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11. 发明授权

US5908896A Organic aerogel microspheres 失效
标题翻译：有机气凝胶微球
公开(公告)号：US5908896A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-01
申请号：US586038
申请日：1996-01-16
申请人： Steven T. Mayer , Fung-Ming Kong , Richard W. Pekala , James L. Kaschmitter
发明人： Steven T. Mayer , Fung-Ming Kong , Richard W. Pekala , James L. Kaschmitter
IPC分类号： B01J13/00 , H01G9/00 , H01G9/155 , C01B31/00
CPC分类号： H01G9/155 , B01J13/00 , B01J13/0091 , Y02E60/13 , Y10T428/2982
摘要： Organic aerogel microspheres which can be used in capacitors, batteries, thermal insulation, adsorption/filtration media, and chromatographic packings, having diameters ranging from about 1 micron to about 3 mm. The microspheres can be pyrolyzed to form carbon aerogel microspheres. This method involves stirring the aqueous organic phase in mineral oil at elevated temperature until the dispersed organic phase polymerizes and forms nonsticky gel spheres. The size of the microspheres depends on the collision rate of the liquid droplets and the reaction rate of the monomers from which the aqueous solution is formed. The collision rate is governed by the volume ratio of the aqueous solution to the mineral oil and the shear rate, while the reaction rate is governed by the chemical formulation and the curing temperature.
摘要翻译：可用于电容器，电池，绝热，吸附/过滤介质和色谱填料的有机气凝胶微球，其直径范围为约1微米至约3毫米。微球可以热解形成碳气凝胶微球。该方法包括在升高的温度下在矿物油中搅拌含水有机相，直到分散的有机相聚合并形成不粘的凝胶球。微球的大小取决于液滴的碰撞速率和形成水溶液的单体的反应速率。碰撞率由水溶液与矿物油的体积比和剪切速率决定，反应速率由化学配方和固化温度决定。

12. 发明授权

US5789338A Process for producing carbon foams for energy storage devices 失效
标题翻译：用于生产储能装置的碳泡沫的方法
公开(公告)号：US5789338A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-04
申请号：US619393
申请日：1996-03-20
申请人： James L. Kaschmitter , Steven T. Mayer , Richard W. Pekala
发明人： James L. Kaschmitter , Steven T. Mayer , Richard W. Pekala
IPC分类号： C04B38/00 , C08G8/04 , C08G8/20 , H01G9/00 , H01G9/155 , B01J20/30
CPC分类号： H01G9/155 , C04B38/0022 , C08G8/04 , C08G8/20 , H01G11/34 , C04B2111/00844 , Y02E60/13
摘要： A high energy density capacitor incorporating a variety of carbon foam electrodes is described. The foams, derived from the pyrolysis of resorcinol-formaldehyde and related polymers, are high density (0.1 g/cc-1.0 g/cc) electrically conductive and have high surface areas (400 m.sup.2 /g-1000 m.sup.2 /g). Capacitances on the order of several tens of farad per gram of electrode are achieved.
摘要翻译：描述了包含各种碳泡沫电极的高能量密度电容器。衍生自间苯二酚 - 甲醛和相关聚合物的热解的泡沫体具有高密度（0.1g / cc-1.0g / cc）的导电性，并具有高的表面积（400m2 / g-1000m2 / g）。实现了每克电极数十法拉的数量级。

13. 发明授权

US5601938A Carbon aerogel electrodes for direct energy conversion 失效
标题翻译：碳气凝胶电极，用于直接能量转换
公开(公告)号：US5601938A
公开(公告)日：1997-02-11
申请号：US183876
申请日：1994-01-21
申请人： Steven T. Mayer , James L. Kaschmitter , Richard W. Pekala
发明人： Steven T. Mayer , James L. Kaschmitter , Richard W. Pekala
IPC分类号： H01M4/92 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/08
CPC分类号： H01M4/96 , H01M8/08 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M4/92
摘要： A direct energy conversion device, such as a fuel cell, using carbon aerogel electrodes, wherein the carbon aerogel is loaded with a noble catalyst, such as platinum or rhodium and soaked with phosphoric acid, for example. A separator is located between the electrodes, which are placed in a cylinder having plate current collectors positioned adjacent the electrodes and connected to a power supply, and a pair of gas manifolds, containing hydrogen and oxygen positioned adjacent the current collectors. Due to the high surface area and excellent electrical conductivity of carbon aerogels, the problems relative to high polarization resistance of carbon composite electrodes conventionally used in fuel cells are overcome.
摘要翻译：直接能量转换装置，例如使用碳气凝胶电极的燃料电池，其中碳气凝胶装载有贵金属催化剂，例如铂或铑，并用磷酸浸泡。分离器位于电极之间，其被放置在具有邻近电极定位并且连接到电源的板集流器的气缸中，以及一对包含位于集流器附近的氢和氧的气体歧管。由于碳气凝胶的高表面积和优异的导电性，克服了常规用于燃料电池中的碳复合电极的高极化电阻的问题。

