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1. 发明授权

US6057057A Conductive agent and non-sintered nickel electrode for alkaline storage batteries 失效
标题翻译：用于碱性蓄电池的导电剂和非烧结镍电极
公开(公告)号：US6057057A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-02
申请号：US796541
申请日：1997-02-06
申请人： Mutsumi Yano , Mitsuzo Nogami , Katsuhiko Shinyama , Masao Inoue , Hiroshi Watanabe , Reizo Maeda , Ikuo Yonezu , Koji Nishio
发明人： Mutsumi Yano , Mitsuzo Nogami , Katsuhiko Shinyama , Masao Inoue , Hiroshi Watanabe , Reizo Maeda , Ikuo Yonezu , Koji Nishio
IPC分类号： C01G51/04 , H01M4/32 , H01M4/52 , H01M4/62
CPC分类号： H01M4/32 , C01G51/04 , H01M4/52 , C01P2004/61 , C01P2006/40 , C01P2006/80 , H01M4/624
摘要： A conductive agent for use in alkaline storage batteries in accordance with one aspect of the present invention contains 0.1 to 10% by weight sodium. This sodium content results from cobalt or a cobalt compound, to which an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is added and heated to 50 to 200.degree. C. A non-sintered nickel electrode for use in alkaline storage batteries is also proposed. In this electrode, the aforesaid conductive agent in accordance with the present invention is added to a pulverulent active material consisting of grains of nickel hydroxide or grains mainly constituted by nickel hydroxide such that 1 to 20 parts by weight of the conductive agent is added to 100 parts by weight nickel hydroxide contained in the pulverulent active material. Another non-sintered nickel electrode for use in alkaline storage batteries is also proposed. In this electrode, an active material takes the form of composite particles consisting of grains of nickel hydroxide or grains mainly constituted by nickel hydroxide, each of which has a surface formed with an electric conduction layer consisting of a cobalt compound containing 0.1 to 10% by weight sodium.
摘要翻译：根据本发明的一个方面的用于碱性蓄电池的导电剂含有0.1至10重量％的钠。该钠含量来自钴或钴化合物，向其中加入氢氧化钠水溶液并加热至50至200℃。还提出了用于碱性蓄电池的非烧结镍电极。在该电极中，将根据本发明的上述导电剂添加到由氢氧化镍颗粒或主要由氢氧化镍构成的颗粒组成的粉状活性材料中，使得添加1至20重量份的导电剂至100 包含在粉状活性物质中的氢氧化镍重量份。还提出了另一种用于碱性蓄电池的非烧结镍电极。在该电极中，活性物质是以氢氧化镍粒子为主要成分的复合粒子，或以氢氧化镍为主要成分的粒子构成的复合粒子，其表面形成有导电层，该导电层由含有0.1〜10％重量钠。

2. 发明授权

US6007946A Non-sintered nickel electrode for alkaline storage battery, alkaline storage battery including the same, and method for production of non-sintered nickel electrode for alkaline storage battery 失效
标题翻译：碱性蓄电池用非烧结镍电极，含碱蓄电池的碱性蓄电池及碱性蓄电池用非烧结镍电极的制造方法
公开(公告)号：US6007946A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-28
申请号：US881146
申请日：1997-06-24
申请人： Mutsumi Yano , Mitsuzo Nogami , Katsuhiko Shinyama , Kousuke Satoguchi , Mitsunori Tokuda , Ikuo Yonezu , Koji Nishio , Masao Inoue , Shin Fujitani
发明人： Mutsumi Yano , Mitsuzo Nogami , Katsuhiko Shinyama , Kousuke Satoguchi , Mitsunori Tokuda , Ikuo Yonezu , Koji Nishio , Masao Inoue , Shin Fujitani
IPC分类号： H01M4/32 , H01M4/52 , H01M4/24 , H01M4/26
CPC分类号： H01M4/32 , H01M4/52 , Y02P70/54
摘要： In the non-sintered nickel electrode for an alkaline storage battery according to the invention, a yttrium metal powder and/or a yttrium compound powder has been added to a particulate active material comprising composite particles each consisting of a nickel hydroxide core and a sodium-doped cobalt compound shell. Because the yttrium metal powder and/or yttrium compound powder inhibits the diffusion of cobalt into the nickel hydroxide core, the non-sintered nickel electrode of the invention exhibits a high utilization efficiency not only in an initial phase of charge-discharge cycling but over a long time of use. Moreover, because the yttrium metal powder and/or yttrium compound powder enhances the oxygen overpotential, the non-sintered nickel electrode for an alkaline storage battery according to the invention shows very satisfactory charge characteristics particularly at high temperatures.
摘要翻译：在根据本发明的碱性蓄电池的非烧结镍电极中，将钇金属粉末和/或钇化合物粉末添加到包含复合颗粒的颗粒活性材料中，每个复合颗粒由氢氧化镍芯和钠 - 掺钴复合壳。由于钇金属粉末和/或钇化合物粉末抑制钴扩散到氢氧化镍芯中，本发明的非烧结镍电极不仅在充放电循环的初始阶段中显示出高的利用效率，使用时间长此外，由于钇金属粉末和/或钇化合物粉末提高氧超电势，所以根据本发明的碱性蓄电池的非烧结镍电极显示出非常令人满意的充电特性，特别是在高温下。

