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    • 2. 发明授权
    • Optical refrigerator using reflectivity tuned dielectric mirrors
    • 使用反射率调谐电介质镜的光学冰箱
    • US6041610A
    • 2000-03-28
    • US289419
    • 1999-04-09
    • Bradley C. EdwardsMelvin I. BuchwaldRichard I. Epstein
    • Bradley C. EdwardsMelvin I. BuchwaldRichard I. Epstein
    • F25B23/00G02B7/18H01S3/00H01S3/04F25D23/00
    • F25B23/003F25B23/00G02B7/1815H01S3/0007H01S3/04H01S3/0408
    • Optical refrigerator using reflectivity-tuned dielectric mirrors. Selected working materials can be optically pumped using monochromatic radiation such that the resulting fluorescence has an average photon energy higher than that of the pumping radiation; that is, net anti-Stokes fluorescence. If the quantum efficiency is sufficiently high, the working material will cool and optical refrigeration can be achieved. Parallel mirrored faces are employed to increase the optical path of the incident pumping radiation within the working material by multiple reflections. Reflectivity-tuned dielectric mirrors which allow higher-energy fluorescence photons to readily escape from the working material while inhibiting the escape of the lower-energy photons which are consequently partially trapped in the working material and ultimately reabsorbed and refluoresced at higher energies are employed. This increases the optical refrigerator efficiency. An efficient geometry for the cooling material is a disk having a large diameter and a small height, since the fluorescence can predominantly escape through the tuned mirror on one end face of the working material. An alternative cooling element could be approximately cubic with tuned mirrors on the sides as well as on one end. In another embodiment of the invention, photocells are used to convert escaping fluorescence energy into electricity, thereby reducing the power requirements of the optical refrigerator and reducing the amount of waste that must be removed from the vicinity of the working material.
    • 使用反射率调谐电介质镜的光学冰箱。 所选择的工作材料可以使用单色辐射进行光泵浦,使得所得荧光的平均光子能量高于泵浦辐射的平均光子能量; 那就是净反斯托克斯荧光。 如果量子效率足够高,则工作材料将冷却并且可以实现光学制冷。 采用平行镜面以通过多次反射来增加工作材料内的入射泵浦辐射的光路。 反射率调谐的电介质反射镜允许更高能量的荧光光子容易地从工作材料逸出,同时抑制低能量光子的逸出,因此部分地被捕获在工作材料中并且最终在较高能量下被再吸收和反射。 这提高了光学冰箱的效率。 用于冷却材料的有效几何形状是具有大直径和小高度的盘,因为荧光可以主要通过工作材料的一个端面上的调谐反射镜逃逸。 替代的冷却元件可以是近似立方体,在侧面以及一端具有调整的反射镜。 在本发明的另一个实施例中,光电池用于将荧光能量转换成电能,从而降低光学冰箱的功率需求并减少必须从工作材料附近去除的废物量。
    • 5. 发明申请
    • ELECTROCALORIC REFRIGERATOR AND MULTILAYER PYROELECTRIC ENERGY GENERATOR
    • 电动冷冻机和多层次光电能发电机
    • US20100037624A1
    • 2010-02-18
    • US12354436
    • 2009-01-15
    • Richard I. EPSTEINKevin J. Malloy
    • Richard I. EPSTEINKevin J. Malloy
    • F25B21/00B23P15/00H05K7/20F28F7/00H02N11/00
    • H01L37/02F25B21/00F25B2321/001Y02B30/66Y10T29/49359
    • In accordance with the invention, there are electrocaloric devices, pyroelectric devices and methods of forming them. A device which can be a pyroelectric energy generator or an electrocaloric cooling device, can include a first reservoir at a first temperature and a second reservoir at a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is higher than the first temperature. The device can also include a plurality of liquid crystal thermal switches disposed between the first reservoir and the second reservoir and one or more active layers disposed between the first reservoir and the second reservoir, such that each of the one or more active layers is sandwiched between two liquid crystal thermal switches. The device can further include one or more power supplies to apply voltage to the plurality of liquid crystal thermal switches and the one or more the active layers.
