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21. 发明授权

US4750972A Process for fabricating tuned light guide for photoelectrons 失效
标题翻译：制造光电子调谐光导的工艺
公开(公告)号：US4750972A
公开(公告)日：1988-06-14
申请号：US39916
申请日：1987-04-20
申请人： Michael E. Casey , Ronald Nutt , Terry D. Douglass
发明人： Michael E. Casey , Ronald Nutt , Terry D. Douglass
IPC分类号： G01T1/202 , G01T1/29 , H01L21/306 , B44C1/22 , C03C15/00 , C03C25/06
CPC分类号： G01T1/202 , G01T1/2985
摘要： A two dimensional photon position encoder system (10) and process which includes a detector (20) for enhancing the spatial resolution of the situs of the origin of incident photons of gamma rays. A plurality of scintillator material members (22) interact with the incident photons and produce a quantifiable number of photons which exit the scintillation material members. A tuned light guide (68) having a plurality of radiation barriers (92) of predetermined lengths define slots which are operatively associated with one of the scintillator material members. Photons exiting the scintillator material members (22) enter an operatively associated slot in said slotted light guide. These slots (90) serve to enhance the predictability of the statistical distribution of photons along the length of the slotted light guide (68). A detector (20) detects the distribution of the photons at preselected locations along the length of the slotted light guide. In one embodiment, this detector (20) comprises a photomultiplier (70) which gathers information concerning the photoelectrons which are then counted. The statistical distribution of these photoelectrons is processed by an improved pattern recognition technique such that the positioning information can be determined.
摘要翻译：一种二维光子位置编码器系统（10），其包括用于增强伽马射线入射光子原点的位置的空间分辨率的检测器（20）的处理。多个闪烁体材料构件（22）与入射的光子相互作用并产生可从数量上闪烁的材料构件的数量的光子。具有多个具有预定长度的辐射屏障（92）的调谐光导（68）限定与闪烁体材料构件之一可操作地相关的槽。离开闪烁体材料构件（22）的光子进入所述开槽光导中的可操作地关联的狭槽。这些槽（90）用于增强沿着带槽光导（68）的长度的光子的统计分布的可预测性。检测器（20）沿着狭缝光导的长度检测预选位置处的光子的分布。在一个实施例中，该检测器（20）包括光电倍增器（70），其收集关于光电子的信息，然后对其进行计数。这些光电子的统计分布通过改进的模式识别技术来处理，使得可以确定定位信息。

22. 发明授权

US4743764A Two dimensional photon counting position encoder system and process 失效
标题翻译：二维光子计数位置编码器系统及过程
公开(公告)号：US4743764A
公开(公告)日：1988-05-10
申请号：US677931
申请日：1984-12-04
申请人： Michael E. Casey , Ronald Nutt , Terry D. Douglas
发明人： Michael E. Casey , Ronald Nutt , Terry D. Douglas
IPC分类号： G01T1/202 , G01T1/29 , G01T1/20
CPC分类号： G01T1/202 , G01T1/2985
摘要： A two dimensional photon position encoder system (10) and process which includes a detector (20) for enhancing the spatial resolution of the situs of the origin of incident photons of gamma rays. A plurality of scintillator material members (22) interact with the incident photons and produce a quantifiable number of photons which exit the scintillation material members. A tuned light guide (68) having a plurality of radiation barriers (92) of predetermined lengths define slots which are operatively associated with one of the scintillator material members. Photons exiting the scintillator material members (22) enter an operatively associated slot in said slotted light guide. These slots (90) serve to enhance the predictability of the statistical distribution of photons along the length of the slotted light guide (68). A detector (20) detects the distribution of the photons at preselected locations along the length of the slotted light guide. In one embodiment, this detector (20) comprises a photomultiplier (70) which gathers information concerning the photoelectrons which are then counted. The statistical distribution of these photoelectrons is processed by an improved pattern recognition technique such that the positioning information can be determined.
摘要翻译：一种二维光子位置编码器系统（10），其包括用于增强伽马射线入射光子原点的位置的空间分辨率的检测器（20）的处理。多个闪烁体材料构件（22）与入射的光子相互作用并产生可从数量上闪烁的材料构件的数量的光子。具有多个具有预定长度的辐射屏障（92）的调谐光导（68）限定与闪烁体材料构件之一可操作地相关的槽。离开闪烁体材料构件（22）的光子进入所述开槽光导中的可操作地关联的狭槽。这些槽（90）用于增强沿着带槽光导（68）的长度的光子的统计分布的可预测性。检测器（20）沿着狭缝光导的长度检测预选位置处的光子的分布。在一个实施例中，该检测器（20）包括光电倍增器（70），其收集关于光电子的信息，然后对其进行计数。这些光电子的统计分布通过改进的模式识别技术来处理，使得可以确定定位信息。

