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1. 发明授权

US07899930B1 Integration of an operative standalone router into a multi-chassis router 有权
标题翻译：将操作的独立路由器集成到多机架路由器中
公开(公告)号：US07899930B1
公开(公告)日：2011-03-01
申请号：US12028455
申请日：2008-02-08
申请人： Steve W. Turner , Sriram Raghunathan , Jeffrey M. DiNapoli , Umesh Krishnaswamy , Anurag P. Gupta
发明人： Steve W. Turner , Sriram Raghunathan , Jeffrey M. DiNapoli , Umesh Krishnaswamy , Anurag P. Gupta
IPC分类号： G06F15/173 , H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L49/45 , H04L49/10 , H04L49/65
摘要： A standalone router is integrated into a multi-chassis router. Integrating the standalone router into a multi-chassis router requires replacing switch cards in the standalone router with multi-chassis switch cards. The multi-chassis switch cards forward packets to a central switch card chassis for routing within the multi-chassis router. By incrementally replacing standalone switch cards with multi-chassis switch cards in the standalone router, packet forwarding performance is maintained during the integration.
摘要翻译：独立路由器集成到多机架路由器中。将独立路由器集成到多机架路由器中需要使用多机箱交换机卡替换独立路由器中的交换机卡。多机箱交换机将数据包转发到中央交换机卡机箱，以便在多机架路由器内进行路由。通过在独立路由器中逐渐更换多机箱交换机卡的独立交换机卡，在集成过程中保持数据包转发性能。

2. 发明授权

US07051367B1 Dynamically controlling packet processing 有权
标题翻译：动态控制数据包处理
公开(公告)号：US07051367B1
公开(公告)日：2006-05-23
申请号：US09854810
申请日：2001-05-14
申请人： Umesh Krishnaswamy , Balakrishna Raghunath
发明人： Umesh Krishnaswamy , Balakrishna Raghunath
IPC分类号： G06F11/30 , G06F15/16
CPC分类号： H04L47/10 , H04L47/266 , H04L47/32 , H04L63/1458
摘要： A router includes a detection module to detect a presence of the network attack, such as a denial of service (DOS) attack. The detection module may, for example, include counters indicating a number of packets processed for various network protocols supported by the router. The detection module enables a rate-limiting operating mode for the router when one or more of the counters exceed a protocol-specific threshold. Under normal traffic levels, the router receives inbound packets using interrupt-driven service routines. When a network attack is detected, however, the router dynamically switches modes and processes the packets using a finely controlled software process. This allows the software process to control the computing resources allocated to servicing packets during a network attack, thereby reserving sufficient resources for lower priority software processes to process the packets and service other tasks.
摘要翻译：路由器包括检测模块，用于检测网络攻击的存在，例如拒绝服务（DOS）攻击。检测模块可以例如包括指示针对由路由器支持的各种网络协议处理的分组数量的计数器。当一个或多个计数器超过协议特定的阈值时，检测模块启用路由器的限速操作模式。在正常流量级别下，路由器使用中断驱动的服务例程接收入站数据包。然而，当检测到网络攻击时，路由器会使用精细控制的软件进程动态切换模式并处理数据包。这允许软件过程在网络攻击期间控制分配给服务分组的计算资源，从而为较低优先级的软件进程保留足够的资源来处理数据包和服务其他任务。

3. 发明授权

US06918110B2 Dynamic instrumentation of an executable program by means of causing a breakpoint at the entry point of a function and providing instrumentation code 有权
标题翻译：通过在功能的入口处产生断点并提供检测代码来动态地对可执行程序进行检测
公开(公告)号：US06918110B2
公开(公告)日：2005-07-12
申请号：US09833248
申请日：2001-04-11
申请人： Robert Hundt , Vinodha Ramasamy , Eric Gouriou , David J. Babcock , Thomas C. Lofgren , Jose German Rivera , Umesh Krishnaswamy
发明人： Robert Hundt , Vinodha Ramasamy , Eric Gouriou , David J. Babcock , Thomas C. Lofgren , Jose German Rivera , Umesh Krishnaswamy
IPC分类号： G06F9/44 , G06F9/45 , G06F11/36
CPC分类号： G06F11/3612 , G06F11/3664
摘要： Method and apparatus for dynamic instrumentation of an executable application program. The application program includes a plurality of functions, each function having an entry point and an endpoint. When the application is executed, a shared memory segment is created for an instrumentation program and the application program. Upon initial invocation of the original functions in the application program, corresponding substitute functions are created in the shared memory segment, the substitute versions including instrumentation code. Thereafter, the substitute functions are executed in lieu of the original functions in the application program.
摘要翻译：用于可执行应用程序的动态仪表的方法和装置。应用程序包括多个功能，每个功能具有入口点和端点。执行应用程序时，将为仪器程序和应用程序创建共享内存段。在应用程序中初始调用原始函数后，在共享内存段中创建相应的替代函数，替代版本包括检测代码。此后，替代功能代替应用程序中的原始功能。