3. 发明授权

US06472101B1 Nickel-hydrogen storage battery 失效
标题翻译：镍氢蓄电池
公开(公告)号：US06472101B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-29
申请号：US09509425
申请日：2000-03-28
申请人： Reizo Maeda , Katsuhiko Shinyama , Yoshinori Matsuura , Mitsuzo Nogami , Ikuo Yonezu , Koji Nishio
发明人： Reizo Maeda , Katsuhiko Shinyama , Yoshinori Matsuura , Mitsuzo Nogami , Ikuo Yonezu , Koji Nishio
IPC分类号： H01M458
CPC分类号： H01M4/62 , C01B3/0031 , C01B3/0047 , C01G53/006 , C01G53/04 , C01P2004/61 , C01P2006/40 , H01M4/242 , H01M4/32 , H01M4/366 , H01M4/383 , H01M4/52 , H01M10/345 , Y02E60/124 , Y02E60/327
摘要： In a nickel-metal hydride storage cell, deterioration of a cell capacity at high temperature and degradation of a cycle characteristic are suppressed. The nickel-metal hydride storage cell of the invention comprises in a cell case, a positive electrode comprising a positive electrode active material composed mainly of nickel hydroxide powder, a negative electrode comprising a negative electrode active material composed mainly of hydrogen-absorbing alloy powder, and a separator interposed between the positive and negative electrodes and impregnated with an electrolyte, the nickel-metal hydride storage cell characterized in that the negative electrode active material comprises a copper compound, the positive electrode comprises an aggregate of coated particles each in which a coating layer comprising a sodium-containing cobalt compound is formed on a surface of a nickel hydroxide particle, and the positive electrode active material is such that an oxide or hydroxide of one of bismuth, calcium, ytterbium, manganese, copper, scandium, and zirconium, is added to the aggregate of coated particles.
摘要翻译：在镍氢蓄电池中，抑制了高温下的电池容量的劣化和循环特性的劣化。本发明的镍氢蓄电池在电池的情况下，包括主要由氢氧化镍粉末组成的正极活性物质的正极，负极包含主要由吸氢合金粉末组成的负极活性物质，所述镍 - 金属氢化物蓄电池，其特征在于，所述负极活性物质包含铜化合物，所述正极包含涂覆颗粒的聚集体，每个涂覆颗粒中涂覆有涂层在氢氧化镍颗粒的表面上形成含有钠的钴化合物的层，正极活性物质是使铋，钙，镱，锰，铜，钪和锆之一的氧化物或氢氧化物，被添加到涂覆颗粒的聚集体中。

