcher heat exchanger, and from within the above-ground reactor structure by a second local heat exchanger.
摘要翻译：提供了一种被动的“核心捕手”，用于通过核心熔化来防止核反应堆发生主要故障的罕见情况下辐射的逃逸。 “夹心器”结构包括窄的垂直向下延伸的隔离管，以及形成冷却的壁坩埚的对准的窄热交换结构，其中熔融氧化铀自身形成包含“冷冻”或固体铀氧化物的容器邻近热交换器壁。被动冷却系统可以包括邻近地上反应器结构的水塔，其从核心 - 捕集器热交换器中消散热量，并且通过第二局部热交换器从地下反应器结构内释放热量。

3. 发明授权

US4354565A Engine system using liquid air and combustible fuel 失效
标题翻译：发动机系统采用液体空气和可燃燃料
公开(公告)号：US4354565A
公开(公告)日：1982-10-19
申请号：US73894
申请日：1979-09-10
申请人： Albert L. Latter , R. Philip Hammond , James L. Dooley
发明人： Albert L. Latter , R. Philip Hammond , James L. Dooley
IPC分类号： B60K3/02 , F01B17/02 , F01B29/10 , F02B41/06 , F01K25/06
CPC分类号： F01B17/02 , B60K3/02 , F01B17/025 , F01B29/10 , F02B41/06
摘要： An automobile engine runs on liquid air plus a small amount of solid or liquid fossil fuel. The liquid is an efficient method of storing the energy of liquefaction. To get extended range and use of energy effectively some fuel is used to increase the temperature of this gas before it is introduced into the expansion engine. Two methods of using this fuel may be employed--one burns fuel internally in the expansion engine cylinders essentially at constant volume so a liquid form of the fossil fuel must be used; while the second method heats the gaseous working medium at constant pressure external from the expansion engine in a furnace so it can burn a wide range of either liquid or solid fossil fuels.With either system of operation the air/nitrogen as liquid is pumped at the rate of use from the insulated cold storage container up to high intial operation pressure (about 200 atmospheres) then passes through heat exchangers to bring it up to the intial temperature for expansion. Since the liquid and gas is at very low temperature (77.degree. Kelvin - 196.degree. C., - 320.degree. F.) much of this heating energy can be drawn from the ambient air and surrounding equipment. In either system each expansion stage utilizes a properly sized reciprocating piston in a cylinder with exhaust valving and variable cutoff inlet valving (for efficient torque and speed variation). Pistons from all of the several expansion stages are coupled to a common power output.These engine exhaust gases may be employed to warm the intially cold high pressure liquid air in a counter-current heat exchanger.
摘要翻译：汽车发动机运行在液体空气加少量固体或液体化石燃料。液体是储存液化能量的有效方法。为了获得更广泛的使用范围和使用能源，一些燃料用于在引入膨胀发动机之前提高这种气体的温度。可以采用两种使用这种燃料的方法 - 一种在膨胀发动机气缸内部基本上以恒定的体积燃烧燃料，因此必须使用液体形式的化石燃料; 而第二种方法在炉内从膨胀发动机外部以恒定压力加热气态工作介质，因此它可以燃烧各种液体或固体化石燃料。对于任何一种操作系统，空气/氮气作为液体以绝缘冷藏容器的使用速率泵送到高的初始操作压力（约200大气压），然后通过热交换器使其达到初始温度以进行膨胀。由于液体和气体处于非常低的温度（77°开尔文 - 196°C， - 320°F），这种加热能量的大部分可以从环境空气和周围设备中抽出。在任一系统中，每个膨胀段都使用具有排气阀和可变截流入口阀（具有有效的扭矩和速度变化）的圆柱体中适当大小的往复活塞。来自所有几个扩展级的活塞都耦合到公共功率输出。这些发动机废气可用于在逆流热交换器中加热冷却的高压液体空气。