4. 发明授权

US06308318B2 Method and apparatus for handling asynchronous exceptions in a dynamic translation system 有权
标题翻译：在动态翻译系统中处理异步异常的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06308318B2
公开(公告)日：2001-10-23
申请号：US09167284
申请日：1998-10-07
申请人： Umesh Krishnaswamy
发明人： Umesh Krishnaswamy
IPC分类号： G06F945
CPC分类号： G06F9/542 , G06F2209/481
摘要： A method and apparatus for handling asynchronous exceptions in a dynamic translation system. In accordance with the present invention, the dynamic translation system utilizes an interpreter to determine when a point in the translated code has been reached at which application state is recoverable. When an asynchronous event occurs, execution of translated instructions in hardware is halted and control is transferred to the interpreter at the point at which the exception occurred during the translation. The interpreter then executes the translated code from the point of interruption and checks for a guaranteed application state recoverable point, or GAR point, at the end of each instruction or block of instructions. Once a GAR point is reached, control is transferred to an asynchronous exception handler. Since control is only transferred to the interpreter once an asynchronous exception has occurred, overhead relating to the handling of asynchronous exceptions is only incurred when an asynchronous exception is actually pending.
摘要翻译：一种在动态翻译系统中处理异步异常的方法和装置。根据本发明，动态翻译系统利用解释器来确定何时可以在哪个应用程序状态可恢复转换的代码点。当异步事件发生时，在硬件中执行转换的指令被停止，并且控制在转换过程中发生异常的时刻传送到解释器。然后，解释器从中断点执行转换的代码，并在每个指令或指令块的末尾检查保证的应用程序状态可恢复点或GAR点。一旦达到GAR点，控制将传输到异步异常处理程序。由于一旦发生异步异常，控制只转移到解释器，所以与异步异常处理有关的开销仅在异步异常实际挂起时才产生。

5. 发明申请

US20110013508A1 NON-STOP FORWARDING IN A MULTI-CHASSIS ROUTER 有权
标题翻译：在多重路由器路由器中不停止转发
公开(公告)号：US20110013508A1
公开(公告)日：2011-01-20
申请号：US12889209
申请日：2010-09-23
申请人： Raj Tuplur , Bharani Chadalavada , Manoj Apte , Rajagopalan Sivaramakrishnan , Sriram Raghunathan , Umesh Krishnaswamy
发明人： Raj Tuplur , Bharani Chadalavada , Manoj Apte , Rajagopalan Sivaramakrishnan , Sriram Raghunathan , Umesh Krishnaswamy
IPC分类号： H04L12/26
CPC分类号： H04L45/00 , H04L45/58 , H04L45/60
摘要： State information is synchronized between a plurality of routing engines in a multi-chassis router according to a synchronization gradient. An example multi-chassis router is described that includes a primary routing engine and a standby routing engine in each chassis. According to the synchronization gradient, the primary routing engine of a control node updates state information on the standby routing engine of the control node prior to updating the primary routing engines of the other chassis. The primary routing engines of the other chassis update state information in respective standby routing engines prior to updating state information in consumers. If a primary routing engine fails, the corresponding standby routing engine assumes control of the primary routing engine's duties. Upon assuming control, a standby routing engine resumes updating state information without having to resend state information or interrupt packet forwarding.
摘要翻译：根据同步梯度，状态信息在多机架路由器中的多个路由引擎之间同步。描述了一种示例性多机架路由器，其包括每个机架中的主路由引擎和备用路由引擎。根据同步梯度，控制节点的主路由引擎在更新另一机箱的主路由引擎之前更新控制节点的备用路由引擎上的状态信息。另一个机箱的主要路由引擎在更新消费者中的状态信息之前，在相应的备用路由引擎中更新状态信息。如果主路由引擎发生故障，则相应的备用路由引擎将控制主路由引擎的任务。在进行控制时，备用路由引擎恢复更新状态信息，而不必重新发送状态信息或中断分组转发。

