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1. 发明授权

US3987302A Resonance ionization for analytical spectroscopy 失效
标题翻译：用于分析光谱的共振电离
公开(公告)号：US3987302A
公开(公告)日：1976-10-19
申请号：US608377
申请日：1975-08-27
申请人： George S. Hurst , Marvin G. Payne , Edward B. Wagner
发明人： George S. Hurst , Marvin G. Payne , Edward B. Wagner
IPC分类号： B01D59/34 , G01N24/00 , G01N27/64 , B01D59/44
CPC分类号： G01N24/006 , B01D59/34 , G01N27/64
摘要： This invention relates to a method for the sensitive and selective analysis of an atomic or molecular component of a gas. According to this method, the desired neutral component is ionized by one or more resonance photon absorptions, and the resultant ions are measured in a sensitive counter. Numerous energy pathways are described for accomplishing the ionization including the use of one or two tunable pulsed dye lasers.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及对气体的原子或分子成分的敏感和选择性分析的方法。根据该方法，通过一个或多个共振光子吸收将期望的中性成分电离，并在敏感计数器中测量所得离子。描述了许多能量途径来实现电离，包括使用一个或两个可调脉冲染料激光器。

2. 发明授权

US5204528A System for determining health risk due to radon progeny and uses thereof 失效
标题翻译：用于确定由氡子代产生的健康风险的系统及其用途
公开(公告)号：US5204528A
公开(公告)日：1993-04-20
申请号：US667434
申请日：1991-03-11
申请人： George S. Hurst , Harvel A. Wright , Philip K. Hopke
发明人： George S. Hurst , Harvel A. Wright , Philip K. Hopke
IPC分类号： G01T1/178 , G01T1/185 , G01T7/04
CPC分类号： G01T1/178 , G01T1/185 , G01T7/04 , Y10S250/02
摘要： A system for determining the health risk, due to alpha emitters attached to particles of various sizes, these alpha emitters being due to the level of radon, to persons within an environment where radon may be present. In one embodiment, a sample of air is passed through a filter element having a collection characteristic such that essentially all particulate material, with their associated radon progeny, is removed from the air. The alpha particles emitted by the decay of these radon progeny are detected with an appropriate alpha particle spectrometer. The realtime resolving of the energies of individual of the daughter atoms permits a determination of the working level or PAEC associated with the radon. In those instances where lung dose is to be determined, the filter element has two portions. The first portion is designed to remove particles in a manner like that which occurs in the human nasal passage. The second portion of the filter element is designed to simulate the collection of particles by the lungs. An analysis of the energies of the alphas emitted from the radon progeny collected on the second portion is used to compute the lung dose. Either of the embodiments can be used to provide a signal that would be used for the operation of any radon mitigation equipment associated with the environment. Other uses for the resultant signals are discussed.
摘要翻译：一种用于确定健康风险的系统，由于附着于各种尺寸的颗粒的α发射体，这些α发射体是由于氡水平而导致氡气可能存在的环境中的人。在一个实施方案中，空气样品通过具有收集特性的过滤元件，使得基本上所有的颗粒物质及其相关联的氡子代从空气中除去。用适当的α粒子光谱仪检测由这些氡子代衰变发射的α粒子。实时分辨子女原子的能量允许确定与氡相关的工作水平或PAEC。在要确定肺剂量的情况下，过滤元件有两部分。第一部分被设计成以类似在人鼻通道中出现的方式去除颗粒。过滤元件的第二部分被设计成模拟肺部收集的颗粒。使用从第二部分收集的氡子代发射的阿尔法能量的分析来计算肺部剂量。可以使用任一实施例来提供将用于与环境相关联的任何氡减缓设备的操作的信号。讨论了结果信号的其他用途。

