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21. 发明授权

US5573672A Water managed solvent extraction process for the organic wastes 失效
标题翻译：用于有机废物的水处理溶剂萃取过程
公开(公告)号：US5573672A
公开(公告)日：1996-11-12
申请号：US411351
申请日：1995-03-21
申请人： Alkis S. Rappas , Stephen C. Paspek , David S. Davies
发明人： Alkis S. Rappas , Stephen C. Paspek , David S. Davies
IPC分类号： B09C1/02 , C02F11/12 , C10G1/04 , B01D15/04
CPC分类号： C10G1/04 , B09C1/025 , C02F11/12 , Y10S210/903 , Y10S210/904
摘要： The invention relates to a process for separating extractable organic material from a composition comprising organic material intermixed with solids and water. The composition is contacted with a solvent and a dehydrating agent. The dehydrating agent removes water, improves the solvent extraction, and aids in later separation of the solids from the solvent. The process additionally provides a means for removing cyanide compounds from the composition and fixating the metals against leaching.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及从包含与固体和水混合的有机材料的组合物中分离可提取有机材料的方法。将组合物与溶剂和脱水剂接触。脱水剂除去水，改善溶剂萃取，有助于固体从溶剂中分离。该方法另外提供了从组合物中除去氰化物化合物并固定金属以防止浸出的方法。

22. 发明授权

US4148815A Amino-thiol nickel and cobalt solvent extraction 失效
标题翻译：氨基硫醇镍和钴溶剂萃取
公开(公告)号：US4148815A
公开(公告)日：1979-04-10
申请号：US831552
申请日：1977-09-08
申请人： Alkis S. Rappas , J. Paul Pemsler
发明人： Alkis S. Rappas , J. Paul Pemsler
IPC分类号： C01G51/00 , C01G53/00 , C22B3/34 , C22B23/06 , C07F15/04 , C07F15/06
CPC分类号： C01G53/003 , C01G51/003 , C22B23/065 , C22B3/0031 , Y02P10/234
摘要： A novel class of extractants and a method of using the extractants in the hydrometallurgical recovery of nickel and cobalt metal. The extractants comprise a water immiscible organic solvent system containing solubilized mercaptide anion. In an important embodiment of the invention, the mercaptide anions are generated by adding compounds containing both a thiol group and an amine group such as aminoethanethiols or amides of thioglycolic acids to water immiscible organic solvents, preferably of polar character. These systems generate the required mercaptide anions by undergoing an internal acid dissociation.The extractants are used by being contacted with cobalt, nickel, or cobalt and nickel pregnant aqueous solutions. On mixing, the cobalt and/or nickel values are taken up by the organic as cobalt and nickel mercaptides. These may then be stripped of cobalt and nickel by treatment with an aqueous alkaline solution and carbon monoxide.
摘要翻译：一类新型萃取剂和在镍和钴金属的湿法冶金回收中使用萃取剂的方法。萃取剂包含含有溶解硫醇盐阴离子的与水不混溶的有机溶剂体系。在本发明的一个重要实施方案中，通过将含硫醇基和胺基的化合物如氨基乙硫醇或巯基乙酸的酰胺加入到水不混溶的有机溶剂中，优选具有极性特征，产生硫醇盐阴离子。这些系统通过内部酸解离产生所需的硫醇阴离子。