6. 发明授权

US07720061B1 Distributed solution for managing periodic communications in a multi-chassis routing system 有权
标题翻译：用于管理多机架路由系统中定期通信的分布式解决方案
公开(公告)号：US07720061B1
公开(公告)日：2010-05-18
申请号：US11506426
申请日：2006-08-18
申请人： Umesh Krishnaswamy , Nitin Bahadur , Rahul Aggarwal
发明人： Umesh Krishnaswamy , Nitin Bahadur , Rahul Aggarwal
IPC分类号： H04L12/28 , H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L45/00 , H04L45/28 , H04L45/58 , H04L45/60
摘要： Techniques are described for configuration of a multi-chassis router for managing periodic communications between the multi-chassis router and other network devices. The multi-chassis router selectively processes data received from a network by determine whether the data: (1) indicates an operational state of a network device in association with a routing protocol, or (2) conveys routing information for the routing protocol. Data conveying routing information are processed by a master routing component of the multi-chassis router, while data indicating an operational state of a network device are processed by one or more slave routing components of the multi-chassis router. The techniques also allow the multi-chassis router to allocate responsibility for managing periodic communications for the set of routing protocols among a plurality of hierarchically arranged cooperative routing components within the multi-chassis router, such as switch card chassis, line card chassis, or interface cards within each line card chassis.
摘要翻译：描述了用于配置用于管理多机架路由器和其他网络设备之间的周期性通信的多机架路由器的技术。多机架路由器通过确定数据是否有选择地处理从网络接收的数据：（1）指示与路由协议相关联的网络设备的操作状态，或者（2）传送用于路由协议的路由信息。数据传送路由信息由多机架路由器的主路由部件处理，而指示网络设备的操作状态的数据由多机架路由器的一个或多个从属路由组件处理。这些技术还允许多机架路由器分配负责管理多机架路由器内的多个分层布置的协作路由组件中的路由协议集合的周期性通信，诸如交换机卡机箱，线路卡机箱或接口每个线卡机箱内的卡。

7. 发明授权

US06817014B2 Analysis of executable program code using compiler-generated function entry points and endpoints with other sources of function entry points and endpoints 有权
标题翻译：使用编译器生成的函数入口点和具有其他功能入口点和端点源的端点来分析可执行程序代码
公开(公告)号：US06817014B2
公开(公告)日：2004-11-09
申请号：US09833249
申请日：2001-04-11
申请人： Robert Hundt , Vinodha Ramasamy , Jose German Rivera , Umesh Krishnaswamy
发明人： Robert Hundt , Vinodha Ramasamy , Jose German Rivera , Umesh Krishnaswamy
IPC分类号： G06F945
CPC分类号： G06F11/3612
摘要： Method and apparatus for analysis of executable program code. The executable program includes segments of code that correspond to callable functions in the source code from which the executable code was generated. Compiler-generated checkpoint descriptors are included in the executable and include pairs of entry points and endpoints. Each pair of entry points and endpoints is associated with a callable function in the source code. The pairs of entry points and endpoints are read from the executable program code and used to generate analysis data for the associated functions. In other embodiments, pairs of entry points and endpoints are additionally assembled from dynamic load modules and symbol tables.
摘要翻译：用于分析可执行程序代码的方法和装置。可执行程序包括对应于生成可执行代码的源代码中的可调用函数的代码段。编译器生成的检查点描述符包含在可执行文件中，并包括入口点和端点对。每对入口点和端点与源代码中的可调用函数相关联。从可执行程序代码中读取入口点和端点对，并用于生成相关函数的分析数据。在其他实施例中，还从动态加载模块和符号表中组合入口点和端点对。

8. 发明授权

US06735774B1 Method and apparatus for system call management 失效
标题翻译：用于系统呼叫管理的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06735774B1
公开(公告)日：2004-05-11
申请号：US09694746
申请日：2000-10-23
申请人： Umesh Krishnaswamy
发明人： Umesh Krishnaswamy
IPC分类号： G06F900
CPC分类号： G06F11/3636 , G06F11/366
摘要： Method and apparatus for managing operating system calls. In a computer system that includes a system vector and a first vector table, an alternative vector table is provided. The first vector table includes references to respective segments of operating system program code that are associated with operating system calls, and the alternative vector table includes references to one or more respective segments of wrapper program code associated with segments of operating, system program code. The system vector is set to reference the first vector table or the alternative vector table at selected times during execution of a user program. Thus, segments of operating system code are executed in response to operating system calls made when the system vector references the first vector table, and segments of code referenced in the alternative vector table are executed when the system vector references the alternative vector table.
摘要翻译：用于管理操作系统呼叫的方法和装置。在包括系统向量和第一向量表的计算机系统中，提供了替代向量表。第一向量表包括对与操作系统调用相关联的操作系统程序代码的各个段的引用，并且替代向量表包括对与操作段的系统程序代码相关联的一个或多个相关段的包装程序代码的引用。系统向量被设置为在用户程序执行期间的选定时间引用第一向量表或替代向量表。因此，响应于当系统向量引用第一向量表时进行的操作系统调用来执行操作系统代码的段，并且当系统向量引用替代向量表时，执行替代向量表中引用的代码段。

