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1. 发明专利

JP2007239269A Shield machine and wide part constructing method of shield tunnel 有权
标题翻译：屏蔽机及其部分构造方法
公开(公告)号：JP2007239269A
公开(公告)日：2007-09-20
申请号：JP2006061409
申请日：2006-03-07
申请人： Hitachi Zosen Corp , Nishimatsu Constr Co Ltd , 日立造船株式会社 , 西松建設株式会社
发明人： UCHIDA KATSUMI , NAKAYAMA TSUTOMU , NAKADA HARUHISA , IMAKITA KEISUKE , HANAOKA TAIJI , KANO TAKASHI
IPC分类号： E21D9/087 , E21D9/06 , E21D9/10
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To remove mud and earth of muddy water including excavation earth, while excavating a wide cavity part by a copy cutter. SOLUTION: This shield machine has a cutter 5 in front of a body, and has the copy cutter 6 projectable from a peripheral surface of this cutter 5, and has a movable cutoff wall 21 capable of longitudinally cutting off the wide cavity part C by projecting from a body peripheral surface 1 to the wide cavity part C excavated by projecting the copy cutter 6. The wide cavity part C is excavated by the copy cutter 6 while advancing boring by the shield machine in a state of longitudinally cutting off the wide cavity part C in the boring advancing direction of the shield machine by projecting the cutoff wall 21 from the body peripheral surface of this shield machine. At the same time, a lubricant/high pressure water is injected into the wide cavity part C from a front face from the cutoff wall 21, and the lubricant/high pressure water is also injected into the wide cavity part C from the body peripheral surface 1. Just after the cutoff wall 21, a filler is injected into the wide cavity part C from the body peripheral surface 1. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：通过复印切割机挖掘一个宽的腔体部分，去除包括挖土的泥水在内的泥土。解决方案：该屏蔽机在机身前方具有切割器5，并且具有可从该切割器5的周边表面突出的复制切割器6，并且具有能够纵向切断宽空腔部分的可移动的切割壁21 C通过从主体周面1突出到通过突出复制切割器6挖掘的宽空腔部分C而突出。宽空腔部分C由复制切割器6挖掘，同时在纵向切断通过从该屏蔽机的主体周边表面突出切断壁21，在屏蔽机的镗孔前进方向上的宽空腔部C。同时，润滑剂/高压水从切断壁21的前表面注入宽空腔部分C，并且润滑剂/高压水也从主体周边表面注入宽空腔部分C 刚好在截止壁21之后，填充物从身体周边表面1注入到宽空腔部分C.版权所有：（C）2007，JPO＆INPIT

2. 发明专利

JP2007031947A Sealed type tunnel boring machine method 有权
标题翻译：密封式隧道掘进机方法
公开(公告)号：JP2007031947A
公开(公告)日：2007-02-08
申请号：JP2005212366
申请日：2005-07-22
申请人： Nishimatsu Constr Co Ltd , 西松建設株式会社
发明人： UCHIDA KATSUMI
IPC分类号： E21D9/10 , E21D9/13
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform efficient construction by using a tunnel boring machine (TBM), even in the presence of natural ground associated with a large quantity of sump water and high-pressure groundwater, when a mountain tunnel targeting a bedrock is bored. SOLUTION: The TBM comprises: a bulkhead 6 for partitioning a front section of a body serving as an outer shell; a chamber 7 which is formed between the bulkhead 6 and a face 30, which is to be filled with water, and into which excavation muck is to be taken; a water supply means which is connected to the bulkhead 6 so as to supply the water into the chamber 7; and a mud discharging means for discharging the excavation muck along with the water from the inside of the chamber 7. The water is supplied into the chamber 7 by the water supply means so that the chamber 7 can be filled with the water, and the TBM advances to bore the tunnel, while discharging the excavation muck along with the water from the inside of the chamber 7 by the mud discharging means. When the TBM encounters the natural ground associated with the sump water, the quantity of the water supplied into the chamber 7 by the water supply means is reduced so that water pressure in the chamber 7 can be kept lower than that of the face 30, and the sump water is flown into the chamber 7 from the face 30 and discharged by the mud discharging means, so that the water pressure of the face 30 can be decreased. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：即使在与大量集水槽和高压地下水相关的自然地面的情况下，通过使用隧道掘进机（TBM）进行有效的施工，当以基岩为目标的山隧道很无聊解决方案：TBM包括：用于分隔用作外壳的主体的前部的隔板6; 形成在隔板6和要填充水的面30之间的腔室7，并且将要采集挖掘泥渣; 供水装置，其连接到隔板6，以将水供应到室7中; 以及用于从室7的内部与水一起排放挖掘泥渣的泥浆排放装置。水通过供水装置供应到室7中，使得室7可以被填充水，并且TBM 通过泥浆排放装置，随着水从腔室7的内部排出挖掘泥土，钻进隧道。当TBM遇到与贮槽水相关的自然地面时，由供水装置供给到室7中的水量减少，使得室7中的水压可以保持低于面30的水压，并且贮槽水从面30流入室7，并通过泥浆排出装置排出，能够减小面部30的水压。版权所有（C）2007，JPO＆INPIT