23. 发明授权

US4047940A Separation and recovery of copper metal from ammoniacal solutions 失效
标题翻译：从氨溶液中分离和回收铜金属
公开(公告)号：US4047940A
公开(公告)日：1977-09-13
申请号：US695389
申请日：1976-06-14
申请人： Alkis S. Rappas , J. Paul Pemsler
发明人： Alkis S. Rappas , J. Paul Pemsler
IPC分类号： C01G3/00 , C07F1/08 , C22B3/26 , C22B15/00 , C22B15/12
CPC分类号： C22B15/0089 , C01G3/003 , C07F1/08 , C22B15/0076 , C22B15/0086 , C22B15/0093 , C22B3/0029 , Y02P10/234 , Y02P10/236
摘要： Copper is recovered from solutions containing cupric ammoniacal complexes by reducing copper in the complexes to the cuprous state and thereafter precipitating the copper as cuprous acetylide by passing acetylene through the solution. After the cuprous acetylide is separated from the solution and washed thoroughly, it is reacted with acetonitrile and an acid to form acetylene and a cuprous-acetonitrile complex: Cu(CH.sub.3 CN).sub.2.sup.+. The solution containing this complex is then flash distilled to remove the acetonitrile and to disproportionate unstable cuprous ions into copper metal and cupric ions. Following the disproportionation, the components are separated and copper metal is collected. SUBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThis invention relates to the recovery of copper from ammoniacal solution which may also contain nickel, cobalt, and other ions. In practicing the invention, very pure copper metal is obtained without the need to employ ion exchangers, acid stripping, electrowinning, or electrorefining.It is known that copper (as well as nickel and cobalt) can be leached from the ores with ammoniacal leach liquors. One method of separating the copper values from such leach liquors while leaving the nickel and other metals in the raffinate, is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,440,612 to M. Lichtenwalter entitled Separation of Copper. In accordance with the process disclosed therein, the copper is recovered from the ammoniacal leach solutions by first reducing the copper values to the cuprous state and then precipitating the reduced copper by reacting it with acetylene to yield insoluble copper actylide which may be separated from the solution by filtration. If silver, mercury, or gold components are present in the leaching solution with the copper, these will also be precipitated out.In addition to the above process, it is known that solutions of cuprous salts can be thermally or electrochemically disproportionated to produce copper and solutions of cupric salts. This method is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,865,744 to Alan J. Parker et al. In general, this method involves reacting a cuprous salt with a ligand, i.e., an organic nitrile, to form a cuprous nitrile complex such as Cu(CH.sub.3 CN).sub.2.sup.+. The solution containing the complex can then be distilled to produce copper powder, a cupric salt, and an organic nitrile.The present invention provides a method of isolating and purifying copper utilizing a novel combination of the above two known copper recovering processes.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe process of the present invention produces copper metal from an ammoniacal solution containing cuprous ions. The process comprises the steps of precipitating the cuprous ions from the ammoniacal solution as a cuprous acetylide, separating and washing the cuprous acetylide precipitate, acid hydrolyzing the cuprous acetylide in the presence of a cuprous ion stabilizing ligand, e.g., a nitrile, and disproportionating the resulting cuprous complex to produce copper metal and cupric salt.The process of the present invention is characterized by the use of reactions which take place at or near ambient temperatures and pressures, and thus a system for utilizing the process can be built at a relatively low cost. In addition, many of the reagents in the process can be recycled, allowing further cost savings, and the process is quite energy efficient. Also, upwards of 99% of the available copper can be recovered and the product metal is of very high purity.Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a process for obtaining pure copper from ammoniacal copper containing solutions which avoids the necessity of electrowinning the copper, is capable of continuous operation on an industrial scale with a relatively low capital outlay, involves reactions which occur at or near ambient temperatures and pressures, and employs reagents which are neither unduly corrosive nor consumed.Another object of the invention is to provide such a copper recovery process which is energy efficient and significantly diminishes the quantities of waste involved when compared with prior art processes by regenerating and recycling reagents.Still another object of the invention is to quantitatively separate copper from ammoniacal solutions containing copper and other metals such as nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, etc., without using an ion exchanger.Another object of the invention is to produce copper of very high purity by precipitating cuprous ions from solutions as a cuprous acetylide, separating the cuprous acetylide precipitate, reacting the acetylide with an acid and a nitrile to form a cuprous-nitrile complex, and disproportionating the cuprous ion to produce copper metal.
摘要翻译：通过将络合物中的铜还原为亚铜状态，然后通过使乙炔通过溶液将铜沉淀为乙炔化亚铜，从含有铜铵络合物的溶液中回收铜。将乙炔化亚铜与溶液分离并彻底洗涤后，与乙腈和酸反应形成乙炔和亚铜 - 乙腈络合物：Cu（CH 3 CN）2。然后将含有该络合物的溶液快速蒸馏除去乙腈，将不相称的不稳定的亚铜离子转移到铜金属和铜离子中。在歧化之后，分离组分并收集铜金属。

