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1. 发明授权

US06358643B1 Liquid electrolyte lithium-sulfur batteries 有权
标题翻译：液体电解液锂硫电池
公开(公告)号：US06358643B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-19
申请号：US09495639
申请日：2000-02-01
申请人： Bruce D. Katz , May-Ying Chu , Lutgard C. DeJonghe , Steven J. Visco
发明人： Bruce D. Katz , May-Ying Chu , Lutgard C. DeJonghe , Steven J. Visco
IPC分类号： H01M1036
CPC分类号： H01M6/166 , C07C227/32 , H01M2/1673 , H01M4/02 , H01M4/04 , H01M4/0402 , H01M4/0404 , H01M4/0409 , H01M4/0414 , H01M4/0416 , H01M4/0419 , H01M4/0433 , H01M4/13 , H01M4/38 , H01M4/382 , H01M4/581 , H01M4/5815 , H01M4/60 , H01M4/621 , H01M4/624 , H01M4/625 , H01M4/626 , H01M6/162 , H01M6/164 , H01M6/168 , H01M6/18 , H01M6/181 , H01M6/188 , H01M6/40 , H01M10/05 , H01M10/052 , H01M10/054 , H01M10/0565 , H01M10/0568 , H01M10/0569 , H01M10/36 , H01M10/39 , H01M10/3909 , H01M10/44 , H01M2004/028 , H01M2300/0037 , H01M2300/0065 , H01M2300/0085
摘要： A high performance lithium-sulfur battery cell includes the following features: (a) a negative electrode including a metal or an ion of the metal; (b) a positive electrode comprising an electronically conductive material; and (c) a liquid catholyte including a solvent and dissolve electrochemically active material comprising sulfur in the form of at least one of a sulfide of the metal and a polysulfide of the metal. Such battery cells are characterized by an energy density, calculated based upon a laminate weight, of at least about 400 Watt-hours/kilogram when discharged at a rate of at least 0.1 mA/cm2. Cells meeting these criteria often find use as primary cells.
摘要翻译：高性能锂硫电池具有以下特征：（a）包含金属或金属离子的负极; （b）包含电子导电材料的正电极; 和（c）包含溶剂的液体阴极电解液，并溶解电化学活性材料，该材料包含金属硫化物和金属多硫化物中的至少一种形式的硫。这样的电池单元的特征在于当以至少0.1mA / cm 2的速率排出时，基于叠层重量计算的能量密度为至少约400瓦特/千克。符合这些标准的细胞通常被用作主要细胞。

2. 发明授权

US06737197B2 Encapsulated lithium alloy electrodes having barrier layers 有权
标题翻译：具有阻挡层的封装的锂合金电极
公开(公告)号：US06737197B2
公开(公告)日：2004-05-18
申请号：US09999673
申请日：2001-10-30
申请人： May-Ying Chu , Steven J. Visco , Lutgard C. DeJonghe
发明人： May-Ying Chu , Steven J. Visco , Lutgard C. DeJonghe
IPC分类号： H01M404
CPC分类号： H01M4/0426 , H01M4/04 , H01M4/0402 , H01M4/0404 , H01M4/0407 , H01M4/0411 , H01M4/0421 , H01M4/043 , H01M4/0495 , H01M4/13 , H01M4/66 , H01M6/40 , H01M10/05 , Y10T29/10 , Y10T29/49108
摘要： A method employing a bonding layer is used to form active metal electrodes having barrier layers. Active metals such as lithium are highly reactive in ambient conditions. The method involves fabricating a lithium electrode or other active metal electrode without depositing the barrier layer on a layer of metal. Rather a smooth barrier layer is formed on a smooth substrate such as a web carrier or polymeric electrolyte. A bonding or alloying layer is formed on top of the barrier layer. Lithium or other active material is then attached to the bonding layer to form the active metal electrode. A current collector may also be attached to the lithium or active metal during the process.
摘要翻译：使用接合层的方法来形成具有阻挡层的活性金属电极。活性金属如锂在环境条件下具有高反应性。该方法包括制造锂电极或其它活性金属电极，而不会在金属层上沉积阻挡层。相反，在平滑的基底如网状载体或聚合物电解质上形成平滑的阻挡层。在阻挡层的顶部形成结合层或合金层。然后将锂或其它活性材料附着到结合层以形成活性金属电极。在该过程中，集电器还可附接到锂或活性金属。

