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    • 1. 发明授权
    • Secondary cell using organosulfur/metal charge transfer materials as
positive electrode
    • 二次电池采用有机硫/金属电荷转移材料作为正电极
    • US5516598A
    • 1996-05-14
    • US281919
    • 1994-07-28
    • Steven J. ViscoJiro K. TakemotoMay-Ying Chu
    • Steven J. ViscoJiro K. TakemotoMay-Ying Chu
    • H01M10/36H01M4/60H01M4/86
    • H01M10/36H01M4/60
    • A novel battery cell is disclosed which is characterized by a metal-organosulfur positive electrode which has one or more metal-sulfur bonds wherein when the positive electrode is charged and discharged, the formal oxidation state of the metal is changed. The positive electrode has the general formula(M'.sup.z.spsp.+.sub.(c/z) [M.sub.q (RS.sub.y).sub.x.sup.c- ]).sub.nwhereinz=1 or 2; y=1 to 20; x=1 to 10; c=0 to 10; n.gtoreq.1; and q=1 to 10;wherein M' is a metal or other cation;wherein M is any multivalent metal, and when n is >1, can be a different multivalent metal in different repeat units of the polymeric metal-organosulfur materials;wherein R is an organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms comprising one or more organic moieties selected from the group consisting of aliphatic chains, aromatic rings, alicyclic rings and combinations of aliphatic chains, aromatic rings, and alicylic rings, with the proviso that R does not comprise fused aromatic rings; wherein said aliphatic chains, aromatic and alicyclic rings may include one or more oxygen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorous or nitrogen heteroatoms, and which may be substituted with one or more electron withdrawing groups; and wherein each aliphatic chain may be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated; and wherein when n>1, R can be different in different repeat units of the polymeric materials. Gel, solid-state and liquid batteries using said novel positive electrode are also disclosed.
    • 公开了一种新型的电池单元,其特征在于具有一个或多个金属 - 硫键的金属 - 有机硫正极,其中当正极被充电和放电时,金属的形式氧化态改变。 正极具有通式(M'z +(c / z)[Mq(RSy)xc - ])n,其中z = 1或2; y = 1〜20; x = 1〜10; c = 0〜10; n> / = 1; q = 1〜10; 其中M'是金属或其它阳离子; 其中M是任何多价金属,并且当n大于1时,可以是聚合物金属 - 有机硫材料的不同重复单元中的不同多价金属; 其中R是含有1至20个碳原子的有机基团,其包含一个或多个选自脂族链,芳族环,脂环族和脂族链,芳族环和芳基环的组合的有机基团,条件是R 不包含稠合芳环; 其中所述脂族链,芳族和脂环族可以包括一个或多个氧,硫,硅,磷或氮杂原子,并且其可以被一个或多个吸电子基团取代; 并且其中每个脂族链可以是直链或支链,饱和或不饱和的; 并且其中当n> 1时,R可以在聚合物材料的不同重复单元中不同。 还公开了使用所述新型正电极的凝胶,固态和液体电池。
    • 5. 发明授权
    • High capacity/high discharge rate rechargeable positive electrode
    • 高容量/高放电倍率的可充电正极
    • US06200704B1
    • 2001-03-13
    • US09145484
    • 1998-09-01
    • Bruce D. KatzLutgard C. De JongheMay-Ying ChuSteven J. Visco
    • Bruce D. KatzLutgard C. De JongheMay-Ying ChuSteven J. Visco
    • H01M458
    • H01M4/02H01M4/362H01M4/581H01M4/5815H01M4/625H01M10/0436H01M10/052H01M2004/028
    • Disclosed is a positive electrode that has a low equivalent weight and high cell voltage and consequently a high specific energy, and a high discharge rate pulse capability. Also disclosed are methods for fabricating active-sulfur-based composite electrodes, and battery cells incorporating such electrodes. The batteries of this invention are preferably rechargeable and operate at high sulfur utilization over many cycles. Positive electrodes according to the present invention are composed of at least two electrochemically active materials: an “active-sulfur” material, and a second electrochemically active material having a higher discharge rate than the active-sulfur component. The active-sulfur component is also oxidizing with respect to the higher discharge rate material. In operation, the active-sulfur component of the positive electrode discharges to satisfy power demands below its maximum discharge rate. The high discharge rate (but relatively low capacity) material is discharged to satisfy power demands that exceed the active-sulfur's discharge rate. The high discharge rate material in the positive electrode may be effectively recharged (or “regenerated”) chemically by oxidation by the active-sulfur material during a “resting” phase, that is, when the power demands on a battery cell in which the cathode is incorporated are low enough that they may be met without exceeding the maximum discharge rate of the active-sulfur component of the positive electrode.