4. 发明授权

US4226294A Engine system using liquid air and combustible fuel 失效
标题翻译：发动机系统采用液体空气和可燃燃料
公开(公告)号：US4226294A
公开(公告)日：1980-10-07
申请号：US958056
申请日：1978-11-06
申请人： Albert L. Latter , R. Philip Hammond , James L. Dooley
发明人： Albert L. Latter , R. Philip Hammond , James L. Dooley
IPC分类号： B60K3/02 , F01B17/02 , F01B29/10 , F02B41/06 , F01K25/06
CPC分类号： B60K3/02 , F01B17/02 , F01B17/025 , F01B29/10 , F02B41/06
摘要： An automobile engine runs on liquid air and gasoline. The liquid air is initially pumped up to a high pressure such as 200 atmospheres (or 200 bars) and is then warmed toward the ambient temperature in a heat exchange and changes to the gaseous state. Subsequently, it is permitted to expand, doing useful work on a piston or other known type of expansion engine. The gas is then passed through an additional heat exchanger where heat is absorbed from the ambient, and is combined with a small amount of fuel such as gasoline. The gasoline is ignited, under constant volume conditions thereby bringing the pressure back up to approximately 200 bars and at a temperature in the order of 1200 degrees. The gas is then allowed to expand in a cylinder containing an additional piston, and as a final cycle, additional fuel is added and ignited, and the resultant gases expand to drive an additional piston and provide further power to the engine. The pistons may all be coupled together to supply power to a single output drive shaft in the manner of an air motor. The exhaust gases are employed to warm the high pressure liquid air in a counter-current heat exchanger where exposure to moist ambient air would cause excessive ice buildup.
摘要翻译：汽车发动机运行在液体空气和汽油上。液体空气最初被泵送到高压，例如200个大气压（或200巴），然后在热交换下朝着环境温度加热并变为气态。随后，允许扩展，在活塞或其他已知类型的膨胀发动机上进行有用的工作。然后将气体通过另外的热交换器，其中热量从环境中吸收，并与少量燃料如汽油组合。汽油在恒定体积条件下被点燃，从而将压力恢复到约200巴，温度为1200度左右。然后允许气体在包含附加活塞的气缸中膨胀，并且作为最后循环，添加额外的燃料并点燃，并且所产生的气体膨胀以驱动附加活塞并向发动机提供进一步的动力。活塞可以全部联接在一起，以空气马达的方式向单个输出驱动轴提供动力。废气用于对逆流热交换器中的高压液体空气进行加热，其中暴露于潮湿的环境空气将引起过度的积冰。

5. 发明授权

US4216745A Unthrottled lean mixture gasoline engine 失效
标题翻译：无节制的混合汽油发动机
公开(公告)号：US4216745A
公开(公告)日：1980-08-12
申请号：US949764
申请日：1978-10-10
申请人： Albert L. Latter , R. Philip Hammond , James L. Dooley
发明人： Albert L. Latter , R. Philip Hammond , James L. Dooley
IPC分类号： F02B1/04 , F02B3/02 , F02B19/12 , F02B21/00 , F02B47/00 , F02B75/12 , F02B23/10 , F02F1/24
CPC分类号： F02B3/02 , F02B19/12 , F02B21/00 , F02B47/00 , F02B1/04 , F02B2075/125 , Y02T10/12 , Y02T10/121 , Y02T10/125
摘要： A gasoline internal combustion engine is operated at all times with a full charge of air and is thus unthrottled. At low power levels for such an engine, the ratio of gasoline to air is too lean for normal combustion; therefore, special arrangements are provided by this invention for ensuring combustion. These special arrangements, which may be used together, singly, or in any combination, include (1) the formation of droplets of gasoline within the cylinder, with each gasoline droplet having around it a zone that is within the combustible range, and the provision of a spark that will ingite the combustible zone around at least a few droplets and will then propagate to other droplets; (2) the provision of a series of compartments separated by partitions at the top of a cylinder and supplying a combustible charge and ignition to a variable number of the compartments, depending on the power desired; (3) the use of either or other similar ignition-enhancing material to cause combustion despite a very lean mixture. Another feature of the invention improves the efficiency of the above provisions by maintaining the walls of the cylinder cool by employing porous walls and air at high pressure filtering through the walls into the piston chamber.
摘要翻译：汽油内燃机始终在充满空气的情况下运行，因此是无节制的。在这种发动机的低功率水平下，汽油与空气的比例对于正常燃烧来说太弱了; 因此，本发明提供了用于确保燃烧的特殊装置。这些可以一起使用或单独使用的特殊装置包括（1）在汽缸内形成汽油液滴，每个汽油液滴在其周围具有处于可燃范围内的区域，并且提供的火花，其将引燃可燃区域至少几个液滴，然后将传播到其他液滴; （2）根据所需的功率，提供一系列隔间，隔室位于气缸顶部，并向可变数量的隔室提供可燃的电荷并点火; （3）使用任何一种或其他类似的点火增强材料，尽管有非常稀的混合物，也会引起燃烧。本发明的另一个特征通过使用多孔壁和通过壁进入活塞室的高压过滤空气来保持气缸壁的冷却来提高上述设备的效率。

