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71. 发明授权

US06733913B2 Fuel cell system for low pressure operation 失效
标题翻译：燃料电池系统用于低压运行
公开(公告)号：US06733913B2
公开(公告)日：2004-05-11
申请号：US10119380
申请日：2002-04-09
申请人： Alan J. Cisar , Dacong Weng , Oliver J. Murphy
发明人： Alan J. Cisar , Dacong Weng , Oliver J. Murphy
IPC分类号： H01M810
CPC分类号： H01M4/8807 , C25B9/066 , C25B9/18 , C25B11/035 , H01M4/8631 , H01M4/8828 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/04007 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04156 , H01M8/04186 , H01M8/04194 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1007 , H01M8/1009 , H01M8/241 , H01M8/247 , H01M8/249 , H01M2300/0082 , Y10T29/49108 , Y10T29/4911 , Y10T29/49112 , Y10T29/49114 , Y10T29/49115 , Y10T29/53204
摘要： This invention is an improved fuel cell design for use at low pressure. The invention has a reduced number of component parts to reduce fabrication costs, as well as a simpler design that permits the size of the system to be reduced at the same time as performance is being improved. In the present design, an adjacent anode and cathode pair are fabricated using a common conductive element, with that conductive element serving to conduct the current from one cell to the adjacent one. This produces a small and simple system suitable for operating with gas fuels or alternatively directly with liquid fuels, such as methanol, dimethoxymethane, or trimethoxymethane. The use of these liquid fuels permits the storage of more energy in less volume while at the same time eliminating the need for handling compressed gases which further simplifies the fuel cell system. The electrical power output of the design of this invention can be further increased by adding a passage for cooling the stack through contact with a coolant.
摘要翻译：本发明是在低压下使用的改进的燃料电池设计。本发明具有减少的部件数量以减少制造成本，以及更简单的设计，其允许在性能得到改善的同时减小系统的尺寸。在本设计中，相邻的阳极和阴极对使用公共导电元件制造，该导电元件用于将电流从一个电池传导到相邻电池。这产生适合于使用气体燃料或者直接与液体燃料如甲醇，二甲氧基甲烷或三甲氧基甲烷一起操作的小而简单的系统。这些液体燃料的使用允许以更少的体积储存更多的能量，同时消除了处理压缩气体的需要，这进一步简化了燃料电池系统。本发明设计的电力输出可以通过增加通过与冷却剂接触来冷却堆的通道进一步增加。

72. 发明授权

US06698389B2 Electrolyzer for internal combustion engine 失效
标题翻译：内燃机电解液
公开(公告)号：US06698389B2
公开(公告)日：2004-03-02
申请号：US10134029
申请日：2002-04-26
申请人： Craig C. Andrews , Oliver J. Murphy
发明人： Craig C. Andrews , Oliver J. Murphy
IPC分类号： F01P106
CPC分类号： B01D53/9454 , B60H1/00271 , B60H1/18 , B60H1/2203 , C25B1/10 , C25B9/20 , F01N3/2006 , F01N3/206 , F01N3/2889 , F01N3/32 , F01N3/34 , F01N5/02 , F01N2240/02 , F01N2610/04 , F01N2610/08 , F01P2060/00 , F01P2060/18 , F02B43/10 , F02B2043/106 , Y02A50/2324 , Y02A50/2325 , Y02E60/366 , Y02T10/16 , Y02T10/22 , Y02T10/24 , Y02T10/26 , Y02T10/32 , Y10S123/12
摘要： The present invention provides a method and apparatus for chemically heating one or more components of, or intake air flowing to, an internal combustion engine by feeding hydrogen to a catalyst. In accordance with the invention, condensation of fuels on cold engine cylinder walls during and after cold start-ups is prevented, thereby reducing wear on the engine. The invention also provides a method and apparatus for reducing pollutants commonly occurring during cold start-up of combustion engines by heating components of, or intake air flowing to, a combustion engine, in order to quickly warm the engine and its catalytic converter to operating temperatures. Preferably, the hydrogen is supplied from an electrolyzer or other on-board source of hydrogen and the hydrogen and a source of oxygen are provided to the catalyst resulting in exothermic oxidation of hydrogen to heat the air intake or other components of the engine. The invention includes preheating systems for one or more of the air intake, the fuel, the engine oil, the block, the battery and the catalytic converter.
摘要翻译：本发明提供一种用于通过将氢气输送到催化剂来化学加热流入内燃机的一个或多个组分或进气的方法和装置。根据本发明，防止在冷启动期间和之后在冷发动机气缸壁上的燃料冷凝，从而减少发动机的磨损。本发明还提供一种方法和装置，用于通过加热燃烧发动机的内燃部件或进气来减少内燃机的冷启动期间通常发生的污染物，以便将发动机及其催化转化器快速升温至工作温度。优选地，氢气由电解槽或其他板载氢源供应，氢气和氧气源被提供给催化剂，导致氢的放热氧化以加热进气口或发动机的其它部件。本发明包括用于进气，燃料，发动机油，块，电池和催化转化器中的一个或多个的预热系统。

