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    • 3. 发明授权
    • Continuous method of manufacturing chlorine-free tetraalkoxysilanes
    • 连续制造无氯四烷氧基硅烷的方法
    • US06191296B1
    • 2001-02-20
    • US09245301
    • 1999-02-05
    • Uwe DittrichFrank StedingReinhard Mueller
    • Uwe DittrichFrank StedingReinhard Mueller
    • C07F708
    • C07F7/045
    • Chlorine-free tetraalkoxysilanes of formula (I) (R1O)4Si  (I) wherein R1 is, independently in each instance, an unbranched, branched, and/or cyclic C1-6 hydrocarbon group is continuously manufactured by a process, comprising: reacting metallic silicon powder with a monohydric alcohol in the presence of a basic catalyst comprising a mixture of: (a) at least one compound of formula (II) [R2O—(R3O)m]nSi)OR1)4-n  (II) (b) at least one compound of formula (III) R2O—(R3O)m—M, and  (III) (c) at least one compound of formula (IV) R2O—(R3O)m—H  (IV) wherein R1 is as defined above; R2 represents, independently in each instance, a C1-10 hydrocarbon group, or hydrogen; R3 represents, independently in each instance, a C1-4 hydrocarbon group; M represents an alkali metal selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, and K; m is zero or a number in the range of 1-20; and n is zero or a number in the range of 1-4; further comprising: charging said catalyst in advance to a continuously operating reactor to which at elevated temperature is also continuously added metallic silicon powder and the alcohol; and then separating the reaction mixture in a first column, in which gaseous hydrogen is discharged from the top, high-boiling catalyst is returned to the reaction mixture in said reactor, and low-boiling components are sent to a second separation column in which the tetraalkoxysilanes of formula (I) are separated, and low-boiling alcohol(s) present is/are returned to the reactor.
    • 其中R1各自独立地为非支链,支链和/或环状C 1-6烃基的式(I)的无氯四烷氧基硅烷通过以下方法连续制备,该方法包括:使金属硅粉与一元醇反应 存在碱性催化剂,其包含以下混合物:(a)至少一种式(II)化合物(b)至少一种式(III)化合物(c)至少一种式(IV)化合物,其中R 1为 如上所定义; R 2各自独立地表示C 1-10烃基或氢; R 3各自独立地表示C 1-4烃基; M表示选自Li, Na和K; m为零或1-20范围内的数字; andn为零或1-4的范围内的数字; 进一步包括:将所述催化剂预先装入连续操作的反应器中,在高温下也连续加入金属硅粉和醇; 然后将反应混合物分离在第一塔中,其中将气体氢从顶部排出,高沸点催化剂返回到所述反应器中的反应混合物中,并将低沸点组分送至第二分离塔,其中四烷氧基硅烷 的式(I)的化合物分离,并且存在的低沸点醇被返回到反应器中。
    • 4. 发明授权
    • Integrated full bridge circuit with four transistors
    • 具有四个晶体管的集成全桥电路
    • US06157239A
    • 2000-12-05
    • US468372
    • 1999-12-20
    • Wolfgang HorchlerReinhard Mueller
    • Wolfgang HorchlerReinhard Mueller
    • H02M7/5387H03K17/66H03K17/56
    • H02M7/5387H03K17/663H01L2924/0002
    • An integrated full bridge circuit includes four transistors divided into two series-connected pairs of transistors each forming a half bridge circuit. Resistor elements each connect a respective one of the pairs of transistors to a reference potential. Other resistor elements are each connected to a respective one of two separate supply terminals inside a housing. Each of the other resistor elements is connected to one of the transistors of a respective one of the pairs of transistors at a junction. Driver transistors each have a load path with two connections and a type complementary to the transistors connected to the other resistor elements. One of the connections is connected upstream of the control terminal of a respective one of the transistors connected to the other resistor elements. The other of the connections in each of the half bridge circuits is connected to the junction in the other of the half bridge circuits. The advantage is power loss reduction.
