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1. 发明授权

US6100973A Methods and apparatus for performing microanalytical techniques using photolithographically fabricated substrates having narrow band optical emission capability 失效
标题翻译：使用具有窄带光发射能力的光刻制造的衬底进行微量分析技术的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US6100973A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-08
申请号：US59276
申请日：1998-04-13
申请人： Nabil M. Lawandy
发明人： Nabil M. Lawandy
IPC分类号： H01S3/10 , A61B17/22 , A61N5/06 , C40B60/14 , D06F93/00 , G01N21/01 , G01N21/63 , G07D7/12 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/0941 , H01S3/14 , H01S3/16 , H01S3/20 , H01S3/213 , H01S5/00 , H01S5/04 , H01S5/30 , G01N1/10
CPC分类号： A61N5/0601 , A61N5/062 , D06F93/00 , G01N21/01 , G01N21/63 , G07D7/122 , G07D7/124 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/14 , B01J2219/00317 , B01J2219/00659 , B01J2219/00707 , C40B60/14 , H01S3/0941 , H01S3/1636 , H01S3/168 , H01S3/20 , H01S3/213 , H01S5/041 , H01S5/30
摘要： A substrate (10) has a surface (10A) containing at least one photolithographically defined feature (12, 14A, 14B) for containing a gas or fluid of interest. The substrate further includes at least one region (10B) containing a selected optical gain medium in combination with scattering particles or sites for generating light having a desired wavelength in response to a pump source, such as a laser (20) or a lamp. The at least one region is optically coupled to the at least one photolithographically defined feature for illuminating a portion of the sample with the light having the desired wavelength. The substrate may be comprised of a glass, a polymer, or a semiconductor. In one embodiment at least one optical waveguide (16) is formed in the substrate for conveying light from the pump source to the region containing the gain medium and scatterers. In further embodiments of this invention the pump source can be integrated into the substrate as a laser diode (18A), as may at least one photodetector (18B) for detecting a presence of light emitted by or transmitted through the sample in response to said light having the desired wavelength. Wavelength encoded features can also provided on a sample plate and subsequently identified, as can beads used in combinatorial chemistry and other applications.
摘要翻译：衬底（10）具有包含至少一个用于容纳感兴趣的气体或流体的光刻特征（12,14A，14B）的表面（10A）。衬底还包括至少一个区域（10B），该区域（10B）包含响应于诸如激光器（20）或灯的泵浦源的具有期望波长的光的散射粒子或场所的组合的所选择的光学增益介质。所述至少一个区域光学耦合到所述至少一个光刻定义的特征，用于利用具有期望波长的光照射样品的一部分。基底可以由玻璃，聚合物或半导体构成。在一个实施例中，至少一个光波导（16）形成在基板中，用于将来自泵浦源的光传送到包含增益介质和散射体的区域。在本发明的另外的实施例中，泵浦源可以作为激光二极管（18A）集成到衬底中，如至少一个光电检测器（18B），用于响应于所述光来检测由样品发射或透射的光的存在具有所需的波长。波长编码的特征也可以提供在样品板上并随后被鉴定，以及组合化学和其它应用中使用的珠子。