73. 发明授权

US06602631B1 Bonding electrochemical cell components 失效
公开(公告)号：US06602631B1
公开(公告)日：2003-08-05
申请号：US09237428
申请日：1999-01-26
申请人： Alan J. Cisar , Oliver J. Murphy , Eric T. Clarke
发明人： Alan J. Cisar , Oliver J. Murphy , Eric T. Clarke
IPC分类号： H01M200
CPC分类号： H01M8/0206 , H01M8/0223 , H01M8/0228 , H01M8/023 , H01M8/0263 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/0273 , H01M8/028 , H01M8/2404 , H01M8/242 , H01M8/2483 , Y10T29/49114 , Y10T29/49115
摘要： The invention provides a method for preparing subassemblies for an electrochemical cell or a stack of electrochemical cells, particularly a stack of fuel cells for the direct generation of electricity. The method includes bonding together two or more electrochemical cell components, such as plates, frames, flow fields, shims, gaskets, membranes and the like, to form subassemblies used to make an electrochemical cell stack. The bonding can be accomplished using either polymeric bonds (i.e., adhesives) where polymer and/or metal components are involved or metallurgical bonds (i.e., solder) where metal components are involved. The bonding provides tightly sealed cells and lower electronic contact resistances between components.

74. 发明授权

US06562507B1 Unitized barrier and flow control device for electrochemical reactors 失效
标题翻译：用于电化学反应器的单元化屏障和流量控制装置
公开(公告)号：US06562507B1
公开(公告)日：2003-05-13
申请号：US09680377
申请日：2000-10-05
申请人： Alan J. Cisar , Oliver J. Murphy , King-Tsai Jeng , Carlos Salinas , Stan Simpson
发明人： Alan J. Cisar , Oliver J. Murphy , King-Tsai Jeng , Carlos Salinas , Stan Simpson
IPC分类号： H01M486
CPC分类号： H01M8/0258 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/9083 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/0202 , H01M8/0204 , H01M8/0206 , H01M8/0228 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/0234 , H01M8/0239 , H01M8/0243 , H01M8/0245 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/0297 , H01M8/241 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： The invention provides for reducing the number of parts and the number of interfaces found in certain types of chemical reactors, particularly in electrochemical reactors, and especially in the type or reactor known as a fuel cell or fuel cell stack This reduction comes from the use of a unified structure that combines the functions normally carried out by several components in the unit, particularly by combining the functions of the gas distribution structure and the gas diffusion structure, the gas distribution structure and the gas barrier structure, or all three structures into a single, unitary, metallic part. This offers the advantages of simplified design, better performance, and lighter weight.
摘要翻译：本发明提供减少在某些类型的化学反应器，特别是在电化学反应器中，特别是在称为燃料电池或燃料电池堆的类型或反应器中发现的界面的数量以及接触的数量。这种减少来自使用结合了通常由单元中的几个部件执行的功能的统一结构，特别是通过将气体分配结构和气体扩散结构，气体分布结构和气体阻隔结构的功能，或所有三种结构组合成单个一体，金属部分。这提供了简化设计，更好的性能和更轻的重量的优点。