6. 发明授权

US4458577A Acceleration apparatus with annular projectile accelerated thereby 失效
标题翻译：加速环形弹丸加速装置
公开(公告)号：US4458577A
公开(公告)日：1984-07-10
申请号：US942943
申请日：1978-09-18
申请人： George P. Fisher , Albert L. Latter
发明人： George P. Fisher , Albert L. Latter
IPC分类号： F41B6/00 , F41F1/02
CPC分类号： F41B6/00 , Y10S505/88
摘要： A high power source of electrical energy, such as a homopolar generator, is connected to a longitudinally extending coaxial structure which forms a gun barrel. Within the gun barrel toward the end to which the power supply is connected is mounted a coaxial projectile, or several projectiles, in engagement with one or more movable conductive elements, that extend between the two longitudinally extending conductors. The homopolar generator is switched to apply on the order of a megajoule of energy to the coaxial structure, and after being delayed for a short interval until the current has built up to a significant level, the conductive element is accelerated with the projectile as a result of the magnetic pressure building up within the coaxial structure. Velocities on the order of 2 kilometers per second with kilogram mass projectiles may be achieved with a gun barrel approximately one meter in length.
摘要翻译：诸如同极发电机的电能的高功率源连接到形成枪管的纵向延伸的同轴结构。在连接电源的端部的枪管内安装有同轴的射弹或几个射弹，其与一个或多个可移动的导电元件接合，该可移动的导电元件在两个纵向延伸的导体之间延伸。将同极发电机切换为对同轴结构施加大量能量，并且在延迟一段短暂的时间间隔直到电流达到很高水平之后，导弹元件就随着射弹的加速而加速在同轴结构内积累的磁力。大约2公里每秒的速度与千克质量弹丸的速度可以用长达一米长的枪管实现。

7. 发明授权

US4246477A Artificial and solar lighting system 失效
标题翻译：人造和太阳能照明系统
公开(公告)号：US4246477A
公开(公告)日：1981-01-20
申请号：US943048
申请日：1978-09-18
申请人： Albert L. Latter
发明人： Albert L. Latter
IPC分类号： E04D13/03 , F21S2/00 , F21S11/00 , F21S19/00 , F21V33/00
CPC分类号： F21S2/00 , F21S11/00 , F21S19/005 , E04D2013/034 , F21Y2103/00
摘要： A sunlight collector, containing a Fresnel lens, is mounted on the roof of a building and tracks the sun during daylight hours. A concentrated beam of sunlight is directed through a light transmission channel to locations within the building where the light is distributed. The transmission channel utilizes a focusing lens for further concentrating the solar beam, refocusing lenses for correcting divergences in the beam, reflectors for redirecting the beam, and beam splitters for distributing the beam into light fixtures located throughout the interior of the building. The light fixtures contain filters for controlling the intensity and spectral content of the incoming beam, and optical elements for dispersing the beam. Additionally, the fixture contains rigidly mounted fluorescent tubes, providing artificial light, which are automatically energized when the solar light is insufficient for lighting purposes. A diffusing element is used for uniformly radiating both the artificial and the dispersed solar light from the fixture into the building interior.
摘要翻译：包含菲涅耳透镜的阳光收集器安装在建筑物的屋顶上，并在白天时间追踪太阳。集中的太阳光束通过光传输通道被引导到建筑物内分布光的地方。传输通道利用聚焦透镜来进一步集中太阳能光束，重新聚焦透镜以校正光束中的分歧，用于重定向光束的反射器和用于将光束分布到位于建筑物整个内部的灯具的分束器。灯具包含用于控制入射光束的强度和光谱含量的滤光器以及用于分散光束的光学元件。另外，灯具包含刚性安装的荧光管，提供人造光，当太阳光不足以照明时，它们自动通电。漫射元件用于将人造和分散的太阳能光从固定装置均匀地照射到建筑物内部。

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