3. 发明授权

US06413285B1 Layered arrangements of lithium electrodes 有权
标题翻译：分层布置锂电极
公开(公告)号：US06413285B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-02
申请号：US09640467
申请日：2000-08-16
申请人： May-Ying Chu , Steven J. Visco , Lutgard C. DeJonghe
发明人： May-Ying Chu , Steven J. Visco , Lutgard C. DeJonghe
IPC分类号： H01M404
CPC分类号： H01M4/0428 , H01M4/04 , H01M4/0402 , H01M4/0404 , H01M4/0407 , H01M4/0411 , H01M4/0421 , H01M4/0426 , H01M4/043 , H01M4/0495 , H01M4/13 , H01M4/66 , H01M6/40 , H01M10/05 , Y10T29/49108 , Y10T29/49114
摘要： A method employing a bonding layer is used to form active metal electrodes having barrier layers. Active metals such as lithium are highly reactive in ambient conditions. The method involves fabricating a lithium electrode or other active metal electrode without depositing the barrier layer on a layer of metal. Rather a smooth barrier layer is formed on a smooth substrate such as a web carrier or polymeric electrolyte. A bonding or alloying layer is formed on top of the barrier layer. Lithium or other active material is then attached to the bonding layer to form the active metal electrode. A current collector may also be attached to the lithium or active metal during the process.
摘要翻译：使用接合层的方法来形成具有阻挡层的活性金属电极。活性金属如锂在环境条件下具有高反应性。该方法包括制造锂电极或其它活性金属电极，而不会在金属层上沉积阻挡层。相反，在平滑的基底如网状载体或聚合物电解质上形成平滑的阻挡层。在阻挡层的顶部形成结合层或合金层。然后将锂或其它活性材料附着到结合层以形成活性金属电极。在该过程中，集电器还可附接到锂或活性金属。

4. 发明授权

US06413284B1 Encapsulated lithium alloy electrodes having barrier layers 有权
公开(公告)号：US06413284B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-02
申请号：US09431190
申请日：1999-11-01
申请人： May-Ying Chu , Steven J. Visco , Lutgard C. DeJonghe
发明人： May-Ying Chu , Steven J. Visco , Lutgard C. DeJonghe
IPC分类号： H01M404
CPC分类号： H01M4/0426 , H01M4/04 , H01M4/0402 , H01M4/0404 , H01M4/0407 , H01M4/0411 , H01M4/0421 , H01M4/043 , H01M4/0495 , H01M4/13 , H01M4/66 , H01M6/40 , H01M10/05 , Y10T29/10 , Y10T29/49108
摘要： A method employing a bonding layer is used to form active metal electrodes having barrier layers. Active metals such as lithium are highly reactive in ambient conditions. The method involves fabricating a lithium electrode or other active metal electrode without depositing the barrier layer on a layer of metal. Rather a smooth barrier layer is formed on a smooth substrate such as a web carrier or polymeric electrolyte. A bonding or alloying layer is formed on top of the barrier layer. Lithium or other active material is then attached to the bonding layer to form the active metal electrode. A current collector may also be attached to the lithium or active metal during the process.