3. 发明专利

JP2006194003A Shielding machine 审中-公开
标题翻译：屏蔽机
公开(公告)号：JP2006194003A
公开(公告)日：2006-07-27
申请号：JP2005007818
申请日：2005-01-14
申请人： Hitachi Zosen Corp , Nishimatsu Constr Co Ltd , 日立造船株式会社 , 西松建設株式会社
发明人： UCHIDA KATSUMI , IMAKITA KEISUKE , HANAOKA TAIJI
IPC分类号： E21D9/06 , E21D9/087
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a shielding machine which excavates a partially extended width part including an expanded width part of a tunnel, and to provide easy and inexpensive constitution for making a cutter for partial width expansion operate in an projected state. SOLUTION: The front surface of the body of the shielding machine is provided with a cutter 4, and the shielding machine is provided with the cutter 20 for partial width expansion and a cutter projection operation mechanism 31. The cutter 20 for partial width expansion can house a cutter surface within the body by directing the cutter surface toward the outside, and can be projected from the periphery of the body (skin plate 1) to the outside by the rotation of the rear side making the front side a fulcrum. Then the cutter projection operation mechanism 31, which is provided between the rear side part of the cutter 20 for partial width expansion and the interior of the body, projects and operates the cutter 20 for partial width expansion from the body periphery to the outside and makes the cutter 20 housing-operate within the body. The cutter projection operation mechanism 31 is a double-acting jack provided between the rear side part of the cutter 20 for partial width expansion and the interior of the body. The cutter projection operation mechanism 31 is provided with a turning case 30 and a housing case 40. The turning case 30 supports the cutter 20 for partial width expansion on its outer surface, and has a built-in cutter drive mechanism 25. Then the housing case 40 provided in the interior of the body houses the turning case 30 and the cutter projection operation mechanism 31. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提供一种用于挖掘包括隧道的扩展宽度部分的部分延伸的宽度部分并且提供简单和便宜的用于使得部分宽度膨胀的切割器在投影状态下操作的屏蔽机器。
解决方案：屏蔽机体的前表面设置有切割器4，并且屏蔽机器设置有用于部分宽度膨胀的切割器20和切割器投影操作机构31.用于局部宽度的切割器20 膨胀可以通过将切割器表面朝向外部引导而在主体内容纳切割器表面，并且可以通过后侧的旋转将主体（蒙皮板1）的周边突出到外部，使得前侧成为支点。然后，设置在用于部分宽度膨胀的切割器20的后侧部分和主体内部之间的切割器投影操作机构31将刀具20突出并操作用于从主体周边到外部的部分宽度膨胀，并且切割器20在主体内运动。刀具投影操作机构31是设置在切割器20的后侧部分之间用于部分宽度膨胀的双作用千斤顶和主体内部。刀具投影操作机构31设置有转向箱30和收纳壳体40.转向架30在其外表面上支撑用于部分宽度膨胀的切割器20，并且具有内置的切割器驱动机构25.然后，设置在主体内部的壳体40容纳转向箱30和切割器投影操作机构31.版权所有（C）2006，JPO＆NCIPI