75. 发明授权

US06458257B1 Microorganism control of point-of-use potable water sources 失效
标题翻译：使用点饮用水源的微生物控制
公开(公告)号：US06458257B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-01
申请号：US09247767
申请日：1999-02-09
申请人： Craig C. Andrews , Oliver J. Murphy , G. Duncan Hitchens
发明人： Craig C. Andrews , Oliver J. Murphy , G. Duncan Hitchens
IPC分类号： C02F1461
CPC分类号： C02F1/78 , C02F1/283 , C02F1/44 , C02F1/4672 , C02F2001/46142 , C02F2201/46155 , C02F2201/782 , C02F2303/04 , C02F2303/18 , C25B1/13 , C25B9/08 , Y02W10/37
摘要： The present invention provides for the electrochemical generation of ozone for use in “point-of-use” applications. The electrochemical ozone generators or systems of the present invention may be used to provide disinfected water, ozone-containing water, and/or ozone gas. Disinfected water may be produced by introducing ozone gas into a potable or purified water source for the purpose of disinfecting or controlling the microorganisms in the water source. Ozonated water or ozone gas may be produced and provided for various anti-microbial and cleansing applications of the consumer, such as washing food, clothing, dishes, countertops, toys, sinks, bathroom surfaces, and the like. Furthermore, the ozone generator may be used to deliver a stream of ozone-containing water for the purpose of commercial or residential point-of-use washing, disinfecting, and sterilizing medical instruments and medical equipment. For example, the ozone-containing water may be used directly or used as a concentrated sterilant for the washing, disinfecting, and sterilizing of medical instruments or equipment. Ozone gas may also be used in many of the foregoing examples, as well as in the deodorization of air or various other applications. The invention allows the electrochemical ozone generator to operate in a nearly or entirely passive manner with simplicity of design.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了用于“使用点”的臭氧的电化学生成。本发明的电化学臭氧发生器或系统可用于提供消毒水，含臭氧的水和/或臭氧气体。可以通过将臭氧气体引入饮用水或净化水源中来消毒或控制水源中的微生物来产生消毒的水。可以生产臭氧水或臭氧气体，并提供消费者的各种抗微生物和清洁应用，例如洗涤食品，衣物，餐具，台面，玩具，水槽，浴室表面等。此外，为了商业或住宅使用点的洗涤，消毒和消毒医疗器械和医疗设备，臭氧发生器可用于输送含臭氧水流。例如，含臭氧水可以直接使用，也可以用作浓缩灭菌剂，用于医疗器械或设备的洗涤，消毒，消毒。臭氧气体也可用于许多前述实施例中，以及在除臭空气或各种其它应用中。本发明允许电化学臭氧发生器以简单的设计以几乎或完全被动的方式操作。

76. 发明授权

US06409928B1 Photocatalytic oxidation of organics using a porous titanium dioxide membrane and an efficient oxidant 有权
标题翻译：使用多孔二氧化钛膜和有效的氧化剂对有机物进行光催化氧化
公开(公告)号：US06409928B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-25
申请号：US09679891
申请日：2000-10-05
申请人： Anuncia Gonzalez , Oliver J. Murphy , Carlos Salinas
发明人： Anuncia Gonzalez , Oliver J. Murphy , Carlos Salinas
IPC分类号： C02F132
CPC分类号： B01J19/2415 , B01D53/864 , B01D53/8668 , B01D2251/104 , B01D2251/106 , B01D2255/20707 , B01J8/009 , B01J19/123 , B01J19/127 , B01J19/2475 , B01J35/002 , B01J35/004 , B01J2219/00067 , B01J2219/00144 , B01J2219/00162 , B01J2219/00164 , B01J2219/0883 , C01B3/38 , C02F1/325 , C02F1/4672 , C02F1/722 , C02F1/725 , C02F1/78 , C02F2101/303 , C02F2101/322 , C02F2101/363 , C02F2201/009 , C02F2201/3223 , C02F2201/328 , C02F2305/10 , Y02A20/212 , Y02P20/52 , Y02W10/37 , Y10S210/908
摘要： A method and apparatus for mineralizing organic contaminants in water or air provides photochemical oxidation in a two-phase or three-phase boundary system formed in the pores of a TiO2 membrane in a photocatalytic reactor. In the three-phase system, gaseous (liquid) oxidant, liquid (gaseous) contaminant, and solid semiconductor photocatalyst meet and engage in an efficient oxidation reaction. The porous membrane has pores which have a region wherein the meniscus of the liquid varies from the molecular diameter of water to that of a capillary tube resulting in a diffusion layer that is several orders of magnitude smaller than the closest known reactors. The photocatalytic reactor operates effectively at ambient temperature and low pressures. A packed-bed photoreactor using photocatalyst coated particles is also provided.
摘要翻译：在水或空气中矿化有机污染物的方法和装置在光催化反应器中在TiO 2膜的孔中形成的两相或三相边界系统中提供光化学氧化。在三相系统中，气体（液体）氧化剂，液体（气体）污染物和固体半导体光催化剂会聚并进行有效的氧化反应。多孔膜具有这样的孔，其中液体的弯月面从水的分子直径变化到毛细管的弯液面，导致比最近的已知反应器小几个数量级的扩散层。光催化反应器在环境温度和低压下有效运行。还提供了使用光催化剂涂覆的颗粒的填充床光反应器。