5. 发明授权

US06632573B1 Electrolytes with strong oxidizing additives for lithium/sulfur batteries 失效
标题翻译：具有强氧化添加剂的电解液用于锂/硫电池
公开(公告)号：US06632573B1
公开(公告)日：2003-10-14
申请号：US09789379
申请日：2001-02-20
申请人： Yevgeniy S. Nimon , May-Ying Chu , Steven J. Visco
发明人： Yevgeniy S. Nimon , May-Ying Chu , Steven J. Visco
IPC分类号： H01M604
CPC分类号： H01M4/06 , H01M4/12 , H01M4/382 , H01M6/162 , H01M6/168 , H01M6/18
摘要： Disclosed are oxidizer-treated lithium electrodes, battery cells containing such oxidizer-treated lithium electrodes, battery cell electrolytes containing oxidizing additives, and methods of treating lithium electrodes with oxidizing agents and battery cells containing such oxidizer-treated lithium electrodes. Battery cells containing SO2 as an electrolyte additive in accordance with the present invention exhibit higher discharge capacities after cell storage over cells not containing SO2. Pre-treating the lithium electrode with SO2 gas prior to battery assembly prevented cell polarization. Moreover, the SO2 treatment does not negatively impact sulfur utilization and improves the lithium's electrochemical function as the negative electrode in the battery cell.
摘要翻译：公开了氧化剂处理的锂电极，含有这种氧化剂处理的锂电极的电池单元，含有氧化剂的电池单体电解质，以及用氧化剂处理锂电极的方法和含有氧化剂处理过的锂电极的电池单元。含有根据本发明的电解质添加剂的SO 2 的电池在不含SO PDAT> 2 。在电池组装之前，用SO 2 气体预处理锂电极可防止电池极化。此外，SO 2 处理不会对硫的利用产生负面影响，并改善锂作为电池中的负极的电化学功能。

6. 发明授权

US5882812A Overcharge protection systems for rechargeable batteries 失效
标题翻译：充电电池过充保护系统
公开(公告)号：US5882812A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-16
申请号：US782245
申请日：1997-01-14
申请人： Steven J. Visco , May-Ying Chu , Lutgard C. De Jonghe
发明人： Steven J. Visco , May-Ying Chu , Lutgard C. De Jonghe
IPC分类号： H01M4/02 , H01M4/58 , H01M6/50 , H01M10/42 , H01M10/44
CPC分类号： H01M10/05 , H01M10/4235 , H01M4/13 , H01M4/5815 , H01M2200/00
摘要： Disclosed is an electrochemical device having a shuttle-type redox mechanism for overcharge protection in which the redox reaction is "tuned" with a tuning agent to adjust the potential at which the redox reaction occurs. Such device may be characterized as including the following elements: (1) a negative electrode (e.g., lithium); (2) a positive electrode containing one or more intermediate species (e.g., polysulfides) which are oxidized to one more oxidized species during overcharge; and (3) a tuning species (e.g., an organosulfur compound) which adjusts the rate at which the oxidized species are reduced and thereby adjusts the voltage at which overcharge protection is provided. The oxidized species produced during overcharge move to the negative electrode where they are reduced back to said intermediate species as in a normal redox shuttle. However, the oxidized species react more rapidly than the intermediate species at the negative electrode. Thus, the overcharge protection mechanism becomes more active as the oxidized species' concentration increases--as occurs during more severe overcharge.
摘要翻译：公开了具有用于过充电保护的梭式氧化还原机理的电化学装置，其中氧化还原反应用调谐剂“调谐”以调节发生氧化还原反应的电位。这种器件的特征可以包括以下元件：（1）负极（例如锂）; （2）含有一个或多个中间物质（例如多硫化物）的正电极，其在过充电期间被氧化成一个以上的氧化物质; 和（3）调整氧化物质减少速率的调谐物质（例如有机硫化合物），从而调节提供过充电保护的电压。在过充电期间产生的氧化物质移动到负极，在正常的氧化还原穿梭中它们被还原回所述中间物质。然而，氧化物质比负极处的中间物质反应更快。因此，过充电保护机构随着氧化物质的浓度增加而变得更加活跃 - 如在更严格的过充电期间发生的。

7. 发明授权

US6025094A Protective coatings for negative electrodes 失效
标题翻译：负极保护涂层
公开(公告)号：US6025094A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-15
申请号：US86665
申请日：1998-05-29
申请人： Steven J. Visco , May-Ying Chu
发明人： Steven J. Visco , May-Ying Chu
IPC分类号： H01M2/16 , H01M4/02 , H01M4/04 , H01M4/38 , H01M4/58 , H01M6/18 , H01M10/36
CPC分类号： H01M10/05 , H01M10/36 , H01M4/04 , H01M4/13 , H01M4/5815 , H01M2/1673 , H01M4/38 , H01M6/18 , H01M6/181
摘要： Disclosed is an alkali metal negative electrode having a protective layer. Specifically, the disclosed negative electrode includes a glassy or amorphous surface protective layer which conducts alkali metal ions but effectively blocks the alkali metal in the electrode from direct contact with the ambient. The protective layer has improved smoothness and reduced internal stress in comparison to prior protective layers such as those formed by sputtering. In a specific embodiment, the protective layer is formed on the lithium metal electrode surface by a plasma assisted deposition technique.
摘要翻译：公开了具有保护层的碱金属负极。具体地，所公开的负极包括导电碱金属离子但有效地阻挡电极中的碱金属与环境直接接触的玻璃状或无定形表面保护层。与诸如通过溅射形成的保护层相比，保护层具有改善的平滑度和减小的内部应力。在具体实施例中，通过等离子体辅助沉积技术在锂金属电极表面上形成保护层。

