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    • 85. 发明授权
    • Void metal composite material and method
    • 无机金属复合材料和方法
    • US3852045A
    • 1974-12-03
    • US28026672
    • 1972-08-14
    • BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE
    • WHEELER KSUMP KKARAGIANES M
    • A61F2/28A61F2/30B22F3/11B22F5/10C22C1/08A61C13/30A61F1/24B22F3/16C22C1/04
    • B22F5/10A61F2/28A61F2002/30968A61F2002/30978B22F3/1134B22F2998/00Y10T428/12063Y10T428/12153Y10T428/1216B22F3/1112B22F7/002
    • A porous metallic material having controlled patterns of interconnected voids specifically adapted for tissue ingrowth application. The material can be produced having interconnected voids of spherical or other desired shape, as well as oriented voids arranged in a pre-selected spatial pattern. The method of producing the porous structure involves the arrangement of solid expendable void former within a receiving cavity of a mold or form in a pattern corresponding to the size, shape and spatial pattern of the voids desired in the final matrix. Metallic powder formed of a biocompatible material is packed about the expendable void former and the composite material is subjected to high energy rate forming pressures to densify its structure. The expendable void former is then removed and the remaining matrix of metal is sintered to further strengthen the web structure that remains after removal of the void former.
    • 多孔金属材料具有特别适用于组织向内生长应用的互连空隙的受控图案。 可以制造具有球形或其它所需形状的互连空隙的材料,以及以预先选择的空间图案排列的定向空隙。 制造多孔结构的方法包括将固体消耗空间形成体在模具或形式的容纳空腔内以与最终基质中所需的空隙的尺寸,形状和空间图形相对应的图案的布置。 由生物相容材料形成的金属粉末围绕消耗空间形成体填充,并且复合材料经受高能量成形压力以致其结构致密。 然后去除可消耗空隙的成形器,并且剩余的金属基体被烧结以进一步加强在去除空心形成体之后留下的网状结构。
    • 89. 发明授权
    • Preparation of double-layer electrodes
    • 制备双层电极
    • US3382067A
    • 1968-05-07
    • US56641666
    • 1966-07-19
    • BOSCH GMBH ROBERT
    • GERD SANDSTEDEHORST BINDERALFONS KOHLING
    • B22F3/11B22F7/00H01M4/86H01M4/88
    • B22F3/1134B22F7/002H01M4/8842H01M4/8896H01M2004/8689H01M2300/0014Y10T428/12028Y10T428/12153Y10T428/12896Y10T428/12944
    • 1,141,814. Fuel cell electrodes. ROBERT BOSCH G.m.b.H. 6 July, 1966 [20 July, 1965], No. 30351/66. Heading H1B. Fuel cell electrodes comprising 2 bonded microporous layers of sintered nickel and silver particles are made by (a) forming a layer of finely divided nickel and finely divided silver carbonate, (b) forming another layer of finely divided nickel, finely divided silver carbonate and a removable pore-forming material in contact with it, (c) compressing the 2 layers, (d) sintering them and reducing the silver carbonate to metallic silver and (e) removing the pore forming material. The silver carbonate may be reduced with H 2 or by thermal decomposition in an inert gas stream. The first layer may be prepared from 40-80% silver carbonate and 60-20% nickel. The pore former may be a volatile material, e.g. ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbamate, or a soluble material, e.g. Na 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 or MgCO 3 which is dissolved out after sintering. They may be of less than 100 mÁ grain size and 17-83% may be used. The layers 1-3 mm. thick, may be subjected to a pressure of 1-3 Kg/cm. 2 It may be sintered at 550-650‹ C. whilst being pressed flat. Reduced pressure may be used to remove volatile pore formers. The electrode may be used with air in a methanol cell at room temperature or in a hydrogen cell at room or elevated temperature. In a particular embodiment it (a) is retained by frame (c) in proximity to plate (e), the cavity between being sealed by ring (d). Current is collected by (f) and gas supplied at (g) and removed at (h). The electrode is immersed in 7N.KOH solution opposite a hydrogen electrode and air preheated to 70‹ C. is passed through at such a rate that no bubbles escape through the electrolyte. The air pressure may be 0À4-0À8 atmospheres gauge. In a modification of the invention the silver in layer (a) is replaced by nickel derived by heating basic nickel carbonate.