2. 发明授权

US6047964A Scratch card, and method and apparatus for validation of the same 失效
标题翻译：刮卡及其验证方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US6047964A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-11
申请号：US52657
申请日：1998-03-31
申请人： Nabil M Lawandy , John Moon
发明人： Nabil M Lawandy , John Moon
IPC分类号： A63F3/06 , B41M3/00 , B41M5/124 , B41M5/145 , B41M5/155 , B41M5/26 , G07D7/12 , G07D7/14
CPC分类号： G07D7/124 , A63F3/0685 , B41M3/005 , B41M5/26 , B42D25/318 , B42D25/378 , G07D7/14 , A63F2250/423 , B41M5/124 , B41M5/145 , B41M5/1555 , B42D2033/20 , B42D2035/34 , Y10S283/901 , Y10S283/903
摘要： An improved scratch card instant lottery ticket includes micro-encapsulated chemical reactants which, when released, irreversibly form one of a visual color change or a fluorescence signature at a location of the card. Both the visual color change and fluorescence signature indicate that the location has been played. Scratch cards are also marked to indicate that they have been read. Cards are marked by either automatically activating chemical reactants to form a visual color and a fluorescence signature, heating a thermofluorescent material to alter a fluorescence signature, or applying a heat-responsive material to the scratch card in such that when the identification code is read, an altered material is detected. Also taught are a method and apparatus for evaluating the scratch card to determine which locations on the card have been played. The evaluation method includes the steps of: (A) directing over at least two angles a beam of light emitted from a light source to impinge on a location of the card; (B) detecting for each of the at least two angles a component of the beam of light as it leaves the location; (C) measuring scattering angles for the location from the components detected leaving the location over the at least two angles; and (D) comparing the scattering angles of the location to a predetermined threshold, and when the angles exceed the threshold identifying the location as unplayed.
摘要翻译：改进的刮刮卡即时彩票包括微胶囊化学反应物，其在释放时不可逆地形成卡的位置处的视觉颜色变化或荧光特征之一。视觉颜色变化和荧光签名均表明该位置已被播放。刮卡也被标记为表示它们已被读取。卡被自动激活化学反应物以形成视觉颜色和荧光特征，加热热荧光材料以改变荧光特征，或者将热响应材料施加到刮刮卡上，使得当识别码被读取时，检测到改变的材料。还教导了用于评估刮刮卡以确定卡上的哪些位置已被播放的方法和装置。评估方法包括以下步骤：（A）从光源发射的光束至少两个角度引导到卡的位置; （B）当所述光束离开所述位置时，检测所述至少两个角度中的每个角度; （C）从所检测到的部件离开所述位置测量位于所述至少两个角度上的位置的散射角; 以及（D）将所述位置的散射角与预定阈值进行比较，以及当所述角度超过所述阈值时，将所述位置识别为未被播放。

3. 发明申请

US20030108074A1 Optically-based methods and apparatus for performing sorting, coding and authentication using a gain medium that provides a narrowband emission 有权
标题翻译：用于使用提供窄带发射的增益介质执行排序，编码和认证的基于光学的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20030108074A1
公开(公告)日：2003-06-12
申请号：US10303298
申请日：2002-11-25
申请人： Spectra Science Corporation
发明人： Nabil M. Lawandy
IPC分类号： H01S003/16
CPC分类号： G07D7/1205
摘要： Disclosed are methods and apparatus for at least one of authenticating, sorting or counting documents, as well as to security structures contained within documents and to documents containing security structures. A security device or structure includes an optical gain medium and a structure having boundaries that impart an overall geometry to the structure that, in combination with at least one material property of the structure, supports an enhancement of electromagnetic radiation emitted from the gain medium for favoring, in one embodiment, the creation of at least one mode that enhances an emission of electromagnetic radiation within a narrow band of wavelengths. Suitable, but not limiting, shapes for the structure comprise elongated, generally cylindrical shapes such as filaments, a sphere shape, a partial-sphere shape, a toroidal shape, a cubical and other polyhedral shape, and a disk shape. The structure is preferably comprised of at least one of a monolithic structure or a multi-layered structure or an ordered structure that may provide for distributed optical feedback. In a preferred embodiment of this invention the security device forms a part of a currency, a passport, a lottery ticket, a negotiable security, a credit card or debit card, or any substrate or carrier which it is desired to at least one of authenticate, count, encode, sort or verify.
摘要翻译：公开了用于文件的认证，分类或计数，以及包含在文档内的安全结构和包含安全结构的文档中的至少一种的方法和装置。安全装置或结构包括光学增益介质和具有赋予结构总体几何形状的边界的结构，其结合结构的至少一种材料特性支持从增益介质发射的电磁辐射的增强以便于有利在一个实施例中，创建增强在窄波段内的电磁辐射的发射的至少一种模式。用于结构的合适但非限制性的形状包括细长的大致圆柱形的形状，例如细丝，球形，局部球形，环形形状，立方和其他多面体形状以及盘形。该结构优选地由可以提供分布式光反馈的单片结构或多层结构或有序结构中的至少一个组成。在本发明的优选实施例中，安全装置形成货币，护照，彩票，可转让证券，信用卡或借记卡的一部分，或希望至少认证一个的任何基板或运营商，计数，编码，排序或验证。