23. 发明申请

US20210333422A1 Time-Resolved Positron Emission Tomography Encoder System for Producing Event-By-Event, Real-Time, High Resolution, Three-Dimensional Positron Emission Tomographic Image Without the Necessity of Performing Image Reconstruction 有权
公开(公告)号：US20210333422A1
公开(公告)日：2021-10-28
申请号：US17340485
申请日：2021-06-07
申请人： Ronald Nutt , Lynda J. Nutt
发明人： Ronald Nutt , Lynda J. Nutt
IPC分类号： G01T1/29 , A61B6/03
摘要： A Time-Resolved PET imaging system for producing an event-by-event, real-time, high resolution, three-dimensional positron emission tomographic images without performing sinogram formation or image reconstruction. The third dimension is provided by measuring the ΔT between the arrival times of gamma rays from a positron event being detected by two cooperating detectors. In order to determine the location of a positron event along the lines of response, the measurement includes a fast scintillator, constant fraction discriminator and the digital intervalometer. The arrival time of each photon in the annihilation process is recorded with respect to a clock frequency with picosecond resolution. This approach requires significantly fewer positron events, thus requiring fewer detectors, thereby resulting in an gamma event-by-gamma event, real-time TPET imaging system that is more efficient and more economical to produce than conventional PET systems.

24. 发明授权

US11054534B1 Time-resolved positron emission tomography encoder system for producing real-time, high resolution, three dimensional positron emission tomographic image without the necessity of performing image reconstruction 有权
公开(公告)号：US11054534B1
公开(公告)日：2021-07-06
申请号：US17093095
申请日：2020-11-09
申请人： Ronald Nutt , Lynda J. Nutt
发明人： Ronald Nutt , Lynda J. Nutt
IPC分类号： G01T1/29 , A61B6/03 , A61B6/00
摘要： A Time-Resolved PET imaging system for producing real-time, high resolution, three-dimensional positron emission tomographic images without performing sinogram formation or image reconstruction. The third dimension is provided by measuring the ΔT between the arrival times of gamma rays from a positron event being detected by two cooperating detectors. In order to determine the location of a positron event along the lines of response, the measurement includes a fast scintillator, constant fraction discriminator and the digital intervalometer. The arrival time of each photon in the annihilation process is recorded with respect to a clock frequency with picosecond resolution. This approach requires significantly fewer positron events, thus requiring fewer detectors, thereby resulting in a new, real-time TPET imaging system that is more efficient and more economical to produce than conventional PET systems.