77. 发明授权

US06387230B1 Composite membrane suitable for use in electrochemical devices 失效
标题翻译：复合膜适用于电化学装置
公开(公告)号：US06387230B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-14
申请号：US09504028
申请日：2000-02-29
申请人： Oliver J. Murphy , Alan J. Cisar
发明人： Oliver J. Murphy , Alan J. Cisar
IPC分类号： C25B1300
CPC分类号： C25B13/04 , C08J5/2275 , C08J2327/18 , H01M8/1023 , H01M8/1027 , H01M8/1037 , H01M8/1039 , H01M8/1044 , H01M8/1048 , H01M8/1067 , Y10T428/249954 , Y10T428/249958 , Y10T428/249964 , Y10T428/31544
摘要： The invention relates to novel inorganic-organic composite membranes especially useful as ionically conducting in electrochemical devices. The composites consist of a polymeric matrix, which may or may not be an ionic conductor in its unfilled form, filled with an inorganic material having a high affinity for water, capable of exchanging cations such as protons, and preferably with a high cation mobility, either on its surface or through its bulk.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及在电化学装置中特别用作离子导电的新型无机 - 有机复合膜。复合材料由聚合物基质组成，其可以是或不是其未填充形式的离子导体，其填充有能够交换阳离子如质子，并且优选具有高阳离子迁移率的对水具有高亲和力的无机材料，无论是在其表面还是通过其体积。

78. 发明授权

US06365026B1 Limited use components for an electrochemical device and method 有权
标题翻译：有限的使用组件用于电化学装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US06365026B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-02
申请号：US09598067
申请日：2000-06-20
申请人： Craig C. Andrews , Oliver J. Murphy
发明人： Craig C. Andrews , Oliver J. Murphy
IPC分类号： C25D554
CPC分类号： C25B15/00 , C25B1/13 , C25B9/00
摘要： The present invention provides an ozone generating system that combines single-use elements or segments with an extended use fixture that is used to activate the single-use elements. One embodiment of the invention consists of a strip of proton exchange membrane (PEM) having the ozone producing catalyst applied directly onto one side of membrane. Optionally, the application of this catalyst may be divided into segments or patches, wherein each segment represents the limited-use portion of the ozone generator. Each segment may be advanced into a fixture that provides the balance of the electrochemical system required for operation of the ozone generator. This balance of system may include additional subsystems, with a power supply, water source, electrical contacts, electronic controllers, sensors and feedback components, being typical examples. After an individual segment is advanced into the operating fixture, the membrane may be hydrated by a water source and electrical contact made to the positive (anode) face of the membrane having the ozone generating catalyst and to the negative (cathode) side of the membrane which may also include a catalyst layer.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种臭氧发生系统，其将一次性元件或部分与用于激活一次性元件的扩展使用固定装置相结合。本发明的一个实施方案由质子交换膜（PEM）组成，其具有直接施加在膜一侧上的产生臭氧的催化剂。任选地，该催化剂的应用可以分成段或片，其中每个段表示臭氧发生器的有限使用部分。每个段可以前进到提供臭氧发生器操作所需的电化学系统的平衡的固定装置。作为典型的例子，系统的这种平衡可以包括具有电源，水源，电触头，电子控制器，传感器和反馈部件的附加子系统。在单独的段进入操作夹具之后，膜可以被水源水合，并且与具有臭氧产生催化剂的膜的正（阳极）面形成并且与膜的负极（阴极）侧形成电接触其还可以包括催化剂层。