4. 发明授权

US5882779A Semiconductor nanocrystal display materials and display apparatus employing same 失效
标题翻译：半导体纳米晶体显示材料及其使用的显示装置
公开(公告)号：US5882779A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-16
申请号：US795542
申请日：1997-02-06
申请人： Nabil M. Lawandy
发明人： Nabil M. Lawandy
IPC分类号： H01L33/00 , H05B33/00 , B05D5/06 , B32B5/16
CPC分类号： H01J29/20 , B82Y10/00 , B82Y20/00 , B82Y30/00 , C09K11/883 , H01J31/127 , H01J2329/20 , Y10S428/917 , Y10S977/952 , Y10T428/25 , Y10T428/256 , Y10T428/259
摘要： A class of high efficiency (e.g., .gtoreq.20%) materials for use as display pixels to replace conventional phosphors in television, monitor, and flat panel displays. The materials are comprised of nanocrystals such as CdS.sub.x Se.sub.1-x, CuCl, GaN, CdTe.sub.x S.sub.1-x, ZnTe, ZnSe, ZnS, or porous Si or Ge alloys which may or may not contain a luminescent center. The nanocrystals may be doped with a luminescent center such as Mn.sup.2+ or a transition metal. The nanocrystals have passivated surfaces to provide high quantum efficiency. The nanocrystals have all dimensions comparable to the exciton radius (e.g., a size in the range of approximately 1 nm to approximately 10 nm). A quantum dot nanocrystal display phosphor that has a size selected for shifting an emission wavelength of a constituent semiconductor material from a characteristic wavelength observed in the bulk to a different wavelength. A field effect flat panel display is described that employs the nanocrystals of this invention, as are embodiments of plasma displays and fluorescent light sources.
摘要翻译：一类用于替代电视，监视器和平板显示器中的常规磷光体的显示像素的高效率（例如> / = 20％）材料。这些材料包括可以含有也可以不含有发光中心的CdSxSe1-x，CuCl，GaN，CdTexS1-x，ZnTe，ZnSe，ZnS或多孔Si或Ge合金的纳米晶体。纳米晶体可以掺杂有诸如Mn 2+或过渡金属的发光中心。纳米晶体具有钝化表面以提供高量子效率。纳米晶体具有与激子半径相当的所有尺寸（例如，在约1nm至约10nm的范围内的尺寸）。一种量子点纳米晶体显示荧光体，其具有选择用于将组成半导体材料的发射波长从本体观察到的特征波长移动到不同波长的尺寸。描述了使用本发明的纳米晶体的场效应平板显示器，以及等离子体显示器和荧光光源的实施例。

5. 发明授权

US6064476A Self-targeting reader system for remote identification 有权
公开(公告)号：US6064476A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-16
申请号：US197650
申请日：1998-11-23
申请人： William Goltsos
发明人： William Goltsos
IPC分类号： B07C5/34 , B07C5/342 , G01B11/03 , G01J1/00
CPC分类号： B07C5/342 , B07C5/3412
摘要： A method and apparatus for identifying articles is disclosed. The method includes steps of: (a) providing a plurality of articles, each of the articles having at least one portion that includes a photonically active material; (b) for each article, illuminating the at least one portion with light from a stimulus source; (c) identifying a location of the at least one portion by detecting an emission from the photonically active material; (d) pointing an excitation source at the identified location; and (e) illuminating the at least one portion within the identified location with light from the excitation source. A next step detects an information-encoded emission from the photonically active material in response to the light from the excitation source. An optional step (g) sorts the articles based on the detected emission.

6. 发明授权

US5793781A Solid state source for generating intense light for photodynamic therapy and photomedicine 失效
标题翻译：用于产生光动力学治疗和光电医学的强光的固态光源
公开(公告)号：US5793781A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-11
申请号：US788208
申请日：1997-01-24
申请人： Nabil M. Lawandy
发明人： Nabil M. Lawandy
IPC分类号： A61B17/22 , A61B18/20 , A61N5/06 , A61N5/067 , H01S3/10
CPC分类号： A61N5/062 , A61B18/20 , A61N5/0601 , A61B2017/22087 , A61N2005/067
摘要： This invention teaches an optical source (10) for performing photomedicine. The optical source includes a Nd:YLF laser (12) having an output providing light having a wavelength of 1.053 micrometers; a frequency doubler (13) that is optically coupled to the laser output for converting a portion of the light to frequency doubled light, the frequency doubler having an output providing frequency doubled light having a wavelength of 526.5 nm; and, coupled to the output of the frequency doubler, a unit (14) for shifting the frequency doubled light to light having a wavelength of about 630 nm. In a presently preferred embodiment of this invention the shifting unit includes a device for performing stimulated Raman scattering of the frequency doubled light for creating the third Stokes line at 630.1 nm. The device includes a crystal comprised of a R.sub.x (MO.sub.3).sub.y compound and means for establishing a multi-pass or resonant cavity optical configuration through the crystal. By example, the crystal is comprised of one of Ba(NO.sub.3).sub.2, KNO.sub.3, Ca(O.sub.3), Pb(NO.sub.3).sub.2, and NaNO.sub.3.
摘要翻译：本发明教导了用于进行光电疗法的光源（10）。光源包括具有提供波长为1.053微米的光的输出的Nd：YLF激光器（12）; 与激光输出光学耦合的倍频器（13），用于将一部分光转换成倍频光，所述倍频器具有提供波长为526.5nm的倍频光; 并且耦合到倍频器的输出端，用于将倍频光移动到具有约630nm波长的光的单元（14）。在本发明的当前优选实施例中，移位单元包括用于在630.1nm处产生第二斯托克斯线的倍频光的受激拉曼散射的装置。该器件包括由Rx（MO3）y化合物构成的晶体和用于通过该晶体建立多遍或谐振腔光学配置的装置。例如，该晶体由Ba（NO 3）2，KNO 3，Ca（O 3），Pb（NO 3）2和NaNO 3中的一种构成。