4. 发明专利

JP2005238102A Method for cleaning contaminated soil 有权
标题翻译：清洁污染土壤的方法
公开(公告)号：JP2005238102A
公开(公告)日：2005-09-08
申请号：JP2004051426
申请日：2004-02-26
申请人： Nishimatsu Constr Co Ltd , 西松建設株式会社
发明人： UCHIDA KATSUMI , SUZUKI YASUYUKI , KANEKO NORIHIKO , NOMOTO TAKASHI
IPC分类号： B09C1/02 , B01D11/02 , B03B5/00 , B03B9/06 , B09C1/00 , B09C1/04 , B09C1/08 , C02F1/24 , C02F1/38 , C02F1/62
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for cleaning contaminated soil capable of reducing the amount of industrial waste to be transported outside and waste water, and reducing treatment expense.
SOLUTION: The method for cleaning contaminated soil comprises the process of cleaning the contaminated soil and classifying the soil into a coarse grain part which is not contaminated and silt contaminated with a contaminant. An eluting liquid is added to the silt contaminated with the contaminant, the contaminant is eluted in the eluting liquid and then the contaminant is removed from the eluting liquid. Thus, the silt can be cleaned, and utilized as back-filling soil, reducing the treatment expense. Further, since the contaminant is removed from the eluting liquid, the eluting liquid can be reused for cleaning the contaminated soil or the like, thus the expense for waste water treatment can be reduced.
COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提供一种清洁污染土壤的方法，能够减少要运送到外面的工业废物的数量和废水，并降低处理费用。解决方案：清洁污染土壤的方法包括清洁污染土壤并将土壤分类为未被污染的粗颗粒部分并被污染物污染的淤泥的过程。将洗脱液添加到被污染物污染的淤泥中，将污染物洗脱在洗脱液中，然后从洗脱液中除去污染物。因此，可以清洗淤泥，并用作填充土壤，降低处理费用。此外，由于从洗脱液中除去污染物，洗脱液可以重新用于清洁污染的土壤等，从而可以降低废水处理的费用。版权所有（C）2005，JPO＆NCIPI

5. 发明专利

JP2006266031A Muddy water processing facility and muddy water processing method of muddy water type shield driving 审中-公开
标题翻译：泥浆水处理设备和泥浆水处理方法
公开(公告)号：JP2006266031A
公开(公告)日：2006-10-05
申请号：JP2005089500
申请日：2005-03-25
申请人： Nishimatsu Constr Co Ltd , 西松建設株式会社
发明人： UCHIDA KATSUMI , IMAKITA KEISUKE
IPC分类号： E21D9/13 , E02F7/00 , E21D9/12 , E21D11/00
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a muddy water type shield driving which can decrease the occupation space of a muddy water processing plant provided on the ground. SOLUTION: The muddy water type shield driving is that the excavation is performed by a shielding machine 1 in a state that the working face of a tunnel is impregnated with muddy water. Then undercarriages 6/7/8 and the underground muddy water processing plant 10 are provided. The undercarriages 6/7/8 are arranged in the underground tunnel in the rear of the shielding machine 1, and the underground muddy water processing plant 10 installed on the undercarriage supplies muddy water to the shielding machine 1 and performs separation processing of the discharged muddy water, which is discharged from the shielding machine 1 with excavated soil, into grit and muddy water. Then a ground muddy water processing plant (40) is provided on the ground in the vicinity of the entrance of the tunnel, and the ground muddy water processing plant (40) performs the separation processing of the muddy water, which is discharged from the underground muddy water processing plant 10 after grit separation processing, into filtrated water and a clay lump. Then a muddy water discharging pipe 37 and a muddy water delivering pipe 63 are provided which are connected between the underground muddy water processing plant 10 and the ground muddy water processing plant 40. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提供一种可以减少设在地面上的泥水处理厂的占用空间的泥水型屏蔽驱动。
解决方案：泥水型屏蔽驱动是在隧道的工作面浸渍有泥水的状态下，由屏蔽机1进行挖掘。然后提供底盘6/7/8和地下泥水处理厂10。底盘6/7/8布置在屏蔽机1后部的地下隧道中，安装在起落架上的地下泥水处理厂10向屏蔽机1供给泥浆水，并进行排出泥浆的分离处理水被从挖掘土壤的屏蔽机1排出，成为砂砾和泥泞的水。然后在隧道入口附近的地面设置地下泥浆加工厂（40），地下泥浆加工厂（40）进行从地下排出的泥浆水的分离处理泥泞水处理厂10经过砂粒分离处理后，进入过滤水和粘土块。然后设置泥水排出管37和泥水输送管63，连接在地下泥浆水处理厂10和地下泥浆水处理厂40之间。（C）2007年，JPO＆INPIT

