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    • 33. 发明授权
    • Composite gate electrode incorporating dopant diffusion-retarding
barrier layer adjacent to underlying gate dielectric
    • 复合栅电极,其与掺杂剂扩散阻滞层结合,邻近底层栅极电介质
    • US5885877A
    • 1999-03-23
    • US837581
    • 1997-04-21
    • Mark I. GardnerRobert DawsonH. Jim Fulford, Jr.Frederick N. HauseDaniel KadoshMark W. MichaelBradley T. MooreDerick J. Wristers
    • Mark I. GardnerRobert DawsonH. Jim Fulford, Jr.Frederick N. HauseDaniel KadoshMark W. MichaelBradley T. MooreDerick J. Wristers
    • H01L21/28H01L29/49H01L21/336H01L21/3205
    • H01L21/28035H01L29/4916
    • A composite gate electrode layer incorporates a diffusion-retarding barrier layer disposed at the bottom of the gate electrode layer to reduce the amount of dopant which diffuses into the gate dielectric layer from the gate electrode layer. A lower nitrogen-containing gate electrode layer provides a diffusion-retarding barrier layer against dopant diffusion into the gate dielectric layer disposed therebelow, and an upper gate electrode layer is formed upon the lower layer and is doped to form a highly conductive layer. Together the first and second gate electrode layers form a composite gate electrode layer which incorporates a diffusion-retarding barrier layer adjacent to the underlying gate dielectric layer. The barrier layer may be formed by annealing a first polysilicon layer in a nitrogen-containing ambient, such as N.sub.2, NO, N.sub.2 O, and NH.sub.3, by implanting a nitrogen-containing material, such as elemental or molecular nitrogen, into a first polysilicon layer, and by in-situ depositing a nitrogen-doped first polysilicon layer. Diffusion of dopants into the gate dielectric layer may be retarded, as most dopant atoms are prevented from diffusing from the composite gate electrode layer at all. In addition, the nitrogen concentration within the gate dielectric layer, particularly at or near the substrate interface, may be maintained at lower concentrations than otherwise necessary to prevent dopant diffusion into the underlying substrate. The present invention is particularly well suited to thin gate dielectrics, such as a those having a thickness less than approximately 60 .ANG. when using a p-type dopant, such as boron.
    • 复合栅极电极层包括设置在栅极电极层底部的扩散阻挡层,以减少从栅极电极层扩散到栅极电介质层中的掺杂剂的量。 下部含氮栅电极层提供阻止扩散阻挡层,以阻止掺杂剂扩散到设置在其下方的栅介质层中,并且在下层上形成上栅极电极层,并且被掺杂以形成高导电层。 第一和第二栅极电极层一起形成复合栅极电极层,该复合栅极电极层包含与下面的栅极电介质层相邻的扩散阻滞阻挡层。 通过将含氮材料(例如元素或分子氮)注入到第一多晶硅层中,可以通过在氮气环境如N 2,NO,N 2 O和NH 3中退火第一多晶硅层来形成阻挡层 ,并通过原位沉积氮掺杂的第一多晶硅层。 完全可以防止掺杂剂扩散到栅极电介质层中,因为大多数掺杂剂原子被阻止从复合栅极电极层扩散。 此外,栅极电介质层内,特别是在衬底界面处或附近的氮浓度可以保持在比防止掺杂剂扩散到下面的衬底中所必需的更低的浓度。 本发明特别适用于薄栅电介质,例如当使用诸如硼的p型掺杂剂时厚度小于约60的薄电介质。
    • 37. 发明授权
    • Dopant diffusion-retarding barrier region formed within polysilicon gate layer
    • 在多晶硅栅极层内形成的掺杂扩散阻滞层
    • US06380055B2
    • 2002-04-30
    • US09177043
    • 1998-10-22
    • Mark I. GardnerRobert DawsonH. Jim Fulford, Jr.Frederick N. HauseMark W. MichaelBradley T. MooreDerick J. Wristers
    • Mark I. GardnerRobert DawsonH. Jim Fulford, Jr.Frederick N. HauseMark W. MichaelBradley T. MooreDerick J. Wristers
    • H01L213205
    • H01L29/4925H01L21/28035H01L21/32155
    • A diffusion-retarding barrier region is incorporated into the gate electrode to reduce the downward diffusion of dopant toward the gate dielectric. The barrier region is a nitrogen-containing diffusion retarding barrier region formed between two separately formed layers of polysilicon. The upper layer of polysilicon is doped more heavily than the lower layer of polysilicon, and the barrier region serves to keep most of the dopant within the upper layer of polysilicon, and yet may allow some of the dopant to diffuse into the lower layer of polysilicon. The barrier region may be formed, for example, by annealing the first polysilicon layer in an nitrogen-containing ambient to form a nitrided layer at the top surface of the first polysilicon layer. The barrier region may alternatively be formed by depositing a nitrogen-containing layer, such as a silicon nitride or titanium nitride layer, on the top surface of the first polysilicon layer. The thickness of the nitrogen-containing layer is preferably approximately 5-15 Å thick. Any nitrogen residing at the top of the gate dielectric may be kept to a concentration less than approximately 2%. The present invention is particularly well suited to thin gate dielectrics, such as a those having a thickness of approximately 25-60 Å, when using a p-type dopant, such as boron.