7. 发明授权

US6030411A Photoemitting catheters and other structures suitable for use in photo-dynamic therapy and other applications 失效
标题翻译：光敏导管和其他适用于光动力治疗和其他应用的结构
公开(公告)号：US6030411A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-29
申请号：US057192
申请日：1998-04-08
申请人： Nabil M Lawandy
发明人： Nabil M Lawandy
IPC分类号： H01S3/10 , A61B17/22 , A61N5/06 , C40B60/14 , D06F93/00 , G01N21/01 , G01N21/63 , G07D7/12 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/0941 , H01S3/14 , H01S3/16 , H01S3/20 , H01S3/213 , H01S5/00 , H01S5/04 , H01S5/30 , A61B18/00
CPC分类号： A61N5/062 , A61N5/0601 , D06F93/00 , G01N21/01 , G01N21/63 , G07D7/122 , G07D7/124 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/14 , A61B2017/22087 , B01J2219/00317 , B01J2219/00659 , B01J2219/00707 , C40B60/14 , H01S3/0941 , H01S3/1636 , H01S3/168 , H01S3/20 , H01S3/213 , H01S5/041 , H01S5/30 , Y10S977/72 , Y10S977/95
摘要： A structure generates electromagnetic radiation having at least one wavelength selected for activating a photosensitive substance that is applied to a tissue to be treated. The structure is particularly useful for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. The structure includes a body of material, such as a polymer filament, band, or substrate, that contains a gain medium. The gain medium in turn contains a substance (such as dye molecules) for generating a stimulated emission that includes the at least one wavelength when excited by a pump wavelength, and a plurality of scattering sites (such as scattering particles) for scattering the stimulated emission to provide a narrow band emission at the at least one selected wavelength. The narrow band emission in turn activates the photo-sensitive therapeutic substance.
摘要翻译：结构产生具有选择用于激活施加到待处理组织的感光物质的至少一种波长的电磁辐射。该结构对于光动力疗法（PDT）应用特别有用。该结构包括含有增益介质的材料体，例如聚合物长丝，带或基底。增益介质又包含用于产生受泵浦波长激发时包括至少一个波长的受激发射的物质（例如染料分子），以及用于散射受激发射的多个散射部位（例如散射粒子）以在所述至少一个所选波长处提供窄带发射。窄带发射又激活光敏治疗物质。

8. 发明授权

US5908608A Synthesis of metal chalcogenide quantum 失效
标题翻译：金属硫属元素量子的合成
公开(公告)号：US5908608A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-01
申请号：US910160
申请日：1997-08-12
申请人： Nabil M. Lawandy , Charles M. Zepp , Richard F. Rossi
发明人： Nabil M. Lawandy , Charles M. Zepp , Richard F. Rossi
IPC分类号： C01B19/00 , C01B17/20 , C01B19/04 , C01G9/00
CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 , C01B19/007 , C01P2004/64 , Y10S977/813
摘要： An aqueous system for the production of metal chalcogenide nanocrystalline salts such as zinc selenide, from a hydrolyzable chalcogen carbonyl compound, such as selenourea, by simple hydrolysis thereof under alkaline conditions in the presence of water soluble metal hydroxide, such as zinc hydroxide in the form of the zincate ion, i.e., Zn(OH).sub.4.sup.-2. Selenourea contains selenium in the correct oxidation state, is inexpensive, commercially-available and readily hydrolyzable under aqueous basic conditions in the presence of the zincate ion to form zinc selenide. The zinc selenide is insoluble in the alkaline aqueous vehicle and precipitates over time in the form of nanocrystallites or quantum dots of the zinc selenide.
摘要翻译：通过在碱性条件下在水溶性金属氢氧化物如氢氧化锌的存在下简单水解，从而生成金属硫族化物纳米晶体盐如硒化锌的水系，由水解性硫族化合物羰基化合物如硒脲，的锌离子，即Zn（OH）4-2。硒脲含有正确氧化态的硒，在碱性条件下，在锌酸根离子存在下，便宜，商业可用且易水解，形成硒化锌。硒化锌不溶于碱性水性载体，随着时间的推移，以硒化锌的纳米晶体或量子点的形式沉淀。