6. 发明专利

JP2006063604A Widening shield machine 有权
标题翻译：宽幅屏蔽机
公开(公告)号：JP2006063604A
公开(公告)日：2006-03-09
申请号：JP2004246176
申请日：2004-08-26
申请人： Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd , Nishimatsu Constr Co Ltd , 川崎重工業株式会社 , 西松建設株式会社
发明人： UCHIDA KATSUMI , NAKAYAMA TSUTOMU , IMAKITA KEISUKE , KURUMA FUMIO , TANAKA KEIICHI
IPC分类号： E21D9/06 , E21D9/087
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tunnel excavator which can excavate a preferable tunnel at a confluent portion and a divergent portion fitted for the case where the tunnel is constructed under the ground at a very deep location. SOLUTION: The tunnel excavator is formed of a front section shield machine 2 equipped with a front section cutter head 6, a widening section shield machine 3 protrudably housing therein widening section cutter heads 31, and a rear section shield machine 4 for assembling segments along an excavated section excavated by the front section cutter head 6. Excavation of the entire tunnel excavator is achieved by receiving excavation reaction of the front section shield machine 2 by the rear section shield machine 4. Herein the tunnel excavator is comprised of a housing gate 26, protruding jacks, a mud feeding pipe 36, and a mud discharging pipe 37. The housing gate 26 is arranged on the rear of the front section shield machine 2, for covering a peripheral surface of the widening section shield machine 3. The protruding jacks are provided for the widening section shield machine 3, for protruding the widening section cutter heads 31 of the widening section shield machine 3, after driving only of the front section shield machine 2 and therefore advancing of the housing gate 26 to expose the peripheral surface of the widening section shield machine 3 to the outside. The mud feeding pipe 36 and the mud discharging pipe 37 are provided for the widening section shield machine 3 and function to discharge excavated soil. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提供一种隧道挖掘机，其可以在汇合部分挖掘优选的隧道，并且在非常深的位置处设置用于隧道在地下构造的情况下的发散部分。解决方案：隧道式挖掘机由配备有前部切割头6，扩展部分屏蔽机构3的扩展部分屏蔽机构3的前部分屏蔽机2和扩展部分切割头31以及后部屏蔽机构4组装而成。通过前部切割头6挖掘的挖掘部分的段。通过后部盾构机4接收前部盾构机2的挖掘反作用来实现整个隧道挖掘机的挖掘。这里，隧道式挖掘机由壳体闸门26，突出千斤顶，泥浆输送管36和泥浆排出管37.壳体门26布置在前部屏蔽机2的后部，用于覆盖加宽部分屏蔽机3的周面。为扩宽部分屏蔽机3提供突起插孔，用于在加宽部分屏蔽机3的加宽部分切割头31打开之后并且因此使壳体门26前进，以使加宽部分屏蔽机3的周面露出外部。泥浆输送管36和泥浆排出管37设置在加宽部分屏蔽机3上，用于排出挖土。版权所有（C）2006，JPO＆NCIPI