25. 发明申请

US20110070158A1 Quality Control Module for Biomarker Generator System 审中-公开
标题翻译：生物标记发生器系统质量控制模块
公开(公告)号：US20110070158A1
公开(公告)日：2011-03-24
申请号：US12565552
申请日：2009-09-23
申请人： Ronald Nutt , Anthony M. Giamis , Aaron McFarland
发明人： Ronald Nutt , Anthony M. Giamis , Aaron McFarland
IPC分类号： A61K51/04 , B01J19/00 , G01N21/59 , G01N30/00
CPC分类号： A61K51/0491 , G01N21/25 , G01N21/59 , G01N21/80
摘要： A sample card and automated quality control module for a radiopharmaceutical synthesis system for conducting quality control tests on approximately one (1) unit dose of a radiopharmaceutical biomarker for use in positron emission tomography. The sample card and quality control module allow operators to conduct quality control tests in reduced time using micro-scale test samples from the radiopharmaceutical solution. The sample card works in conjunction with a microfluidic radiopharmaceutical synthesis system to collect samples of radiopharmaceutical solution on the scale of 5-20 microliters per sample. The sample card then interacts with the quality control module to feed the samples into a number of test vessels, where the samples undergo a number of automated quality control tests.
摘要翻译：用于放射性药物合成系统的样品卡和自动质量控制模块，用于对大约一（1）个单位剂量的用于正电子发射断层扫描的放射性药物生物标志物进行质量控制测试。样品卡和质量控制模块允许操作员使用来自放射性药物溶液的微量测试样品在缩短的时间内进行质量控制测试。样品卡与微流体放射性药物合成系统一起工作，以每个样品5-20微升的规模收集放射性药物溶液样品。样品卡然后与质量控制模块进行交互，以将样品进料到多个测试容器中，其中样品进行许多自动质量控制测试。

26. 发明授权

US06449331B1 Combined PET and CT detector and method for using same 有权
标题翻译：组合PET和CT检测器及其使用方法
公开(公告)号：US06449331B1
公开(公告)日：2002-09-10
申请号：US09756820
申请日：2001-01-09
申请人： Robert E. Nutt , Ronald Nutt
发明人： Robert E. Nutt , Ronald Nutt
IPC分类号： G01T1166
CPC分类号： G01T1/2985 , A61B6/032 , A61B6/037 , A61B6/5235 , G01T1/1603 , G01T1/1648
摘要： A combined positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) detector mounted on a single support on the same gantry of a combined PET and CT scanner. The common detector includes an array of scintillator crystals or pixels with each pixel mated to a photodetector. The photodetector is connected to discrete event circuitry, which provides discrete event information to the combined PET and CT scanner. Also, the photodetector is connected to integrating circuitry, which provides integrated count rate information to the CT scanner when the discrete event information is not adequate. By using a common detector, the registration of the PET image with the CT image is improved, less components are mounted on the gantry, the overall size of the gantry is reduced, resulting in a shorter tunnel and less rotating mass, and CT performance is enhanced by providing means for selecting the energy level of the x-rays to be detected.
摘要翻译：组合的正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和计算机断层摄影（CT）检测器安装在单个支架上，在组合的PET和CT扫描仪的同一台架上。公共检测器包括闪烁体晶体阵列或像素，每个像素与光电检测器配合。光电检测器连接到离散事件电路，其向组合的PET和CT扫描器提供离散事件信息。此外，光电检测器连接到积分电路，当离散事件信息不充分时，该积分电路向CT扫描器提供集成的计数率信息。通过使用共同的检测器，改善了PET图像与CT图像的配准，在台架上安装的部件较少，机架的整体尺寸减小，导致隧道更短，旋转质量更小，CT性能通过提供用于选择要检测的x射线的能级的装置来增强。