14. 发明授权

US5336274A Method for forming a cell separator for use in bipolar-stack energy storage devices 失效
标题翻译：用于形成用于双极堆叠储能装置的电池隔板的方法
公开(公告)号：US5336274A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-09
申请号：US90881
申请日：1993-07-08
申请人： Steven T. Mayer , John H. Feikert , James L. Kaschmitter , Richard W. Pekala
发明人： Steven T. Mayer , John H. Feikert , James L. Kaschmitter , Richard W. Pekala
IPC分类号： H01G9/00 , H01G9/155 , H01M6/48 , H01M8/02 , H01M6/00 , H01M2/16 , H01M6/46
CPC分类号： H01G9/155 , H01M6/48 , H01M8/0213 , Y02E60/13 , Y10T29/49114
摘要： An improved multi-cell electrochemical energy storage device, such as a battery, fuel cell, or double layer capacitor using a cell separator which allows cells to be stacked and interconnected with low electrical resistance and high reliability while maximizing packaging efficiency. By adding repeating cells, higher voltages can be obtained. The cell separator is formed by applying an organic adhesive on opposing surfaces of adjacent carbon electrodes or surfaces of aerogel electrodes of a pair of adjacent cells prior to or after pyrolysis thereof to form carbon aerogel electrodes. The cell separator is electronically conductive, but ionically isolating, preventing an electrolytic conduction path between adjacent cells in the stack.
摘要翻译：改进的多单元电化学能量存储装置，例如电池，燃料电池或使用电池隔板的双层电容器，其允许电池以低电阻和高可靠性堆叠和互连，同时最大限度地提高包装效率。通过添加重复单元，可以获得更高的电压。通过在热分解之前或之后，在相邻的碳电极或一对相邻电池的气凝胶电极的表面的相对表面上施加有机粘合剂来形成电池隔板，以形成碳气凝胶电极。细胞分离器是电子导电的，但是离子隔离，防止堆叠中相邻细胞之间的电解传导路径。

15. 发明授权

US5393619A Cell separator for use in bipolar-stack energy storage devices 失效
标题翻译：用于双极堆叠储能装置的电池分离器
公开(公告)号：US5393619A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-28
申请号：US229239
申请日：1994-04-18
申请人： Steven T. Mayer , John H. Feikert , James L. Kachmitter , Richard W. Pekala
发明人： Steven T. Mayer , John H. Feikert , James L. Kachmitter , Richard W. Pekala
IPC分类号： H01G9/00 , H01G9/155 , H01M6/48 , H01M8/02 , H01M6/46 , H01M2/16
CPC分类号： H01G9/155 , H01M6/48 , H01M8/0213 , Y02E60/13 , Y10T29/49114
摘要： An improved multi-cell electrochemical energy storage device, such as a battery, fuel cell, or double layer capacitor using a cell separator which allows cells to be stacked and interconnected with low electrical resistance and high reliability while maximizing packaging efficiency. By adding repeating cells, higher voltages can be obtained. The cell separator is formed by applying an organic adhesive on opposing surfaces of adjacent carbon electrodes or surfaces of aerogel electrodes of a pair of adjacent cells prior to or after pyrolysis thereof to form carbon aerogel electrodes. The cell separator is electronically conductive, but ionically isolating, preventing an electrolytic conduction path between adjacent cells in the stack.
摘要翻译：改进的多单元电化学能量存储装置，例如电池，燃料电池或使用电池隔板的双层电容器，其允许电池以低电阻和高可靠性堆叠和互连，同时最大限度地提高包装效率。通过添加重复单元，可以获得更高的电压。通过在热分解之前或之后，在相邻的碳电极或一对相邻电池的气凝胶电极的表面的相对表面上施加有机粘合剂来形成电池隔板，以形成碳气凝胶电极。细胞分离器是电子导电的，但是离子隔离，防止堆叠中相邻细胞之间的电解传导路径。