7. 发明专利

JP2004360228A Shield machine 有权
标题翻译：屏蔽机
公开(公告)号：JP2004360228A
公开(公告)日：2004-12-24
申请号：JP2003157124
申请日：2003-06-02
申请人： Nishimatsu Constr Co Ltd , 西松建設株式会社
发明人： UCHIDA KATSUMI , SUZUKI YASUYUKI , WATANABE TORU , ISO HARUO , OGURI TOSHIO , MITO KENJI , OE IKUO
IPC分类号： E21D9/06 , E21D9/087
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a shield machine capable of being suitably used for rationally constructing a combined section of two shield tunnels specially in a great depth underground space. SOLUTION: Diameter widening cutters 14 and 24 capable of excavating the outsides of sections of shield machine bodies 11 and 21 and diameter widening section skin plates 15 and 25 capable of coating the inside surface of a tunnel wall excavated by the diameter widening cutters 14 and 24 are so provided to the shield machine bodies 11 and 21 of the shield machines 1 and 2 that they are projected sideways from the shield machine bodies 11 and 21 and are capable of being stored in the shield machine bodies 11 and 21. The shield tunnels having approximately D-shaped sections have shapes capable of being bored in a state to project the diameter widening cutters 14 and 24 and the diameter widening skin plates 15 and 25 to the outsides from the shield machine bodies 11 and 12. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提供一种能够适当地用于合理构造两个屏蔽隧道的组合部分的屏蔽机械，特别是在很深的地下空间中。解决方案：能够挖掘屏蔽机体11和21的外侧的直径加宽刀具14和24以及能够涂覆由直径加宽刀具挖掘的隧道壁的内表面的直径扩大部分表皮板15和25 14和24被设置到屏蔽机器1和2的屏蔽机体11和21，它们从屏蔽机体11和21侧向投射并且能够被存储在屏蔽机体11和21中。具有大致D形截面的盾构通道具有能够将直径加宽刀具14和24以及直径扩大皮肤板15和25突出到来自屏蔽机体11和12的外侧的状态的钻孔。版权所有（C）2005，JPO＆NCIPI

8. 发明专利

JP2004360226A Construction method for combined section of shield tunnel 有权
标题翻译：盾构隧道组合部分施工方法
公开(公告)号：JP2004360226A
公开(公告)日：2004-12-24
申请号：JP2003157099
申请日：2003-06-02
申请人： Nishimatsu Constr Co Ltd , 西松建設株式会社
发明人： ISO HARUO , OE IKUO , MITO KENJI , WATANABE TORU , OGURI TOSHIO , UCHIDA KATSUMI , SUZUKI YASUYUKI
IPC分类号： E21D9/06
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a construction method for a combined section of a shield tunnel capable of rationally constructing the combined section of two shield tunnels specially in a great depth underground space.
SOLUTION: When the combined section TJ of a main tunnel T1 and a branch tunnel T2 respectively constructed by a shield method is constructed, in a section of the combined section TJ, the main tunnel T1 and the branch tunnel T2 are so bored that both of them get close to each other, at the same time, they respectively assemble linings 1 and 2 having approximately D-shaped sections to form an envelop line of the sections of the linings 1 and 2 of the main tunnel T1 and the branch tunnel T2 in a circular-shape, and parts 1A and 2A of the linings 1 and 2 partitioning the main tunnel T1 and the branch tunnel T2 are removed to continue them and, at the same time, the linings 1 and 2 of these main tunnel T1 and the branch tunnel T2 are fastened to combine them with each other.
COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提供一种能够在深层地下空间中合理构造两个盾构隧道的组合部分的盾构隧道的组合部分的施工方法。解决方案：当组合部分TJ分段构成主隧道T1和分支隧道T2的组合段TJ时，主隧道T1和分支隧道T2如此无聊两者彼此接近，同时它们分别装配具有大致D形截面的衬垫1和2，以形成主隧道T1的衬里1和2的部分的包络线，并且分支隧道T2为圆形，分隔主隧道T1和分支隧道T2的衬砌1和2的部分1A和2A被移除以继续它们，同时，这些主隧道的衬砌1和2 T1和分支隧道T2被紧固以使它们彼此组合。版权所有（C）2005，JPO＆NCIPI