27. 发明授权

US06288399B1 Depth of interaction detector block for high resolution positron emission tomography 有权
标题翻译：用于高分辨率正电子发射断层扫描的相互作用探测器块的深度
公开(公告)号：US06288399B1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-11
申请号：US09190661
申请日：1998-11-12
申请人： Mark S. Andreaco , Charles W. Williams , Michael E. Casey , Ronald Nutt
发明人： Mark S. Andreaco , Charles W. Williams , Michael E. Casey , Ronald Nutt
IPC分类号： G01T1164
CPC分类号： G01T1/1642 , A61B6/037 , G01T1/171 , G01T1/2008
摘要： A depth of interaction detector block for improving the spatial resolution and uniformity in modern high resolution PET systems over an entire FOV. An LSO crystal layer, a GSO crystal layer, and a light guide are stacked on each other and mounted on a 2×2 PMT set, so that the corners of the phoswich are positioned over the PMT centers. The crystal phoswich is cut into a matrix of discrete crystals. The separation of the LSO and the GSO layers by pulse shape discrimination allows discrete DOI information to be obtained. The block design provides an external light guide used to share the scintillation light in four PMTs. The 4 PMT signals Si are connected to an amplifier box which offers a 4 pole semi-Gaussian shaping for each of the four PMT signals, a sample clock for triggering the ADC cards and a fast sum signal &Sgr;iSi of the four PMT signals Si for pulse shape discrimination. A CFD provides a START signal for the time to pulse height converter. The fast sum signal is in addition differentiated and integrated with a fast filter amplifier and connected to a CFD, which provides a STOP signal for the TAC. The outputs of the shaped PMT signals and the TAC are connected to two ADC cards running under computer control.
摘要翻译：相互作用探测器块的深度，用于改善现代高分辨率PET系统在整个FOV中的空间分辨率和均匀性。将LSO晶体层，GSO晶体层和导光体彼此堆叠并安装在2x2PMT组上，使得phoswich的角部位于PMT中心上方。将晶体切片切割成离散晶体的矩阵。通过脉冲形状识别分离LSO和GSO层可以获得离散的DOI信息。块设计提供了一个用于在四个PMT中共享闪烁灯的外部光导。 4个PMT信号Si连接到放大器盒，该放大器盒为四个PMT信号中的每一个提供4极半高斯整形，用于触发ADC卡的采样时钟和用于脉冲的四个PMT信号Si的快速和信号SIGMAiSi 形状辨别。 CFD为脉冲高度转换器提供START信号。快速和信号另外区分并与快速滤波放大器集成，并连接到CFD，为CF提供STOP信号。成形PMT信号和TAC的输出连接到在计算机控制下运行的两个ADC卡。

28. 发明授权

US5296708A Method and apparatus for transmission measurements to form a 3-D image in tomography applications 失效
标题翻译：用于透射测量以在层析成像应用中形成3-D图像的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5296708A
公开(公告)日：1994-03-22
申请号：US37303
申请日：1993-03-26
申请人： J. Clifton Moyers , Ronald Nutt
发明人： J. Clifton Moyers , Ronald Nutt
IPC分类号： G01T1/29 , G01T1/161
CPC分类号： G01T1/1611 , A61B6/037 , G01T1/2985
摘要： A method and apparatus for producing radioactive transmission measurements to form a 3-D image with a point source of radiation, such as required in tomography applications. This involves the passing of the point source proximate the face of each detector of the tomograph units. As such, attenuation data, transmission data, detector performance data, etc., can be obtained. This point source of radiation is rapidly circulated through a conduit that passes across each detector face under the influence of a transport fluid in, for example, an oscillatory motion to achieve a selected radiation field whereby calculation of transmission measurements within a body positioned within the tomograph scanner is achieved. When not being circulated, the radiation source is held within a shield. Circulation of the transport fluid, typically a hydraulic fluid, is typically accomplished using a positive displacement pump. Position sensors are used to monitor the movement of the source in the conduit as well as its position within the shield. Disconnect units permit removal of the radiation source, as contained in the shield, from the system without accessing any other portions of the system. The method and apparatus are illustrated as being applied to a positron emission tomograph units.
摘要翻译：一种用于产生放射性透射测量以形成具有放射源点的3-D图像的方法和装置，例如在层析成像应用中所需要的。这涉及点源的接近于断层摄影单元的每个检测器的面。因此，可以获得衰减数据，传输数据，检测器性能数据等。该点辐射源通过例如在振荡运动中的运输流体的影响下穿过每个检测器面的管道快速循环，以实现所选择的辐射场，从而计算位于层析成像仪内的体内的透射测量值扫描仪实现。当不被循环时，辐射源被保持在屏蔽内。输送流体（通常为液压流体）的循环通常使用容积式泵来完成。位置传感器用于监测管道中源头的运动以及其在护罩内的位置。断开连接单元允许从系统中移除包含在屏蔽层中的辐射源，而无需访问系统的任何其他部分。该方法和装置被示出为应用于正电子发射断层摄影单元。