3. 发明授权

US5026986A Radon monitor and control system based upon alpha particle detection 失效
标题翻译：基于α粒子检测的氡监测和控制系统
公开(公告)号：US5026986A
公开(公告)日：1991-06-25
申请号：US364209
申请日：1989-06-09
申请人： George S. Hurst
发明人： George S. Hurst
IPC分类号： G01T1/178
CPC分类号： G01T1/178 , Y10S250/02
摘要： A system for monitoring or controlling the level of radon in indoor air, based upon measuring alpha particles due to the decay of radon or its daughter atoms. In one embodiment, the alpha particle decay of radon itself is detected and analyzed to control a vent in the heating and air conditioning system to automatically keep the radon level below a preselected level. In another embodiment, the daughter atoms .sup.218 Po and .sup.214 Po are collected from the indoor air and their alpha particle decays are analyzed to provide a sensitive monitor of radon levels or to control vents in the HVAC system to reduce radon concentrations to permissible levels. In addition, the system provides information on the quality of the air filter and indicates when it needs servicing.
摘要翻译：基于由于氡或其子原子衰变而测量α粒子，监测或控制室内空气中氡水平的系统。在一个实施例中，检测和分析氡本身的α粒子衰减，以控制加热和空调系统中的通风口，以将氡气水平自动保持在预选的水平以下。在另一个实施方案中，从室内空气中收集子原子218Po和214Po，并且分析其α粒子衰变以提供氡气水平的敏感监测器或控制HVAC系统中的通风口以将氡浓度降低到允许的水平。此外，系统提供有关空气过滤器质量的信息，并指出需要维修的时间。

4. 发明授权

US4931653A Ionizing radiation detector system 失效
标题翻译：电离辐射探测器系统
公开(公告)号：US4931653A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-05
申请号：US207723
申请日：1988-06-16
申请人： Robert N. Hamm , Scott R. Hunter , George S. Hurst , James E. Turner , Harvel A. Wright
发明人： Robert N. Hamm , Scott R. Hunter , George S. Hurst , James E. Turner , Harvel A. Wright
IPC分类号： G01T1/29
CPC分类号： G01T1/2935
摘要： An optical ionizing radiation detector system (10) for determining the three-dimensional spatial distribution of all of the secondary electrons produced by the passage of ionizing radiation through a selected gas is provided. The detector system (10) can be used over a wide range of particle energies and gas pressures. The ionizing radiation passing through the gas produces prompt fluorescence and secondary electrons. A coincidence detector (30) recognizes coincident events of prompt fluorescence in the gas contained within that chamber to initialize the system cycle. At that time, an AC electric field is generated by an R.F. pulse generator (40) to localize the secondary electrons proximate their respective positions of production. Cameras (42) and 42'), preferably of a digital type, produce an image of the localized electrons to determine their three-dimensional spatial positions. After such positions are determined, a unidirectional electric field is generated by clearing power supply (36) for clearing all charges from the gas chamber.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于确定通过选定气体通过电离辐射产生的所有二次电子的三维空间分布的光电离辐射探测器系统（10）。检测器系统（10）可以在宽范围的粒子能量和气体压力下使用。通过气体的电离辐射产生迅速的荧光和二次电子。符合检测器（30）识别包含在该室内的气体中的快速荧光的重合事件以初始化系统周期。此时，由R.F.产生交流电场。脉冲发生器（40），用于将二次电子定位在其相应的生产位置附近。相机（42）和42'）优选地是数字类型，产生局部电子的图像以确定它们的三维空间位置。在确定这样的位置之后，通过清除用于从气室清除所有电荷的电源（36）产生单向电场。