8. 发明授权

US5516598A Secondary cell using organosulfur/metal charge transfer materials as positive electrode 失效
标题翻译：二次电池采用有机硫/金属电荷转移材料作为正电极
公开(公告)号：US5516598A
公开(公告)日：1996-05-14
申请号：US281919
申请日：1994-07-28
申请人： Steven J. Visco , Jiro K. Takemoto , May-Ying Chu
发明人： Steven J. Visco , Jiro K. Takemoto , May-Ying Chu
IPC分类号： H01M10/36 , H01M4/60 , H01M4/86
CPC分类号： H01M10/36 , H01M4/60
摘要： A novel battery cell is disclosed which is characterized by a metal-organosulfur positive electrode which has one or more metal-sulfur bonds wherein when the positive electrode is charged and discharged, the formal oxidation state of the metal is changed. The positive electrode has the general formula(M'.sup.z.spsp.+.sub.(c/z) [M.sub.q (RS.sub.y).sub.x.sup.c- ]).sub.nwhereinz=1 or 2; y=1 to 20; x=1 to 10; c=0 to 10; n.gtoreq.1; and q=1 to 10;wherein M' is a metal or other cation;wherein M is any multivalent metal, and when n is >1, can be a different multivalent metal in different repeat units of the polymeric metal-organosulfur materials;wherein R is an organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms comprising one or more organic moieties selected from the group consisting of aliphatic chains, aromatic rings, alicyclic rings and combinations of aliphatic chains, aromatic rings, and alicylic rings, with the proviso that R does not comprise fused aromatic rings; wherein said aliphatic chains, aromatic and alicyclic rings may include one or more oxygen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorous or nitrogen heteroatoms, and which may be substituted with one or more electron withdrawing groups; and wherein each aliphatic chain may be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated; and wherein when n>1, R can be different in different repeat units of the polymeric materials. Gel, solid-state and liquid batteries using said novel positive electrode are also disclosed.
摘要翻译：公开了一种新型的电池单元，其特征在于具有一个或多个金属 - 硫键的金属 - 有机硫正极，其中当正极被充电和放电时，金属的形式氧化态改变。正极具有通式（M'z +（c / z）[Mq（RSy）xc - ]）n，其中z = 1或2; y = 1〜20; x = 1〜10; c = 0〜10; n> / = 1; q = 1〜10; 其中M'是金属或其它阳离子; 其中M是任何多价金属，并且当n大于1时，可以是聚合物金属 - 有机硫材料的不同重复单元中的不同多价金属; 其中R是含有1至20个碳原子的有机基团，其包含一个或多个选自脂族链，芳族环，脂环族和脂族链，芳族环和芳基环的组合的有机基团，条件是R 不包含稠合芳环; 其中所述脂族链，芳族和脂环族可以包括一个或多个氧，硫，硅，磷或氮杂原子，并且其可以被一个或多个吸电子基团取代; 并且其中每个脂族链可以是直链或支链，饱和或不饱和的; 并且其中当n> 1时，R可以在聚合物材料的不同重复单元中不同。还公开了使用所述新型正电极的凝胶，固态和液体电池。