24. 发明授权

US08297542B2 Coal compositions for catalytic gasification 有权
标题翻译：用于催化气化的煤组合物
公开(公告)号：US08297542B2
公开(公告)日：2012-10-30
申请号：US12395348
申请日：2009-02-27
申请人： Alkis S. Rappas , George Frederick Salem
发明人： Alkis S. Rappas , George Frederick Salem
IPC分类号： B02C11/08 , F26B3/02 , C10L3/08
CPC分类号： C10J3/00 , B01J23/02 , B01J23/04 , B01J23/34 , B01J23/745 , B01J23/78 , B01J35/0006 , C10J3/482 , C10J2300/0903 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0973 , C10J2300/0983 , C10J2300/0986 , C10J2300/1853 , C10L5/00 , C10L9/00 , Y02P20/52
摘要： Particulate compositions are described comprising an intimate mixture of a coal and a gasification catalyst in the presence of steam to yield a plurality of gases including methane and at least one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and other higher hydrocarbons are formed. Processes are also provided for the preparation of the particulate compositions and converting the particulate composition into a plurality of gaseous products.
摘要翻译：描述了颗粒组合物，其包括在蒸汽存在下的煤和气化催化剂的紧密混合物，以产生多种气体，包括甲烷和氢，一氧化碳，二氧化碳，硫化氢，氨和其它更高级的至少一种形成烃。还提供了用于制备颗粒组合物并将颗粒组合物转化为多种气态产物的方法。

25. 发明申请

US20120271072A1 HYDROMETHANATION OF A CARBONACEOUS FEEDSTOCK 审中-公开
标题翻译：一种碳酸饲料的水解
公开(公告)号：US20120271072A1
公开(公告)日：2012-10-25
申请号：US13450995
申请日：2012-04-19
申请人： Earl T. Robinson , Alkis S. Rappas
发明人： Earl T. Robinson , Alkis S. Rappas
IPC分类号： C10G1/00
CPC分类号： C10J3/463 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0973 , C10J2300/0986 , C10J2300/1807 , C10J2300/1838 , C10L3/08 , C10L3/101 , Y02P20/52
摘要： The present invention relates to processes for hydromethanating a carbonaceous feedstock to a methane-enriched synthesis gas and a char by-product, with catalyst recovery from the by-product char to generate a spent char, and with treatment of the spent char to generate a carbon rich portion which is ultimately recycled to the hydromethanation reactor to increase overall carbon utilization and increase yields of product gas (per unit of feedstock).
摘要翻译：本发明涉及将含碳原料氢化成甲烷富集的合成气和焦炭副产物的方法，其中催化剂从副产物焦炭回收以产生废焦炭，并且处理废炭以产生富碳部分，其最终再循环到水合反应器以增加总碳利用并提高产物气体的产率（每单位原料）。

26. 发明授权

US08286901B2 Coal compositions for catalytic gasification 有权
标题翻译：用于催化气化的煤组合物
公开(公告)号：US08286901B2
公开(公告)日：2012-10-16
申请号：US12395353
申请日：2009-02-27
申请人： Alkis S. Rappas , George Frederick Salem
发明人： Alkis S. Rappas , George Frederick Salem
IPC分类号： B02C11/08 , F26B3/02 , C10L3/08
CPC分类号： C10J3/54 , C10J3/482 , C10J2300/0903 , C10J2300/0916 , C10J2300/0943 , C10J2300/0986 , C10L1/326 , C10L5/04 , C10L5/44 , Y02E50/10 , Y02E50/30 , Y02P20/145
摘要： Particulate compositions are described comprising an intimate mixture of a coal and a gasification catalyst. The particulate compositions are gasified in the presence of steam to yield a plurality of gases including methane and at least one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and other higher hydrocarbons. Processes are also provided for the preparation of the particulate compositions and converting the particulate composition into a plurality of gaseous products.
摘要翻译：描述了包含煤和气化催化剂的紧密混合物的颗粒组合物。颗粒组合物在蒸汽存在下气化，产生多种气体，包括甲烷和氢，一氧化碳，二氧化碳，硫化氢，氨和其它高级烃中的至少一种或多种。还提供了用于制备颗粒组合物并将颗粒组合物转化为多种气态产物的方法。