4. 发明授权

US06322925B1 Metal hydride alkaline storage cell 有权
标题翻译：金属氢化物碱性蓄电池
公开(公告)号：US06322925B1
公开(公告)日：2001-11-27
申请号：US09141140
申请日：1998-08-27
申请人： Yoshinori Matsuura , Mitsuzo Nogami , Reizo Maeda , Katsuhiko Shinyama , Ikuo Yonezu , Koji Nishio
发明人： Yoshinori Matsuura , Mitsuzo Nogami , Reizo Maeda , Katsuhiko Shinyama , Ikuo Yonezu , Koji Nishio
IPC分类号： H01M1024
CPC分类号： H01M4/366 , H01M4/242 , H01M4/26 , H01M4/383 , H01M10/24 , H01M10/26 , H01M10/345 , Y02E60/124 , Y10S420/90 , Y10T29/49108 , Y10T29/49115
摘要： A metal hydride alkaline storage cell of the present invention comprises a positive electrode, a separator impregnated with an electrolyte, and a negative electrode comprising hydrogen-absorbing alloy powder. On the surface of the hydrogen-absorbing alloy powder, there is formed a layer of hydrogen-absorbing alloy oxide, and on the layer of the oxide, there is dotted a catalytic metal formed in a granular state by adding a substance soluble in the electrolyte. The substance is selected from the group consisting of a metal fluoride, a metal iodide, and a metal sulfide. The proportion of the metal fluoride, the metal iodide, or the metal sulfide in adding is restricted within the range of from 0.1 to 2.5 wt. % based on the weight of hydrogen-absorbing alloy powder. When the layer of the hydrogen-absorbing alloy oxide is formed on the surface of the hydrogen-absorbing alloy powder, the reaction area on the surface of the hydrogen-absorbing alloy is increased due to the roughness of the layer. Consequently, the catalytic action of the metal is fully utilized by dotting a catalytic metal on the alloy surface, and thereby the inner pressure characteristic high-rate charge characteristic) of a cell is improved.
摘要翻译：本发明的金属氢化物碱性蓄电池包括正电极，浸渍有电解质的隔膜和包含吸氢合金粉末的负极。在吸氢合金粉末的表面上形成有吸氢合金氧化物层，在氧化物层上，点燃形成颗粒状的催化金属，加入可溶于电解质的物质。该物质选自金属氟化物，金属碘化物和金属硫化物。金属氟化物，金属碘化物或金属硫化物的添加量的比例限制在0.1〜2.5重量％的范围内。基于吸氢合金粉末的重量％。当在吸氢合金粉末的表面上形成吸氢合金氧化物层时，由于该层的粗糙度，吸氢合金表面上的反应区域增加。因此，通过在合金表面上点燃催化金属，从而提高了电池的内部压力特性高速电荷特性，从而充分利用了金属的催化作用。

5. 发明授权

US06902588B2 Manufacturing method of metal hydride alkaline storage cell 失效
标题翻译：金属氢化物碱性蓄电池的制造方法
公开(公告)号：US06902588B2
公开(公告)日：2005-06-07
申请号：US10786091
申请日：2004-02-26
申请人： Yoshinori Matsuura , Mitsuzo Nogami , Reizo Maeda , Katsuhiko Shinyama , Ikuo Yonezu , Koji Nishio
发明人： Yoshinori Matsuura , Mitsuzo Nogami , Reizo Maeda , Katsuhiko Shinyama , Ikuo Yonezu , Koji Nishio
IPC分类号： H01M4/24 , H01M4/26 , H01M4/36 , H01M4/38 , H01M10/24 , H01M10/30 , H01M4/58
CPC分类号： H01M4/366 , H01M4/242 , H01M4/26 , H01M4/383 , H01M10/24 , H01M10/26 , H01M10/345 , Y02E60/124 , Y10S420/90 , Y10T29/49108 , Y10T29/49115
摘要： A method of manufacturing a metal hydride alkaline storage cell includes a first step of preparing a negative electrode by applying a paste containing hydrogen absorbing alloy powder onto a substrate; and a second step of placing the negative electrode and a positive electrode into a cell can with disposing separator therebetween, and thereafter pouring an electrolyte into the cell can. Into the paste or the electrolyte, a catalytic metal compound that has a proportion of 0.1 to 2.5 wt. % based on the weight of the hydrogen-absorbing alloy powder and that is soluble in the electrolyte is added. Consequently, the catalytic action of the metal is fully utilized by this method that dots a catalytic metal or metal compound on the alloy surface, and thereby the inner pressure characteristic (high-rate charge characteristic) of a cell is improved.
摘要翻译：一种制造金属氢化物碱性蓄电池的方法包括：通过将含有吸氢合金粉末的浆料涂覆在基材上来制备负极的第一步骤; 以及将负极和正极放置在电池罐中的第二步骤，在其间设置隔板，然后将电解液注入电池罐中。向糊状物或电解质中加入催化剂金属化合物，其比例为0.1〜2.5重量％加入基于吸氢合金粉末的重量且可溶于电解质的％。因此，通过该方法充分利用金属的催化作用，使合金表面上的催化金属或金属化合物点，从而提高电池的内部压力特性（高速率电荷特性）。