    • 集成的全桥电路包括分为两个串联连接的晶体管对的四个晶体管,每个晶体管形成半桥电路。 电阻元件将每对晶体管中的相应一个连接到参考电位。 其他电阻元件各自连接到壳体内的两个单独的供电端子中的相应一个。 其他电阻元件中的每一个在一个结处连接到晶体管对中的一个晶体管中的一个晶体管。 驱动晶体管各自具有带有两个连接的负载路径和与连接到其它电阻器元件的晶体管互补的类型。 其中一个连接被连接到连接到其它电阻器元件的晶体管的相应一个的控制端子的上游。 每个半桥电路中的另一个连接连接到另一半桥电路中的结。 优点是减少功率损耗。
    • 6. 发明授权
    • Valve stem retainer
    • 阀杆固定器
    • US3938484A
    • 1976-02-17
    • US471185
    • 1974-05-20
    • Reinhard Mueller
    • Reinhard Mueller
    • F01L3/10
    • F01L3/10
    • A valve stem retainer provides improved frictional engagement between the retainer segments and the valve stem. The retainer includes a pair of retainer lock segments, each of the segments having a radius of curvature less than the radius of curvature of the valve stem on which the segments are installed. The segments are expanded by deformation elastically into conformity with the valve stem and when so installed, provide tight frictional engagement with the valve stem. The segments define, in a first position on the valve stem, a pair of diametrically opposed gaps along a portion of the periphery of the valve stem. For the improved results of the present invention, it was found that the ratio of the width of the pair of gaps to the radius of the valve stem should be carefully controlled.
    • 阀杆保持器提供了保持器节段和阀杆之间的改进的摩擦接合。 保持器包括一对保持器锁定段,每个段具有小于其上安装段的阀杆的曲率半径的曲率半径。 通过弹性变形使节段膨胀成与阀杆一致,并且当这样安装时,与阀杆提供紧密的摩擦接合。 这些段在阀杆的第一位置限定沿着阀杆的周边部分的一对直径相对的间隙。 为了本发明的改进结果,发现应该仔细地控制一对间隙的宽度与阀杆的半径的比率。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Recovering clock and frame information from data stream
    • 从数据流恢复时钟和帧信息
    • US07324560B2
    • 2008-01-29
    • US10603123
    • 2003-06-24
    • Reinhard Mueller
    • Reinhard Mueller
    • H04L12/56
    • H04J3/0605
    • A method for transmitting a digital data stream includes recovery of data clock information and data frame information from the digital data stream. The method includes providing a digital data stream having successive data stream units. Each data stream unit includes a data frame, a data block having data bits, and a frame synchronization word having frame synchronization bits. Successive frame synchronization words of the successive data stream units are then detected and data clock information is determined from a temporal spacing of the successive frame synchronization words. The data clock information is then output in a manner dependent on a temporal spacing of successive frame synchronization bits.
    • 用于发送数字数据流的方法包括从数字数据流中恢复数据时钟信息和数据帧信息。 该方法包括提供具有连续数据流单元的数字数据流。 每个数据流单元包括数据帧,具有数据位的数据块和具有帧同步位的帧同步字。 然后检测连续数据流单元的连续帧同步字,并根据连续帧同步字的时间间隔确定数据时钟信息。 然后以取决于连续帧同步位的时间间隔的方式输出数据时钟信息。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Method for determining the rate of rotation
    • 确定旋转速率的方法
    • US5995211A
    • 1999-11-30
    • US27906
    • 1998-02-23
    • Reinhard MuellerGert Trommer
    • Reinhard MuellerGert Trommer
    • G01C19/72G01N21/00
    • G01C19/725
    • A method and apparatus for determining a rate of rotation uses a fiber-optic gyro which has a 3.times.3-coupler. A first channel of the coupler is optically connected on one side with a light source and on the other side with a first photo element; and the two other channels are optically connected on one side with a fiber coil and on the other side with a second and third photo element respectively. A depolarizer is arranged at least between the light source and the 3.times.3-coupler or at one end of the fiber coil; alternatively, the fiber coil has a polarization-maintaining fiber. An electronic signal processing system is used to determine a temperature-related value, independent of the rate of rotation, for damping of the fiber coil and of the 3.times.3-coupler, based on the signals of the three photo elements and from temperature-dependent coefficients determined by calibration. Then the rate of rotation is computed based on the signals of the three photo elements, the temperature-dependent coefficients and the computed, temperature-related value for the damping.
    • 用于确定旋转速率的方法和装置使用具有3×3耦合器的光纤陀螺仪。 耦合器的第一通道在一侧与光源光学连接,另一侧与第一光电元件光学连接; 并且另一个通道在一侧与光纤线圈光学连接,另一侧分别与第二和第三照相元件光学连接。 至少在光源和3×3耦合器之间或纤维线圈的一端处布置消偏振器; 或者,光纤线圈具有偏振保持光纤。 电子信号处理系统用于基于三个光元件的信号和温度依赖系数来确定与光纤线圈和3x3耦合器的阻尼无关的与旋转速率无关的温度相关值 通过校准确定。 然后,基于三个光元件的信号,温度依赖系数和计算的阻尼温度相关值来计算旋转速率。