    • 扩散阻滞屏障区域被结合到栅电极中以减少掺杂剂朝向栅极电介质的向下扩散。 阻挡区域是在两个单独形成的多晶硅层之间形成的含氮扩散阻滞区域。 多晶硅的上层比多晶硅的下层掺杂更多,并且势垒区域用于将大部分掺杂剂保持在多晶硅的上层内,并且还可以允许一些掺杂剂扩散到多晶硅的下层 。 阻挡区域可以例如通过在含氮环境中退火第一多晶硅层以在第一多晶硅层的顶表面处形成氮化层而形成。 可以通过在第一多晶硅层的顶表面上沉积含氮层,例如氮化硅或氮化钛层来形成阻挡区。 含氮层的厚度优选为约5〜约厚。 驻留在栅极电介质顶部的任何氮可以保持在小于约2%的浓度。 当使用诸如硼的p型掺杂剂时,本发明特别适用于薄栅极电介质,例如厚度大约为25埃的那些。
    • 40. 发明授权
    • Method of making an IGFET with elevated source/drain regions in close proximity to gate with sloped sidewalls
    • 制造具有较高的源极/漏极区域的IGFET的方法,其紧邻具有倾斜侧壁的栅极
    • US06197645B1
    • 2001-03-06
    • US08837539
    • 1997-04-21
    • Mark W. MichaelRobert DawsonH. Jim Fulford, Jr.Mark I. GardnerFrederick N. HauseBradley T. MooreDerick J. Wristers
    • Mark W. MichaelRobert DawsonH. Jim Fulford, Jr.Mark I. GardnerFrederick N. HauseBradley T. MooreDerick J. Wristers
    • H01L21336
    • H01L29/66575H01L29/41775H01L29/41783H01L29/42376
    • An IGFET with elevated source and drain regions in close proximity to a gate with sloped sidewalls is disclosed. A method of making the IGFET includes forming a lower gate level over a semiconductor substrate, wherein the lower gate level includes a top surface, a bottom surface and sloped opposing sidewalls, and the top surface has a substantially greater length than the bottom surface, and depositing a semiconducting layer on the lower gate level and on underlying source and drain regions of the semiconductor substrate to form an upper gate level on the lower gate level, an elevated source region on the underlying source region, and an elevated drain region on the underlying drain region. The elevated source and drain regions are separated from the lower gate level due to a retrograde slope of the sidewalls of the lower gate level, and the elevated source and drain regions are separated from the upper gate level due to a lack of step coverage in the semiconducting layer. The method also includes implanting a dopant into the elevated source and drain regions, and diffusing the dopant from the elevated source and drain regions into the underlying source and drain regions. Preferably, the semiconducting layer is deposited by epitaxial deposition, the lower gate level is substantially thicker than the semiconducting layer, the elevated source and drain regions include sidewalls beneath and substantially aligned with sidewalls of the upper gate level, and all source/drain doping in the underlying source and drain regions is diffused from the elevated source and drain regions. In this manner, a highly miniaturized IGFET can be provided with shallow channel junctions without the need for sidewall spacers adjacent to the gate.
    • 公开了一种IGFET,其具有与具有倾斜侧壁的栅极紧密相邻的源极和漏极区域。 制造IGFET的方法包括在半导体衬底上形成较低的栅极电平,其中下部栅极级别包括顶部表面,底部表面和倾斜的相对侧壁,并且顶部表面具有比底部表面大得多的长度,以及 在半导体衬底的下栅极电平和下面的源极和漏极区域上沉积半导体层以在下部栅极电平上形成上部栅极电平,在下部源极区域上形成升高的源极区域,以及在下部栅极 漏区。 由于下栅极电平的侧壁的逆向斜率,升高的源极和漏极区域与下部栅极电平分离,并且由于在栅极栅极电平上缺乏阶跃覆盖,升高的源极和漏极区域与上部栅极电平分离 半导体层。 该方法还包括将掺杂剂注入到升高的源极和漏极区域中,并且将掺杂剂从升高的源极和漏极区域扩散到下面的源极和漏极区域中。 优选地,半导体层通过外延沉积沉积,下栅极电平基本上比半导电层更厚,升高的源极和漏极区域包括在上部栅极电平的侧壁下面并基本对齐的侧壁,并且所有源极/漏极掺杂 底层源极和漏极区域从升高的源极和漏极区域扩散。 以这种方式,高度小型化的IGFET可以设置有浅沟道结,而不需要邻近门的侧壁间隔。