27. 发明授权

US08163048B2 Catalyst-loaded coal compositions, methods of making and use 有权
标题翻译：催化剂负载煤组合物，制备和使用方法
公开(公告)号：US08163048B2
公开(公告)日：2012-04-24
申请号：US12178380
申请日：2008-07-23
申请人： Alkis S. Rappas , George Frederick Salem , Edwin J. Hippo
发明人： Alkis S. Rappas , George Frederick Salem , Edwin J. Hippo
IPC分类号： B01J23/04 , C07C4/00
CPC分类号： B01J23/02 , B01J21/18 , B01J38/48 , C10J3/00 , C10J3/482 , C10J3/54 , C10J2300/0906 , C10J2300/0909 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0973 , C10J2300/0983 , C10J2300/1807 , C10J2300/1823 , C10L9/08 , C10L9/10 , Y02P20/125 , Y02P20/52 , Y02P20/582 , Y02P20/584
摘要： The present invention relates to catalyst-loaded coal compositions having a moisture content of less than about 6 wt %, a process for the preparation of catalyst-loaded coal compositions, and an integrated process for the gasification of the catalyst-loaded coal compositions. The catalyst-loaded coal compositions can be prepared by a diffusive catalyst loading process that provides for a highly dispersed catalyst that is predominantly associated with the coal matrix, such as by ion-exchange.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及含水量小于约6重量％的催化剂负载煤组合物，制备载有催化剂的煤组合物的方法，以及催化剂负载煤组合物气化的综合方法。催化剂负载的煤组合物可以通过扩散催化剂装载方法制备，该方法提供主要与煤基质相关的高度分散的催化剂，例如通过离子交换。

28. 发明申请

US20090169449A1 Catalytic Gasification Process with Recovery of Alkali Metal from Char 有权
标题翻译：催化气化过程，从碱中回收碱金属
公开(公告)号：US20090169449A1
公开(公告)日：2009-07-02
申请号：US12342736
申请日：2008-12-23
申请人： Alkis S. Rappas , Robert A. Spitz
发明人： Alkis S. Rappas , Robert A. Spitz
IPC分类号： C22B26/10
CPC分类号： C10J3/463 , C10J3/00 , C10J2300/0903 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0943 , C10J2300/0973 , C10J2300/0986 , C10J2300/16 , C10J2300/1631 , C10J2300/169 , C10J2300/1807 , C10J2300/1853
摘要： Processes are described for the extraction and recovery of alkali metal from the char that results from catalytic gasification of a carbonaceous material. Among other steps, the processes of the invention include a hydrothermal leaching step in which a slurry of insoluble particulate comprising insoluble alkali metal compounds is treated with carbon dioxide and steam at elevated temperatures and pressures to effect the conversion of insoluble alkali metal compounds to soluble alkali metal compounds. Further, processes are described for the catalytic gasification of a carbonaceous material where a substantial portion of alkali metal is extracted and recovered from the char that results from the catalytic gasification process.
摘要翻译：描述了从碳质材料的催化气化产生的炭中提取和回收碱金属的方法。除了其他步骤之外，本发明的方法包括水热浸出步骤，其中包含不溶性碱金属化合物的不溶性颗粒的浆料在二氧化碳和蒸汽在升高的温度和压力下进行处理，以使不溶性碱金属化合物转化为可溶性碱金属化合物。另外，对碳素材料的催化气化进行了描述，其中从催化气化过程产生的炭中萃取和回收了大部分碱金属。