6. 发明授权

US6060195A Non-sintered nickel electrode for alkaline storage battery 失效
标题翻译：碱性蓄电池用非烧结镍电极
公开(公告)号：US6060195A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-09
申请号：US124916
申请日：1998-07-30
申请人： Katsuhiko Shinyama , Reizo Maeda , Yoshinori Matsuura , Mitsuzo Nogami , Ikuo Yonezu , Koji Nishio
发明人： Katsuhiko Shinyama , Reizo Maeda , Yoshinori Matsuura , Mitsuzo Nogami , Ikuo Yonezu , Koji Nishio
IPC分类号： B22F1/02 , H01M4/32 , H01M4/52 , H01M10/30 , H01M4/48
CPC分类号： H01M4/32 , H01M4/244 , H01M4/246 , H01M4/38 , H01M4/52 , H01M4/36
摘要： In the non-sintered nickel electrode for an alkaline storage battery according to the present invention, the active material powder is made up of composite particles, each comprising a nickel hydroxide-containing core particle and a shell layer coating the nickel hydroxide-containing core particle, the shell layer containing a bismuth-containing compound, or is made up of composite particles, each comprising a nickel hydroxide-containing core particle, an inner shell layer coating the nickel hydroxide-containing core particle and an outer shell layer coating the inner shell layer, the inner shell layer containing a bismuth-containing compound and the outer shell layer containing cobalt metal, cobalt monoxide, cobalt hydroxide, cobalt oxyhydroxide or a sodium-containing cobalt compound prepared by adding an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to cobalt metal, cobalt monoxide, cobalt hydroxide or cobalt oxyhydroxide to obtain a mixture and heat-treating the mixture in the presence of oxygen. Provided is a non-sintered nickel electrode for an alkaline storage battery, having a high active material utilization rate not only when charged at normal temperatures but also when charged at high temperatures, and having good charge-discharge cycle characteristics.
摘要翻译：在本发明的碱性蓄电池用非烧结镍电极中，活性物质粉末由复合粒子构成，其中含有含氢氧化镍的核心粒子和包覆含氢氧化镍的核心粒子的壳层，包含含铋化合物的壳层，或由复合颗粒组成，每个复合颗粒包含含氢氧化镍的核心颗粒，涂覆含氢氧化镍的核心颗粒的内壳层和涂覆内壳的外壳层层，含有含铋化合物的内层层和含有钴金属，一氧化钴，氢氧化钴，氢氧化正钴或含钴钴化合物的外壳层，其通过将氢氧化钠水溶液加入钴金属，钴一氧化碳，氢氧化钴或氢氧化正钴，得到混合物，并在牛的存在下热处理该混合物 y根提供一种用于碱性蓄电池的非烧结镍电极，其不仅在常温下充电，而且在高温下充电时具有高活性物质利用率，并且具有良好的充放电循环特性。