79. 发明授权

US06334965B1 Electronically conductive polymers 有权
标题翻译：电子导电聚合物
公开(公告)号：US06334965B1
公开(公告)日：2002-01-01
申请号：US09390194
申请日：1999-09-07
申请人： Waheguru Pal Singh , Dalibor Hodko , Suchitra Chepin , Oliver J. Murphy
发明人： Waheguru Pal Singh , Dalibor Hodko , Suchitra Chepin , Oliver J. Murphy
IPC分类号： H01B100
CPC分类号： H01B1/127 , H01B1/128 , H05K3/424
摘要： The present invention provides a formulation for forming an electronically conducting polymer. The formulation contains an electron acceptor comprising a dopant anion and a metal cation selected from Ag+, Fe3+, Cu2+ or combinations thereof. The preferred electron acceptor is a silver salt, preferably selected from AgNO3, AgClO4 and AgNO2. The formulation also contains between 2 and 100 moles of a polymerizable component per mole of the electron acceptor, the polymerizable component being selected from pyrrole, aniline, their oligomers, or combinations thereof. In addition, the formulation includes an aqueous solvent selected from acetonitrile, acetone, and combinations thereof, the aqueous solvent having up to 30 volume percent water.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种用于形成电子导电聚合物的配方。该制剂含有包含掺杂剂阴离子和选自Ag +，Fe 3+，Cu 2+或其组合的金属阳离子的电子受体。优选的电子受体是银盐，优选选自AgNO 3，AgClO 4和AgNO 2。该配方还含有每摩尔电子受体2至100摩尔可聚合组分，可聚合组分选自吡咯，苯胺，其低聚物或其组合。此外，该制剂包括选自乙腈，丙酮及其组合的水性溶剂，所述水性溶剂具有至多30体积％的水。

80. 发明授权

US06183623B2 Electrochemical conversion of anhydrous hydrogen halide to halogen gas using an ionically conducting membrane 失效
标题翻译：使用离子导电膜将无水卤化氢电化学转化为卤素气体
公开(公告)号：US06183623B2
公开(公告)日：2001-02-06
申请号：US09034527
申请日：1998-03-03
申请人： Alan J. Cisar , Anuncia Gonzalez-Martin , G. Duncan Hitchens , Oliver J. Murphy
发明人： Alan J. Cisar , Anuncia Gonzalez-Martin , G. Duncan Hitchens , Oliver J. Murphy
IPC分类号： C25B124
CPC分类号： C25B1/26 , B01D53/22 , B01D53/326 , B01F3/022 , B01J8/009 , B01J19/2475 , B01J2208/00061 , B01J2208/00132 , B01J2208/00256 , B01J2208/00539 , B01J2208/00584 , B01J2219/00063 , B01J2219/00081 , B01J2219/00099 , B01J2219/00103 , B01J2219/00162 , B01J2219/00171 , C02F1/32 , C02F1/4618 , C02F1/4672 , C02F1/78 , C02F2001/46128 , C02F2001/46142 , C02F2001/46166 , C02F2101/12 , C02F2101/30 , C02F2201/46115 , C02F2201/782 , C02F2303/04 , C02F2305/023 , C25B1/24 , C25B9/08 , C25B9/206 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/9083 , H01M4/92 , H01M8/0202 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/1007 , H01M8/186 , H01M2300/0082 , Y02E60/528 , Y02P70/56
摘要： The invention relates to a process for electrochemically converting anhydrous hydrogen halide, such as hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen bromide and hydrogen iodide, to essentially dry halogen gas, such as chlorine, fluorine, bromine and iodine gas, respectively. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for electrochemically converting anhydrous hydrogen chloride to essentially dry chlorine gas. This process allows the production of high-purity chlorine gas. In this process, molecules of essentially anhydrous hydrogen chloride are transported through an inlet of an electrochemical cell. The molecules of the essentially anhydrous hydrogen chloride are oxidized at the anode of the cell to produce essentially dry chlorine gas and protons, which are transported through the membrane of the cell. The transported protons are reduced at the cathode to form either hydrogen gas, water or hydrogen peroxide.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种将无水卤化氢如氯化氢，氟化氢，溴化氢和碘化氢电化学转化成基本上干燥的卤素气体如氯，氟，溴和碘气的方法。在优选的实施方案中，本发明涉及将无水氯化氢电化学转化为基本上干氯气的方法。这个过程允许生产高纯度氯气。在该过程中，基本上无水氯化氢的分子通过电化学电池的入口输送。基本上无水氯化氢的分子在电池的阳极被氧化，以产生基本上干的氯气和质子，其被输送通过电池的膜。输送的质子在阴极处还原，形成氢气，水或过氧化氢。

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