29. 发明授权

US3983481A Digital intervalometer 失效
标题翻译：数字间隔仪
公开(公告)号：US3983481A
公开(公告)日：1976-09-28
申请号：US601907
申请日：1975-08-04
申请人： Ronald Nutt , Kelly Milam , Charles W. Williams
发明人： Ronald Nutt , Kelly Milam , Charles W. Williams
IPC分类号： G04F10/10 , G04F8/00
CPC分类号： G04F10/105
摘要： In the digital intervalometer disclosed herein, a vernier measurement providing a resolution finer than one clock period is obtained by charging a single capacitor both during the interval between a start signal and a subsequent clock pulse and also during the interval between a clock pulse subsequent to a stop signal and a delayed stop signal. The analog voltage to which the capacitor is charged is converted to a digital value, which digital value is then combined with a clock count accumulated between the stop and start signals to provide a combined digital measurement having a resolution substantially finer than one clock period.
摘要翻译：在本文公开的数字间隔计中，提供比一个时钟周期更精细的分辨率的游标测量通过在起始信号和后续时钟脉冲之间的间隔期间以及在一个时钟周期之后的时钟脉冲之间的间隔期间对单个电容器充电来获得停止信号和延迟停止信号。将电容器充电的模拟电压转换为数字值，然后将该数字值与在停止信号和起始信号之间累积的时钟计数进行组合，以提供具有比一个时钟周期更精细的分辨率的组合数字测量。

30. 发明授权

US09121893B2 Combined PET/MR imaging system and APD-based pet detector for use in simultaneous PET/MR imaging 有权
标题翻译：组合PET / MR成像系统和基于APD的宠物检测器，用于同时PET / MR成像
公开(公告)号：US09121893B2
公开(公告)日：2015-09-01
申请号：US11532665
申请日：2006-09-18
申请人： Matthias J. Schmand , Ron Grazioso , Ronald Nutt , Robert E. Nutt , Nan Zhang , James Luke Corbeil , Ralf Ladebeck , Markus Vester , Günter Schnur , Wolfgang Renz , Hubertus Fischer , Bernd J. Pichler
发明人： Matthias J. Schmand , Ron Grazioso , Ronald Nutt , Robert E. Nutt , Nan Zhang , James Luke Corbeil , Ralf Ladebeck , Markus Vester , Günter Schnur , Wolfgang Renz , Hubertus Fischer , Bernd J. Pichler
IPC分类号： G01T1/164 , G01T1/166 , G01R33/28 , G01R33/26 , G01R33/381 , G01R33/48 , G01T1/16 , G01T1/29 , A61B6/03 , A61B8/08
CPC分类号： G01R33/481 , A61B6/037 , A61B8/5261 , G01R33/26 , G01R33/28 , G01R33/307 , G01R33/381 , G01T1/1603 , G01T1/2018 , G01T1/2985
摘要： APD-based PET modules are provided for use in combined PET/MR imaging. Each module includes a number of independent, optically isolated detectors. Each detector includes an array of scintillator (e.g. LSO) crystals read out by an array of APDs. The modules are positioned in the tunnel of a MR scanner. Simultaneous, artifact-free images can be acquired with the APD-based PET and MR system resulting in a high-resolution and cost-effective integrated PET/MR system.
摘要翻译：提供基于APD的PET模块，用于组合PET / MR成像。每个模块包括多个独立的光隔离探测器。每个检测器包括由APD阵列读出的闪烁体阵列（例如LSO）晶体。模块位于MR扫描仪的通道中。基于APD的PET和MR系统可以获得同时，无伪影的图像，从而产生高分辨率和成本效益的集成PET / MR系统。

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