7. 发明授权

US06852447B2 Metal hydride alkaline storage cell and manufacturing method thereof 失效
标题翻译：金属氢化物碱性蓄电池及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：US06852447B2
公开(公告)日：2005-02-08
申请号：US09923963
申请日：2001-08-08
申请人： Yoshinori Matsuura , Mitsuzo Nogami , Reizo Maeda , Katsuhiko Shinyama , Ikuo Yonezu , Koji Nishio
发明人： Yoshinori Matsuura , Mitsuzo Nogami , Reizo Maeda , Katsuhiko Shinyama , Ikuo Yonezu , Koji Nishio
IPC分类号： H01M4/24 , H01M4/26 , H01M4/36 , H01M4/38 , H01M10/24 , H01M10/30 , H01M4/58
CPC分类号： H01M4/366 , H01M4/242 , H01M4/26 , H01M4/383 , H01M10/24 , H01M10/26 , H01M10/345 , Y02E60/124 , Y10S420/90 , Y10T29/49108 , Y10T29/49115
摘要： A metal hydride alkaline storage cell of the present invention comprises a positive electrode, a separator impregnated with an electrolyte, and a negative electrode comprising hydrogen-absorbing alloy powder. On the surface of the hydrogen-absorbing alloy powder, there is formed a layer of hydrogen-absorbing alloy oxide, and on the layer of the oxide, there is dotted a catalytic metal or metal compound formed in a granular state by adding a substance soluble in the electrolyte. The substance is selected from the group consisting of a metal fluoride, a metal chloride, a metal iodide, and a metal sulfide. The proportion of the metal fluoride, the metal chloride, the metal iodide, or the metal sulfide in adding, is restricted within the range of from 0.1 to 2.5 wt. % based on the weight of hydrogen-absorbing alloy powder. When the layer of the hydrogen-absorbing alloy oxide is formed on the surface of the hydrogen-absorbing alloy powder, the reaction area on the surface of the hydrogen-absorbing alloy is increased due to the roughness of the layer. Consequently, the catalytic action of the metal is fully utilized by dotting a catalytic metal or metal compound on the alloy surface, and thereby the inner pressure characteristic (high-rate charge characteristic) of a cell is improved.
摘要翻译：本发明的金属氢化物碱性蓄电池包括正电极，浸渍有电解质的隔膜和包含吸氢合金粉末的负极。在吸氢合金粉末的表面上形成有吸氢合金氧化物层，在氧化物层上点着形成颗粒状的催化金属或金属化合物，加入可溶解的物质在电解液中。该物质选自金属氟化物，金属氯化物，金属碘化物和金属硫化物。金属氟化物，金属氯化物，金属碘化物或金属硫化物的添加量的比例限制在0.1〜2.5重量％的范围内。基于吸氢合金粉末的重量％。当在吸氢合金粉末的表面上形成吸氢合金氧化物层时，由于该层的粗糙度，吸氢合金表面上的反应区域增加。因此，通过在合金表面上点燃催化金属或金属化合物来充分利用金属的催化作用，从而提高了电池的内部压力特性（高速率充电特性）。

8. 发明授权

US5674643A Non-sintered nickel electrode for alkaline storage cell 失效
标题翻译：用于碱性蓄电池的非烧结镍电极
公开(公告)号：US5674643A
公开(公告)日：1997-10-07
申请号：US600088
申请日：1996-02-12
申请人： Mutsumi Yano , Mitsuzo Nogami , Reizo Maeda , Mamoru Kimoto , Shigekazu Yasuoka , Katsuhiko Shinyama , Koji Nishio , Toshihiko Saito
发明人： Mutsumi Yano , Mitsuzo Nogami , Reizo Maeda , Mamoru Kimoto , Shigekazu Yasuoka , Katsuhiko Shinyama , Koji Nishio , Toshihiko Saito
IPC分类号： H01M4/32 , H01M4/52 , H01M10/30
CPC分类号： H01M4/32 , H01M4/52 , H01M10/30 , Y02P70/54
摘要： A non-sintered nickel electrode for use in alkaline storage cells includes an active material comprising a solid solution of nickel hydroxide mixed with manganese, the solid solution further incorporating one or more elements selected from a group consisting of cobalt, cadmium, calcium and magnesium; an active material comprising a solid solution of nickel hydroxide mixed with manganese and zinc, the solid solution further incorporating one or more elements selected from a group consisting of cobalt, cadmium, calcium and magnesium; or an active material comprising nickel hydroxide with manganese added thereto, some of which manganese is incorporated in a solid solution of nickel hydroxide and the rest of which manganese exists as liberated from the solid solution of nickel hydroxide.
摘要翻译：用于碱性蓄电池的非烧结镍电极包括含有与锰混合的氢氧化镍固溶体的活性材料，所述固溶体还包含一种或多种选自钴，镉，钙和镁的元素; 包含与锰和锌混合的氢氧化镍的固溶体的活性材料，所述固溶体还包含一种或多种选自钴，镉，钙和镁的元素; 或包含氢氧化镍的活性物质，其中加入一些锰，其中一些锰被引入氢氧化镍的固溶体中，其余的锰从氢氧化镍的固溶体中释放出来。