    • 公开了具有低当量和高电池电压并因此具有高比能量和高放电率脉冲能力的正电极。 还公开了制造活性硫基复合电极的方法以及包含这种电极的电池单体。本发明的电池优选是可充电的并且在多个循环中以高硫利用运行。 根据本发明的正电极由至少两种电化学活性材料:“活性硫”材料和具有比活性硫组分更高的放电率的第二电化学活性材料组成。 相对于较高的排出速率的材料,活性硫成分也是氧化的。 在操作中,正极的活性硫成分排出以满足低于其最大放电率的功率需求。 高放电率(但容量相对较小)的材料排放满足超过活性硫排放速率的电力需求。 正极中的高放电率材料可以通过在“静止”阶段期间被活性硫材料氧化而化学地再充电(或“再生”),即当电力需要电池单元时,其中阴极 并不足够超过正极的活性硫成分的最大排出速度,所以能够满足这些要求。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Overcharge protection systems for rechargeable batteries
    • 充电电池过充保护系统
    • US5882812A
    • 1999-03-16
    • US782245
    • 1997-01-14
    • Steven J. ViscoMay-Ying ChuLutgard C. De Jonghe
    • Steven J. ViscoMay-Ying ChuLutgard C. De Jonghe
    • H01M4/02H01M4/58H01M6/50H01M10/42H01M10/44
    • H01M10/05H01M10/4235H01M4/13H01M4/5815H01M2200/00
    • Disclosed is an electrochemical device having a shuttle-type redox mechanism for overcharge protection in which the redox reaction is "tuned" with a tuning agent to adjust the potential at which the redox reaction occurs. Such device may be characterized as including the following elements: (1) a negative electrode (e.g., lithium); (2) a positive electrode containing one or more intermediate species (e.g., polysulfides) which are oxidized to one more oxidized species during overcharge; and (3) a tuning species (e.g., an organosulfur compound) which adjusts the rate at which the oxidized species are reduced and thereby adjusts the voltage at which overcharge protection is provided. The oxidized species produced during overcharge move to the negative electrode where they are reduced back to said intermediate species as in a normal redox shuttle. However, the oxidized species react more rapidly than the intermediate species at the negative electrode. Thus, the overcharge protection mechanism becomes more active as the oxidized species' concentration increases--as occurs during more severe overcharge.
    • 公开了具有用于过充电保护的梭式氧化还原机理的电化学装置,其中氧化还原反应用调谐剂“调谐”以调节发生氧化还原反应的电位。 这种器件的特征可以包括以下元件:(1)负极(例如锂); (2)含有一个或多个中间物质(例如多硫化物)的正电极,其在过充电期间被氧化成一个以上的氧化物质; 和(3)调整氧化物质减少速率的调谐物质(例如有机硫化合物),从而调节提供过充电保护的电压。 在过充电期间产生的氧化物质移动到负极,在正常的氧化还原穿梭中它们被还原回所述中间物质。 然而,氧化物质比负极处的中间物质反应更快。 因此,过充电保护机构随着氧化物质的浓度增加而变得更加活跃 - 如在更严格的过充电期间发生的。