9. 发明申请

US20020079249A1 Methods and apparatus employing multi-spectral imaging for the remote identification and sorting of objects 失效
公开(公告)号：US20020079249A1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-27
申请号：US10057231
申请日：2002-01-25
申请人： Spectra Science Corporation
发明人： Nabil M. Lawandy , John A. Moon
IPC分类号： B07C005/02
CPC分类号： G06K7/1434 , B07C5/3412 , B07C5/365 , G06K7/10732 , G06K19/06056 , G06K19/14 , Y10S209/937 , Y10S209/939
摘要： A multi-spectral imager and the applications of same for the marking and coding of, for example, textiles, linens, garments, documents and packages for high-speed machine identification and sortation. Specific uses include garment and textile rental operations, laundry operations, and the postal and mail sortation of documents and packages. Methods and apparatus are provided to identify items via information encoded within an applied mark, as well as a novel mark reading/decoding scheme. A method is disclosed for printing fluorescent marks on an item, such as a heat-sealable label, to generate a unique identification number or indicia, as well as a reader system for reading applied marks. The reader system includes an illumination source that excites the fluorescent marks in combination with a color sensitive device, such as a camera, which is nullblindnull to the illumination wavelength but which can discern the fluorescence color and a relative spatial order of the fluorescent marks, wherein the information is encoded.

10. 发明授权

US6088380A Method and apparatus for intracavity pixelated lasing projection 失效
标题翻译：腔内像素激光投影的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US6088380A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-11
申请号：US70602
申请日：1998-04-30
申请人： Nabil M Lawandy
发明人： Nabil M Lawandy
IPC分类号： G02F1/1334 , G02F1/35 , H01S3/106 , H01S3/23 , H04N9/31 , H01S3/08
CPC分类号： H04N9/3129 , G02F1/3532 , H01S3/2383 , G02F1/1334 , H01S3/106 , H01S3/1065 , H01S3/168 , H01S3/2358
摘要： A high efficiency, narrow spectral linewidth lasing pixel device that implements a low-voltage spatially patterned variable loss element placed inside an optically pumped high-gain laser cavity is disclosed. The output properties of this system make it useful for digital projection displays. A method for producing a projection image is also disclosed, the method comprises the steps of: providing pump energy for exciting a gain medium disposed within a laser cavity; in response to the excitation, emitting optical energy from the gain medium, wherein the optical energy oscillates within the laser cavity; during an image mode, selectively activating regions of a pixelated loss element disposed in the laser cavity within an oscillation path of the optical energy; wherein when in an on-state, first regions of the pixelated loss element are made substantially transparent to allow the oscillating optical energy to travel through the first regions of the loss element, and wherein when in an off-state, second regions of the pixelated loss element are made reflective to scatter the oscillating optical energy encountering the second regions of the loss element; and outputting the oscillating optical energy that travelled through the first regions of the pixelated loss element to create the projection image.
摘要翻译：公开了一种实现放置在光泵浦高增益激光器腔内的低电压空间图案化可变损耗元件的高效率窄谱线宽激光像素装置。该系统的输出属性使其对数字投影显示器有用。还公开了一种用于产生投影图像的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：提供用于激发设置在激光腔内的增益介质的泵浦能量; 响应于所述激发，从所述增益介质发射光能，其中所述光能在所述激光腔内振荡; 在图像模式期间，选择性地激活在光能的振荡路径内设置在激光腔中的像素化损耗元件的区域; 其中当处于导通状态时，所述像素化损耗元件的第一区域被制成基本上透明的，以允许所述振荡光能量行进通过所述损耗元件的所述第一区域，并且其中当处于截止状态时，所述像素化损耗元件的第二区域使损耗元件反射以散射遇到损耗元件的第二区域的振荡光能; 并输出通过像素化损耗元件的第一区域行进的振荡光能以产生投影图像。

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