    • 根据本发明,有电热装置,热电装置和形成它们的方法。 可以是热电能发生器或电热冷却装置的装置可以包括在第一温度下的第一储存器和在第二温度下的第二储存器,其中第二温度高于第一温度。 该装置还可以包括设置在第一储存器和第二储存器之间的多个液晶热开关和设置在第一储存器和第二储存器之间的一个或多个有源层,使得一个或多个有源层中的每一个夹在 两个液晶热开关。 该装置还可以包括一个或多个电源以向多个液晶热开关和一个或多个有源层施加电压。
    • 6. 发明申请
    • ELECTROCALORIC REFRIGERATOR AND MULTILAYER PYROELECTRIC ENERGY GENERATOR
    • 电动冷冻机和多层次光电能发电机
    • US20100175392A1
    • 2010-07-15
    • US12557988
    • 2009-09-11
    • Kevin J. MalloyRichard I. Epstein
    • Kevin J. MalloyRichard I. Epstein
    • F25B21/02F28F27/00F25D25/00H05K7/20
    • F25B21/00F25B2321/001H01L37/02Y02B30/66
    • Provided are electrocaloric devices, pyroelectric devices and methods of forming them. A device which can be a pyroelectric energy generator or an electrocaloric cooling device, can include a first single-layer heat engine having a first side configured to be in contact with a first reservoir and a second side configured to be in contact with a second reservoir, wherein the first reservoir comprises a fluid. The device can also include a second single-layer heat engine having a first side in contact with the first reservoir and a second side in contact with a third reservoir and a channel disposed between the first single-layer heat engine and the second single-layer heat engine, the channel configured to transport the fluid from a first end to a second end. The device can further include one or more power supplies configured to apply voltages to the first and the second single-layer heat engine.
    • 提供了电热装置,热电装置和形成它们的方法。 可以是热电能发生器或电热冷却装置的装置可以包括第一单层热机,其具有构造成与第一储存器接触的第一侧和被配置为与第二储存器接触的第二侧 ,其中所述第一储存器包括流体。 该装置还可以包括具有与第一储存器接触的第一侧的第二单层热机和与第三储存器接触的第二侧和设置在第一单层热机和第二单层热机之间的通道 热引擎,通道构造成将流体从第一端输送到第二端。 该装置还可以包括被配置为向第一和第二单层热机施加电压的一个或多个电源。
    • 7. 发明申请
    • Electrocaloric Refrigerator and Multilayer Pyroelectric Energy Generator
    • 电动冰箱和多层热电发电机
    • US20130074900A1
    • 2013-03-28
    • US13665907
    • 2012-10-31
    • Richard I EPSTEINKevin J. MALLOY
    • Richard I EPSTEINKevin J. MALLOY
    • H01L37/02F25B21/00
    • H01L37/02F25B21/00F25B2321/001Y02B30/66Y10T29/49359
    • In accordance with the invention, there are electrocaloric devices, pyroelectric devices and methods of forming them. A device which can be a pyroelectric energy generator or an electrocaloric cooling device, can include a first reservoir at a first temperature and a second reservoir at a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is higher than the first temperature. The device can also include a plurality of liquid crystal thermal switches disposed between the first reservoir and the second reservoir and one or more active layers disposed between the first reservoir and the second reservoir, such that each of the one or more active layers is sandwiched between two liquid crystal thermal switches. The device can further include one or more power supplies to apply voltage to the plurality of liquid crystal thermal switches and the one or more the active layers.
    • 根据本发明,有电热装置,热电装置和形成它们的方法。 可以是热电能发生器或电热冷却装置的装置可以包括在第一温度下的第一储存器和在第二温度下的第二储存器,其中第二温度高于第一温度。 该装置还可以包括设置在第一储存器和第二储存器之间的多个液晶热开关和设置在第一储存器和第二储存器之间的一个或多个有源层,使得一个或多个有源层中的每一个夹在 两个液晶热开关。 该装置还可以包括一个或多个电源以向多个液晶热开关和一个或多个有源层施加电压。