16. 发明授权

US08592089B2 In-situ pore generation in lead-acid battery separator using electrolyte-soluble pore former 有权
标题翻译：铅酸蓄电池隔膜中使用电解质溶解成孔剂的原位孔生成
公开(公告)号：US08592089B2
公开(公告)日：2013-11-26
申请号：US12600226
申请日：2008-05-15
申请人： Chi Thuong-Le La , Robert R. Waterhouse , Richard W. Pekala
发明人： Chi Thuong-Le La , Robert R. Waterhouse , Richard W. Pekala
IPC分类号： H01M2/16
CPC分类号： H01M2/1653 , H01M10/06 , H01M10/14
摘要： A microporous polyethylene battery separator material (212), for use in a flooded-cell type lead-acid battery, benefits from increased porosity, enhanced wettability, and exceptionally low electrical resistance when an electrolyte-soluble pore former is employed in the manufacturing process. The pore former (210) is soluble in electrolytic fluid and therefore dissolves in-situ in sulfuric acid during battery assembly. The dissolution of the pore former leaves behind additional, larger voids (220) in the separator material and thereby enhances ionic diffusion and improves battery performance.
摘要翻译：用于淹水池型铅酸蓄电池的微孔聚乙烯电池隔板材料（212）在制造过程中使用电解质可溶性成孔剂时，可以获得孔隙率增加，润湿性提高和极低的电阻。成孔剂（210）可溶于电解液，因此在电池组装过程中溶解在硫酸中。造孔剂的溶解留在分离器材料中的另外更大的空隙（220）之后，从而增强离子扩散并改善电池性能。

17. 发明授权

US06704192B2 Electrically conductive, freestanding microporous sheet for use in an ultracapacitor 有权
标题翻译：用于超级电容器的导电，独立的微孔片材
公开(公告)号：US06704192B2
公开(公告)日：2004-03-09
申请号：US09975288
申请日：2001-10-10
申请人： Richard W. Pekala
发明人： Richard W. Pekala
IPC分类号： H01G900
CPC分类号： H01M4/8605 , H01G9/042 , H01G9/155 , H01M2/1653 , H01M2/1673 , H01M4/50 , H01M4/622 , H01M4/623 , H01M4/8875 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/1004 , Y02E60/13 , Y10T29/417
摘要： A freestanding, microporous polymer sheet is composed of a polymer matrix binding an electrically conductive matrix. The polymer matrix preferably includes UHMWPE, and the electrically conductive matrix preferably contains one of a carbonaceous material and a metal oxide, or a combination thereof. The UHMWPE is of a molecular weight that provides sufficient molecular chain entanglement to form a sheet with freestanding characteristics. Multiple microporous sheets can be wound or stacked in a package filled with an electrolyte to function as electrodes in an energy storage device, such as a battery or an ultracapacitor.
摘要翻译：独立的微孔聚合物片材由结合导电基质的聚合物基质组成。聚合物基体优选包括UHMWPE，并且导电基质优选含有碳质材料和金属氧化物之一，或其组合。 UHMWPE具有提供足够的分子链缠结以形成具有独立特性的片材的分子量。可以将多个微孔板卷绕或堆叠在填充有电解质的包装中，用作诸如电池或超级电容器的能量存储装置中的电极。

18. 发明申请

US20110045339A1 IN-SITU PORE GENERATION IN LEAD-ACID BATTERY SEPARATOR 有权
标题翻译：铅酸蓄电池分离器中的原位生成
公开(公告)号：US20110045339A1
公开(公告)日：2011-02-24
申请号：US12600226
申请日：2008-05-15
申请人： Chi Thuong-Le La , Robert R. Waterhouse , Richard W. Pekala
发明人： Chi Thuong-Le La , Robert R. Waterhouse , Richard W. Pekala
IPC分类号： H01M2/16 , H01M10/06
CPC分类号： H01M2/1653 , H01M10/06 , H01M10/14
摘要： A microporous polyethylene battery separator material (212), for use in a flooded-cell type lead-acid battery, benefits from increased porosity, enhanced wettability, and exceptionally low electrical resistance when an electrolyte-soluble pore former is employed in the manufacturing process. The pore former (210) is soluble in electrolytic fluid and therefore dissolves in-situ in sulfuric acid during battery assembly. The dissolution of the pore former leaves behind additional, larger voids (220) in the separator material and thereby enhances ionic diffusion and improves battery performance.
摘要翻译：用于淹水池型铅酸蓄电池的微孔聚乙烯电池隔板材料（212）在制造过程中使用电解质可溶性成孔剂时，可以获得孔隙率增加，润湿性提高和极低的电阻。成孔剂（210）可溶于电解液，因此在电池组装过程中溶解在硫酸中。造孔剂的溶解留在分离器材料中的另外更大的空隙（220）之后，从而增强离子扩散并改善电池性能。