9. 发明授权

US06287725B1 Sintered hydrogen storage alloy electrode and nickel-hydrogen storage battery 失效
标题翻译：烧结储氢合金电极和镍氢蓄电池
公开(公告)号：US06287725B1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-11
申请号：US09402234
申请日：2000-02-01
申请人： Reizo Maeda , Syuuichi Suzuki , Hiroshi Nakamura , Mitsuzo Nogami , Ikuo Yonezu , Koji Nishio
发明人： Reizo Maeda , Syuuichi Suzuki , Hiroshi Nakamura , Mitsuzo Nogami , Ikuo Yonezu , Koji Nishio
IPC分类号： H01M458
CPC分类号： C01B3/0057 , C22C19/03 , H01M4/0471 , H01M4/242 , H01M4/26 , H01M4/385 , H01M4/661 , H01M10/30 , Y02E60/124 , Y02E60/327
摘要： The present electrode is fabricated by coating a conductive substrate with a paste including a hydrogen-absorbing alloy, a binder and a carbon material and sintering the conductive substrate coated with the paste under vacuum or in an atmosphere of a non-oxidizing gas. In this electrode, the carbon material works as a reducing agent so as to suppress oxidation of the hydrogen-absorbing alloy during the sintering, and therefore, the electrode exhibits large oxygen absorbing power in over-charge. Furthermore, the present battery uses, as a negative electrode, the sintered hydrogen-absorbing alloy electrode exhibiting large oxygen absorbing power in over-charge, and hence attains high reliability because increase of the pressure within the battery is minimal.
摘要翻译：本发明的电极通过用包含吸氢合金，粘合剂和碳材料的糊剂涂覆导电性基材来制造，并且在真空下或非氧化性气体气氛下烧结涂布有糊剂的导电性基材。在该电极中，碳材料作为还原剂起作用，以抑制烧结时的吸氢合金的氧化，因此，电极在过充电中表现出较大的氧吸收能力。此外，本发明的电池使用在过充电中表现出大的氧吸收能力的烧结储氢合金电极作为负极，因此由于电池内的压力增加最小，因此获得高的可靠性。

10. 发明授权

US5827494A Process for producing non-sintered nickel electrode for alkaline battery 失效
标题翻译：生产碱性电池用非烧结镍电极的方法
公开(公告)号：US5827494A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-27
申请号：US854390
申请日：1997-05-12
申请人： Mutsumi Yano , Mitsuzo Nogami , Katsuhiko Shinyama , Yoshito Chikano , Koji Nishio , Toshihiko Saito
发明人： Mutsumi Yano , Mitsuzo Nogami , Katsuhiko Shinyama , Yoshito Chikano , Koji Nishio , Toshihiko Saito
IPC分类号： H01M4/52 , H01M10/30 , H01M10/34 , C01G53/00 , H01M4/26
CPC分类号： H01M4/52 , H01M10/30 , H01M10/345 , Y10T29/49115
摘要： An non-sintered nickel electrode of alkaline batteries uses an active material powder which comprises composite particles comprising nickel hydroxide particles or solid solution particles consisting essentially of nickel hydroxide the surface of which is covered with a mixed crystal of cobalt hydroxide and the hydroxide of at least one metal (M) selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, indium and zinc. With this electrode, the cobalt hydroxide, which covers as a component of the mixed crystal the surface of the nickel hydroxide particles, minimally diffuses into them. Alkaline batteries using this electrode as positive electrode can therefore maintain, for a long period of time of charge-discharge cycles, the function of the cobalt hydroxide of increasing the conductivity of the electrode, thereby suppressing decrease in the discharge capacity in the course of charge-discharge cycles.
摘要翻译：碱性电池的非烧结镍电极使用活性材料粉末，其包含由氢氧化镍颗粒或主要由氢氧化镍组成的固体溶液颗粒的复合颗粒，其表面被氢氧化钴和至少一种氢氧化物的混合晶体覆盖一种选自铝，镁，铟和锌的金属（M）。使用该电极，氢氧化镍颗粒的表面作为混合晶体的成分覆盖氢氧化钴，最小程度地扩散到它们中。因此，使用该电极作为正极的碱性电池可以在充放电循环的长时间内保持增加电极的导电性的氢氧化钴的功能，从而抑制电荷的放电容量的降低 - 充电循环。

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