9. 发明授权

US08799511B1 Synchronizing state information between control units 有权
标题翻译：同步控制单元之间的状态信息
公开(公告)号：US08799511B1
公开(公告)日：2014-08-05
申请号：US12814198
申请日：2010-06-11
申请人： Raghunath Balakrishna , Shine-chu Wang , Umesh Krishnaswamy , Bharani Chadalavada , Sandeep Kumar , Raj Tuplur , Rajagopalan Sivaramakrishnan
发明人： Raghunath Balakrishna , Shine-chu Wang , Umesh Krishnaswamy , Bharani Chadalavada , Sandeep Kumar , Raj Tuplur , Rajagopalan Sivaramakrishnan
IPC分类号： G06F15/173
CPC分类号： G06F11/2097 , G06F11/2038 , H04L12/66
摘要： Techniques are described for synchronizing state information between a plurality of control units. A router, for example, is described that includes a primary control unit and a standby control unit. The primary control unit maintains router resources to ensure operation of the router. To ensure operation, the primary control unit receives state information from the router resources and maintains the state information for consumers, i.e. router resources that require or “consume” state information. Prior to updating the consumers with the state information, the primary control unit synchronizes the state information with the standby control unit. In the event the primary control unit fails, the standby control unit assumes control of the router resources. Upon assuming control, the standby control unit resumes updating the consumers with state information without having to “relearn” state information, e.g., by way of power cycling the router resources to a known state.
摘要翻译：描述了用于使多个控制单元之间的状态信息同步的技术。描述了路由器，其包括主控制单元和备用控制单元。主控单元维护路由器资源，确保路由器的运行。为了确保操作，主控制单元从路由器资源接收状态信息并维护消费者的状态信息，即需要或“消耗”状态信息的路由器资源。在使用状态信息更新消费者之前，主控制单元将状态信息与待机控制单元同步。在主控单元发生故障的情况下，备用控制单元承担路由器资源的控制。在进行控制时，备用控制单元通过状态信息恢复消费者的更新，而不必例如通过将路由器资源的功率循环到已知状态来“重新学习”状态信息。

10. 发明授权

US08483048B2 Non-stop forwarding in a multi-chassis router 有权
标题翻译：在多机箱路由器中不间断转发
公开(公告)号：US08483048B2
公开(公告)日：2013-07-09
申请号：US12889209
申请日：2010-09-23
申请人： Raj Tuplur , Bharani Chadalavada , Manoj Apte , Rajagopalan Sivaramakrishnan , Sriram Raghunathan , Umesh Krishnaswamy
发明人： Raj Tuplur , Bharani Chadalavada , Manoj Apte , Rajagopalan Sivaramakrishnan , Sriram Raghunathan , Umesh Krishnaswamy
IPC分类号： G06F11/00
CPC分类号： H04L45/00 , H04L45/58 , H04L45/60
摘要： State information is synchronized between a plurality of routing engines in a multi-chassis router according to a synchronization gradient. An example multi-chassis router is described that includes a primary routing engine and a standby routing engine in each chassis. According to the synchronization gradient, the primary routing engine of a control node updates state information on the standby routing engine of the control node prior to updating the primary routing engines of the other chassis. The primary routing engines of the other chassis update state information in respective standby routing engines prior to updating state information in consumers. If a primary routing engine fails, the corresponding standby routing engine assumes control of the primary routing engine's duties. Upon assuming control, a standby routing engine resumes updating state information without having to resend state information or interrupt packet forwarding.
摘要翻译：根据同步梯度，状态信息在多机架路由器中的多个路由引擎之间同步。描述了一种示例性多机架路由器，其包括每个机架中的主路由引擎和备用路由引擎。根据同步梯度，控制节点的主路由引擎在更新另一机箱的主路由引擎之前更新控制节点的备用路由引擎上的状态信息。另一个机箱的主要路由引擎在更新消费者中的状态信息之前，在相应的备用路由引擎中更新状态信息。如果主路由引擎发生故障，则相应的备用路由引擎将控制主路由引擎的任务。在进行控制时，备用路由引擎恢复更新状态信息，而不必重新发送状态信息或中断分组转发。

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