19. 发明授权

US07211322B2 Lead acid battery separator with improved electrical and mechanical properties 有权
标题翻译：铅酸电池隔膜具有改善的电气和机械性能
公开(公告)号：US07211322B2
公开(公告)日：2007-05-01
申请号：US11341939
申请日：2006-01-26
申请人： Richard W. Pekala
发明人： Richard W. Pekala
IPC分类号： B32B5/22
CPC分类号： H01M2/166 , C08K3/36 , H01M2/1653 , H01M2/1686 , H01M10/12 , Y10T428/249953 , Y10T428/249956 , Y10T428/249986 , Y10T428/249991 , Y10T428/259 , C08L23/02
摘要： An oxidation resistant, microporous polyolefin web exhibiting high-strength mechanical and low electrical resistance properties is a solid matrix that includes an ultrahigh molecular weight polyolefin component and a friable precipitated silica component. The ultrahigh molecular weight polyolefin component provides high-strength mechanical properties to the web. The friable precipitated silica component is broken down into predominately discrete silica aggregates dispersed throughout the microporous web to maintain a low electrical resistance in the presence of an electrolyte. In an alternative preferred embodiment, a polyethylene web includes an antioxidant coating that is applied to the separator web following extraction of the majority of the process oils and drying of the extraction fluid from the separator pores. The resultant “sheath” of antioxidant protects the mechanical integrity of the polyethylene separator by suppressing polyethylene degradation.
摘要翻译：表现出高强度机械和低电阻性能的抗氧化微孔聚烯烃纤维网是包含超高分子量聚烯烃组分和易碎沉淀二氧化硅组分的固体基质。超高分子量聚烯烃组分为纤维网提供高强度机械性能。易碎的沉淀二氧化硅组分被分解成分散在整个微孔纤维网中的主要离散的二氧化硅聚集体，以在电解质存在下保持低电阻。在替代的优选实施方案中，聚乙烯纤维网包括抗氧化剂涂层，其在萃取大部分工艺油并从分离器孔中干燥萃取流体之后施加到隔板网。所得的抗氧化剂“护套”通过抑制聚乙烯降解来保护聚乙烯隔板的机械完整性。

20. 发明授权

US6025068A Inkjet printable coating for microporous materials 失效
标题翻译：用于微孔材料的喷墨可印刷涂层
公开(公告)号：US6025068A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-15
申请号：US23374
申请日：1998-02-13
申请人： Richard W. Pekala
发明人： Richard W. Pekala
IPC分类号： B41M5/52 , C08L71/02 , B32B3/26 , B41M5/00
CPC分类号： C08L71/02 , B41M5/5254 , B41M5/5281 , Y10T428/249978 , Y10T428/249985 , Y10T428/249986 , Y10T428/249991 , Y10T428/259
摘要： A microporous material substrate is coated with a coating composition comprising a volatile aqueous liquid medium and binder dissolved or dispersed in the volatile aqueous liquid medium, wherein the binder comprises film-forming organic polymer comprising: (a) water-soluble poly(ethylene oxide) having a weight average molecular weight in the range of from 100,000 to 3,000,000, and (b) water-soluble or water-dispersible crosslinkable urethane-acrylate hybrid polymer. Finely divided substantially water-insoluble filler particles may optionally be present in the coating composition. After drying and crosslinking, the peel strength between the coating and the microporous material substrate is high. The coating may be inkjet printed. The printed coating may be coated by or laminated to a substantially transparent protective layer.
摘要翻译：微孔材料基材涂覆有包含挥发性水性液体介质和溶解或分散在挥发性水性液体介质中的粘合剂的涂料组合物，其中粘合剂包括成膜有机聚合物，其包含：（a）水溶性聚（环氧乙烷）重均分子量在100,000至3,000,000范围内，和（b）水溶性或水分散性交联的氨基甲酸酯 - 丙烯酸酯杂化聚合物。基本上水分非常小的填料颗粒可以任选地存在于涂料组合物中。干燥和交联后，涂层和微孔材料基片之间的剥离强度高。涂层可以喷墨印刷。印刷的涂层可以被涂覆或层压到基本上透明的保护层。

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