9. 发明授权

US06537701B1 Coated lithium electrodes 有权
标题翻译：涂层锂电极
公开(公告)号：US06537701B1
公开(公告)日：2003-03-25
申请号：US09713997
申请日：2000-11-15
申请人： Yevgeniy S. Nimon , May-Ying Chu , Steven J. Visco
发明人： Yevgeniy S. Nimon , May-Ying Chu , Steven J. Visco
IPC分类号： H01M458
CPC分类号： H01M4/1395 , H01M4/043 , H01M4/0435 , H01M4/0471 , H01M4/0483 , H01M4/13 , H01M4/134 , H01M4/136 , H01M4/366 , H01M4/38 , H01M4/382 , H01M4/58 , H01M4/5815 , H01M6/168 , H01M10/052 , H01M10/0568 , H01M10/0569 , H01M2004/028 , H01M2300/0085 , Y10T29/49115
摘要： Batteries including a lithium anode stabilized with a metal-lithium alloy and battery cells comprising such anodes are provided. In one embodiment, an electrochemical cell having an anode and a sulfur electrode including at least one of elemental sulfur, lithium sulfide, and a lithium polysulfide is provided. The anode includes a lithium core and an aluminum-lithium alloy layer over the lithium core. In another embodiment, a surface coating, which is effective to increase cycle life and storageability of the electrochemical cell, is formed on the anode. In a more particular embodiment, the anode is in an electrolyte solution, and, more particularly, an electrolyte solution including either elemental sulfur, a sulfide, or a polysulfide where the surface coating is composed of Al2S3.
摘要翻译：提供了包括用金属锂合金稳定的锂阳极的电池和包括这种阳极的电池单元。在一个实施方案中，提供了具有包含元素硫，硫化锂和多硫化锂中的至少一种的阳极和硫电极的电化学电池。阳极包括在锂芯上的锂芯和铝 - 锂合金层。在另一个实施方案中，在阳极上形成有效提高电化学电池的循环寿命和可储存性的表面涂层。在更具体的实施方案中，阳极处于电解质溶液中，更具体地，包括元素硫，硫化物或多硫化物的电解质溶液，其中表面涂层由Al 2 S 3组成。

10. 发明授权

US06248481B1 Overcharge protection systems for rechargeable batteries 有权
标题翻译：充电电池过充保护系统
公开(公告)号：US06248481B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-19
申请号：US09227183
申请日：1999-01-07
申请人： Steven J. Visco , May-Ying Chu , Lutgard C. De Jonghe
发明人： Steven J. Visco , May-Ying Chu , Lutgard C. De Jonghe
IPC分类号： H01M616
CPC分类号： H01M10/05 , H01M4/13 , H01M4/5815 , H01M10/4235 , H01M2200/00
摘要： Disclosed is an electrochemical device having a shuttle-type redox mechanism for overcharge protection in which the redox reaction is “tuned” with a tuning agent to adjust the potential at which the redox reaction occurs. Such device may be characterized as including the following elements: (1) a negative electrode (e.g., lithium); (2) a positive electrode containing one or more intermediate species (e.g., polysulfides) which are oxidized to one more oxidized species during overcharge; and (3) a tuning species (e.g., an organosulfur compound) which adjusts the rate at which the oxidized species are reduced and thereby adjusts the voltage at which overcharge protection is provided. The oxidized species produced during overcharge move to the negative electrode where they are reduced back to said intermediate species as in a normal redox shuttle. However, the oxidized species react more rapidly than the intermediate species at the negative electrode. Thus, the overcharge protection mechanism becomes more active as the oxidized species' concentration increases—as occurs during more severe overcharge.
摘要翻译：公开了具有用于过充电保护的梭式氧化还原机理的电化学装置，其中氧化还原反应用调谐剂“调谐”以调节发生氧化还原反应的电位。这种器件的特征可以包括以下元件：（1）负极（例如锂）; （2）含有一个或多个中间物质（例如多硫化物）的正电极，其在过充电期间被氧化成一个以上的氧化物质; 和（3）调整氧化物质减少速率的调谐物质（例如有机硫化合物），从而调节提供过充电保护的电压。在过充电期间产生的氧化物质移动到负极，在正常的氧化还原穿梭中它们被还原回所述中间物质。然而，氧化物质比负极处的中间物质反应更快。因此，过充电保护机构随着氧化物质的浓度增加而变得更加活跃 - 如在更严格的过充电期间发生的。

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