9. 发明专利

JP2006274560A Widened part structure and widened part construction method for shield tunnel 有权
标题翻译：宽带部分结构和宽带部分施工方法
公开(公告)号：JP2006274560A
公开(公告)日：2006-10-12
申请号：JP2005091462
申请日：2005-03-28
申请人： Nishimatsu Constr Co Ltd , 西松建設株式会社
发明人： UCHIDA KATSUMI , IMAKITA KEISUKE
IPC分类号： E21D9/06
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve widened part lining ensuring a space for widened cross section to circular segments, allowing the whole construction from the inside of a pit and requiring minimum cut-off work.
SOLUTION: A widened part structure of a shield tunnel comprises the circular segments 11 lined while boring by a shield machine; approximately rectangular segments 14 for the widened part lined on the outside of the circular segments 11; and approximately U-shaped segments 17 inserted in openings 11a, 14a passing through adjacent parts to the approximately rectangular segments 14 from the inside of the circular segments 11, and projected into the approximately rectangular segments 14. The widened part structure comprises fixing metal fittings 18 for connecting the approximately rectangular segments 14 and approximately U-shaped segments 17 at the peripheral parts of the openings 11a, 14a, and bolts and nuts 21, 22 fixed to the peripheral parts of the openings 11a, 14a toward the circular segments 11. A layer of a filler 19 is injected inside the approximately rectangular segment 14 and outside the approximately U-shaped segment 17.
COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：为了实现加宽的部件衬里，确保了将横截面扩大到圆形段的空间，从坑的内部允许整个结构，并且需要最小的切断作业。解决方案：屏蔽隧道的加宽部分结构包括在屏蔽机器镗孔的同时排列的圆形段11; 在圆形段11的外侧排列的加宽部分的大致矩形段14; 以及从圆形段11的内部插入到通过相邻部分的大致矩形段14的开口11a，14a中的大致U形的段17，并且突出到大致矩形的段14中。加宽的部分结构包括固定金属配件18 用于将开口11a，14a的周边部分处的大致矩形的段14和大致U形的段17连接，以及固定到开口11a，14a的周边部分的螺栓和螺母21,22朝向圆形段11。填充物19的层被注入到大致矩形的段14内部并且在大致U形的段17的外侧。版权所有：（C）2007，JPO＆INPIT

10. 发明专利

JP2006249735A Construction method of crossing underground structure and crossing underground structure 有权
标题翻译：交叉地下结构和交叉地下结构的施工方法
公开(公告)号：JP2006249735A
公开(公告)日：2006-09-21
申请号：JP2005065838
申请日：2005-03-09
申请人： Nishimatsu Constr Co Ltd , 西松建設株式会社
发明人： UCHIDA KATSUMI
IPC分类号： E21D9/04
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To extend its construction extension, when constructing an underground structure by crossing under a road and a roadway by using a pipe roof.
SOLUTION: When constructing the underground structure (a crossing part tunnel 3) by crossing under the road and the roadway, the pipe roof 4 is formed by burying a pipe 5 in parallel in the ground G so as to cross under these, and a foundation 7 supported by the ground G is arranged in a position opposed in its shaft direction by sandwiching this pipe roof 4. An end part of the pipe roof 4 and the foundation 7 are connected by a tension member 8. While pulling and supporting the pipe roof 4 to both outside in its shaft direction via the tension member 8, after excavating the ground G under this pipe roof 4, the underground structure is constructed.
COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：通过使用管道屋顶在道路和道路上穿越地下建筑物，延长施工延期。解决方案：通过在道路和道路上交叉构造地下结构（交叉部分隧道3）时，通过在地面G中平行地埋设管道5形成管顶4，以便在这些下方交叉，并且由地面G支撑的基座7通过夹持该管顶4而布置在与其轴向相对的位置。管顶4的端部和基座7通过张力构件8连接。在拉动和支撑管道屋顶4经由张紧构件8在其轴向两侧的外侧，在该管屋顶4下方挖掘地面G之后，构造地下结构。版权所有（C）2006，JPO＆NCIPI

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