5. 发明授权

US4694167A Double pulsed time-of-flight mass spectrometer 失效
标题翻译：双脉冲飞行时间质谱仪
公开(公告)号：US4694167A
公开(公告)日：1987-09-15
申请号：US802841
申请日：1985-11-27
申请人： Marvin G. Payne , Norbert Thonnard , George S. Hurst
发明人： Marvin G. Payne , Norbert Thonnard , George S. Hurst
IPC分类号： H01J49/14 , H01J49/16 , H01J49/40
CPC分类号： H01J49/0463
摘要： An improved method of operating a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. This method, which involves double pulsing, achieves an increase in the resolution of TOF mass spectrometers by compensating for the energy spread of the species extracted from the source and thus the time spread of ions of a specific mass arriving at a detector. According to this improved method, atoms (or molecules) for analysis are rapidly removed from a surface at a first well defined time. These atoms or molecules are then rapidly ionized at a location or region a distance, R, from the surface at a second well defined time after a selected time delay, T.sub.o. The resultant ions first move through a region of uniform electric field of a distance, S.sub.1, and then into a field-free region having a length, S.sub.2, Lastly, ions leaving the field-free region enter a short high energy accelerating region so as to impinge upon an ion detector. The output signal of the detector, as a function of arrival time, is an indication of the mass distribution of the ions and thus the analysis of the atoms or molecules. A proper choice of the uniform electric field and parameters R, S.sub. 1, S.sub.2 and T.sub.o provide compensation for the energy spread of ionized species and thus a reduction in time spread of ions at the detector. Certain special cases for enhanced resolution are described, as well as operation of the TOF according to the improved method to achieve atom enrichment of a specific mass.
摘要翻译：一种操作飞行时间质谱仪的改进方法。这种涉及双脉冲的方法通过补偿从源提取的物质的能量扩散，从而实现了到达检测器的特定质量的离子的时间扩散，从而提高了TOF质谱仪的分辨率。根据这种改进的方法，用于分析的原子（或分子）在第一明确定义的时间从表面快速去除。然后这些原子或分子在选定的时间延迟To之后的第二井定义时间的距离表面的位置或区域处快速离子化。所得到的离子首先通过一定距离的均匀电场S1移动，然后进入具有长度S2的无场区域。最后，离开无场区的离子进入短的高能量加速区域，以便撞击离子检测器。作为到达时间的函数的检测器的输出信号是离子的质量分布的指示，并且因此分析原子或分子。均匀电场和参数R，S 1，S2 + L和为了提供电离物质的能量扩散的补偿，从而减少了检测器处离子的时间扩散，这是一个合适的选择。描述了一些特殊的增强分辨率的特殊情况，以及根据改进方法来实现特定质量的原子富集的TOF的操作。

6. 发明授权

US4658135A Method and apparatus for sensitive atom counting with high isotopic selectivity 失效
标题翻译：具有高同位素选择性的敏感原子计数的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4658135A
公开(公告)日：1987-04-14
申请号：US776598
申请日：1985-09-16
申请人： Steve L. Allman , Norbert Thonnard , George S. Hurst
发明人： Steve L. Allman , Norbert Thonnard , George S. Hurst
IPC分类号： H01J49/16 , H01J49/26
CPC分类号： H01J49/164
摘要： Method and apparatus for determining small quantities of specific atoms with isotopic selectivity. According to the method described herein, atoms are rapidly released from an atom bank containing the same, and are then converted to ions utilizing resonance ionization as achieved with photon beams having specific wave lengths. These ions are extracted from the ionization region and are accelerated and implanted into a second atom bank. For further selectivity, the atoms are then rapidly released from the second bank, ionized with another photon beam of selected wave length to provide ionization of the desired species, with these ions then being extracted, subjected to acceleration, and implanted into the first atom bank. Typically the number of electrons emitted from the atom banks during implantation is used as a measure of the number of atoms of the selected species. In the preferred embodiments, a combination of mass selectivity by ionization together with a mass separator provides for the most rapid and most sensitive method for determining a small quantity of atoms in the presence of a large quantity of atoms.
摘要翻译：用同位素选择性测定少量特定原子的方法和装置。根据本文所述的方法，原子从含有该原子的原子团迅速释放，然后利用具有特定波长的光子束实现的共振电离将其转化为离子。这些离子从电离区域中提取出来，并被加速并植入第二原子库。为了进一步的选择性，原子然后从第二组中快速释放，用另一个选定波长的光子束离子化，以提供所需物质的电离，然后将这些离子提取，进行加速并注入第一原子团。通常，在植入期间从原子库发射的电子的数量用作所选物种的原子数量的量度。在优选的实施方案中，通过电离的质量选择性与质量分离器的组合提供了在大量原子存在下确定少量原子的最快速和最灵敏的方法。

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