29. 发明授权

US4545816A Processes relating to the extraction of metals from laterites and ocean manganese nodules 失效
标题翻译：与红土和海洋锰结核提取金属有关的过程
公开(公告)号：US4545816A
公开(公告)日：1985-10-08
申请号：US616841
申请日：1984-06-04
申请人： Alkis S. Rappas
发明人： Alkis S. Rappas
IPC分类号： C22B3/00 , C22B3/04 , C22B3/06 , C22B3/08 , C22B3/16 , C22B15/00 , C22B47/00 , C22B23/04 , C22B15/08
CPC分类号： C22B23/0415 , C22B15/0067 , C22B15/0089 , C22B3/06 , C22B3/08 , C22B3/1683 , C22B47/00 , C22B47/0063 , Y02P10/234 , Y02P10/236 , Y10S423/04
摘要： The selective leaching of metal ions from various iron oxide and manganese oxide containing ores employs intermediary solutions. The leaching processes are based upon a redox acid leach step employing stabilized cuprous ions and, in one instance, a combination thereof with ferrous ions. Leaching is conducted at low temperatures, up to about 90.degree. C. and low pressures, up to about 1.5 MPa and at a pH of about 1.5 to 2.5. Nickel and cobalt recoveries from the ores, employing these processes, will usually equal or exceed 90 percent. The intermediary solutions comprise stabilized acidic cuprous ions Cu.sup.+ L wherein L is a stabilizing ligand selected from the group consisting of CO, XRCN and Cl.sup.-, X being --H or --OH and R being aliphatic having from one to about four carbon atoms. In at least one process, ferrous ions are introduced for a separate leaching step. Additional steps include regeneration of the lixiviant cuprous ion solutions and removing a portion of the copper ions from the copper ion solution before or after the step of regenerating. Several processes for the regeneration are possible employing quinolic compounds, H.sub.2, CO or syngas as reductants.
摘要翻译：来自各种氧化铁和含氧化锰的矿石的金属离子的选择性浸出采用中间解决方案。浸出过程基于使用稳定的亚铜离子的氧化还原浸出步骤，在一种情况下，其与亚铁离子的组合。浸出在低至约90℃，低压，高达约1.5MPa，pH约1.5至2.5的低温下进行。使用这些工艺的矿石的镍和钴回收率通常会等于或超过90％。中间溶液包含稳定的酸性亚铜离子Cu + L，其中L是选自CO，XRCN和Cl-的稳定配体，X是-H或-OH，R是具有1至约4个碳原子的脂族基。在至少一个方法中，引入亚铁离子用于单独的浸出步骤。另外的步骤包括在再生步骤之前或之后再生氯化锂离子溶液并从铜离子溶液中除去一部分铜离子。使用喹啉化合物，H 2，CO或合成气作为还原剂的几种再生方法是可能的。

30. 发明授权

US4320094A Partitioning of refractory metals from oxidation resistant scrap alloy 失效
$Partitioning of refractory metals from oxidation resistant scrap alloy$
标题翻译：耐腐蚀废料合金中难熔金属的分割
公开(公告)号：US4320094A
公开(公告)日：1982-03-16
申请号：US140428
申请日：1980-04-15
申请人： Jameel Menashi , Alkis S. Rappas , Donald A. Douglas
发明人： Jameel Menashi , Alkis S. Rappas , Donald A. Douglas
IPC分类号： C22B34/00 , C22B7/00 , C22B34/20 , C22B34/30 , C01G37/00 , C01G39/00 , C01G41/00
CPC分类号： C22B34/20 , C22B34/30 , C22B7/001 , C22B7/006 , Y02P10/214 , Y02P10/22 , Y02P10/224 , Y02P10/23 , Y02P10/234 , Y02P10/236
摘要： Alloy scrap containing refractory metals such as chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, niobium and tantalum and base metals such as nickel, cobalt, copper and iron are treated to partition the refractory metal values from the base metal values without an energy intensive remelting step. The scrap in finely divided form is calcined in the presence of an oxygen containing gas and a member of a certain group of alkali metal salts at a temperature in the range of 800.degree. C. to 1150.degree. C. for 1/4 hour to four hours. This treatment converts the refractory metals to alkali metal molybdates, tungstates, chromates, vanadates, niobates and tantalates and the base metals to oxides. The calcined product may then be water leached to produce a substantially base metal-free liquor rich in refractory metal values. Both the refractory and the base metal values may be subsequently recovered by conventional hydrometallurgical techniques.
摘要翻译：处理含有难熔金属如铬，钼，钨，钒，铌和钽以及诸如镍，钴，铜和铁的贱金属的合金废料，以将不熔金属值与贱金属值分开，而无需能量密集的重熔步骤。细碎形式的废料在含氧气体和某一组碱金属盐的成员的存在下在800至1150℃的温度范围内煅烧1/4小时至4 小时。该处理将难熔金属转化为碱金属钼酸盐，钨酸盐，铬酸盐，钒酸盐，铌酸盐和钽酸盐，并将贱金属转化为氧化物。然后煅烧产物可以被水浸洗以产生富含难熔金属值的基本上无碱金属的液体。耐火材料和贱金属值都可以随后通过常规的湿法冶金技术回收。

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