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1. 发明授权

US4694167A Double pulsed time-of-flight mass spectrometer 失效
标题翻译：双脉冲飞行时间质谱仪
公开(公告)号：US4694167A
公开(公告)日：1987-09-15
申请号：US802841
申请日：1985-11-27
申请人： Marvin G. Payne , Norbert Thonnard , George S. Hurst
发明人： Marvin G. Payne , Norbert Thonnard , George S. Hurst
IPC分类号： H01J49/14 , H01J49/16 , H01J49/40
CPC分类号： H01J49/0463
摘要： An improved method of operating a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. This method, which involves double pulsing, achieves an increase in the resolution of TOF mass spectrometers by compensating for the energy spread of the species extracted from the source and thus the time spread of ions of a specific mass arriving at a detector. According to this improved method, atoms (or molecules) for analysis are rapidly removed from a surface at a first well defined time. These atoms or molecules are then rapidly ionized at a location or region a distance, R, from the surface at a second well defined time after a selected time delay, T.sub.o. The resultant ions first move through a region of uniform electric field of a distance, S.sub.1, and then into a field-free region having a length, S.sub.2, Lastly, ions leaving the field-free region enter a short high energy accelerating region so as to impinge upon an ion detector. The output signal of the detector, as a function of arrival time, is an indication of the mass distribution of the ions and thus the analysis of the atoms or molecules. A proper choice of the uniform electric field and parameters R, S.sub. 1, S.sub.2 and T.sub.o provide compensation for the energy spread of ionized species and thus a reduction in time spread of ions at the detector. Certain special cases for enhanced resolution are described, as well as operation of the TOF according to the improved method to achieve atom enrichment of a specific mass.
摘要翻译：一种操作飞行时间质谱仪的改进方法。这种涉及双脉冲的方法通过补偿从源提取的物质的能量扩散，从而实现了到达检测器的特定质量的离子的时间扩散，从而提高了TOF质谱仪的分辨率。根据这种改进的方法，用于分析的原子（或分子）在第一明确定义的时间从表面快速去除。然后这些原子或分子在选定的时间延迟To之后的第二井定义时间的距离表面的位置或区域处快速离子化。所得到的离子首先通过一定距离的均匀电场S1移动，然后进入具有长度S2的无场区域。最后，离开无场区的离子进入短的高能量加速区域，以便撞击离子检测器。作为到达时间的函数的检测器的输出信号是离子的质量分布的指示，并且因此分析原子或分子。均匀电场和参数R，S 1，S2 + L和为了提供电离物质的能量扩散的补偿，从而减少了检测器处离子的时间扩散，这是一个合适的选择。描述了一些特殊的增强分辨率的特殊情况，以及根据改进方法来实现特定质量的原子富集的TOF的操作。

2. 发明授权

US4658135A Method and apparatus for sensitive atom counting with high isotopic selectivity 失效
标题翻译：具有高同位素选择性的敏感原子计数的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4658135A
公开(公告)日：1987-04-14
申请号：US776598
申请日：1985-09-16
申请人： Steve L. Allman , Norbert Thonnard , George S. Hurst
发明人： Steve L. Allman , Norbert Thonnard , George S. Hurst
IPC分类号： H01J49/16 , H01J49/26
CPC分类号： H01J49/164
摘要： Method and apparatus for determining small quantities of specific atoms with isotopic selectivity. According to the method described herein, atoms are rapidly released from an atom bank containing the same, and are then converted to ions utilizing resonance ionization as achieved with photon beams having specific wave lengths. These ions are extracted from the ionization region and are accelerated and implanted into a second atom bank. For further selectivity, the atoms are then rapidly released from the second bank, ionized with another photon beam of selected wave length to provide ionization of the desired species, with these ions then being extracted, subjected to acceleration, and implanted into the first atom bank. Typically the number of electrons emitted from the atom banks during implantation is used as a measure of the number of atoms of the selected species. In the preferred embodiments, a combination of mass selectivity by ionization together with a mass separator provides for the most rapid and most sensitive method for determining a small quantity of atoms in the presence of a large quantity of atoms.
摘要翻译：用同位素选择性测定少量特定原子的方法和装置。根据本文所述的方法，原子从含有该原子的原子团迅速释放，然后利用具有特定波长的光子束实现的共振电离将其转化为离子。这些离子从电离区域中提取出来，并被加速并植入第二原子库。为了进一步的选择性，原子然后从第二组中快速释放，用另一个选定波长的光子束离子化，以提供所需物质的电离，然后将这些离子提取，进行加速并注入第一原子团。通常，在植入期间从原子库发射的电子的数量用作所选物种的原子数量的量度。在优选的实施方案中，通过电离的质量选择性与质量分离器的组合提供了在大量原子存在下确定少量原子的最快速和最灵敏的方法。

3. 发明授权

US4699751A Neutron dosimeter 失效
标题翻译：中子剂量计
公开(公告)号：US4699751A
公开(公告)日：1987-10-13
申请号：US544531
申请日：1983-10-24
申请人： G. Samuel Hurst , Harold W. Schmitt , Norbert Thonnard , Tom J. Whitaker
发明人： G. Samuel Hurst , Harold W. Schmitt , Norbert Thonnard , Tom J. Whitaker
IPC分类号： G01T3/00 , G21C17/00
CPC分类号： G21C17/00 , G01T3/00
摘要： A dosimeter which incorporates new methods for determining neutron dose. Less than one millirad of dose due to neutrons of all energies down to approximately 10.sup.3 eV can be measured, and the response can be adjusted by design of the dosimeter. The dosimeter utilizes the sputtering of material from a target due to the action of the neutrons and measuring of the amount of sputtered material to determine the dose. The sputtered material may be, for example, a noble gas or an inert solid. Various radiator materials can be included to interact with the neutrons so that the resulting charged particles control the sputtering process and hereby increase the sensitivity of the dosimeter. The target material can be, for example, noble-gas-impregnated polycrystalline or amorphous metals. The sputtered material is analyzed using resonance ionization spectroscopy, sputter-initiated resonance ionization spectroscopy or other methods to determine its quantity and hence the neutron dose. Applications include, but are not limited to, personnel neutron dosimetry and stationary neutron monitors.
摘要翻译：一种剂量计，其包含用于确定中子剂量的新方法。可以测量由于所有能量的中子降至约103eV的剂量小于1毫升，并且响应可以通过剂量计的设计来调节。剂量计利用来自靶的材料的溅射，由于中子的作用并且测量溅射的材料的量以确定剂量。溅射的材料可以是例如惰性气体或惰性固体。可以包括各种散热器材料以与中子相互作用，使得所得的带电粒子控制溅射工艺，从而增加剂量计的灵敏度。目标材料可以是例如贵金属气体浸渍的多晶或非晶金属。使用共振电离光谱法，溅射引发的共振电离光谱法或其他方法分析溅射的材料以确定其量并因此确定中子剂量。应用包括但不限于人员中子剂量测定法和固定中子监测仪。

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