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1. 发明授权

US4419190A Method and apparatus to measure the operating temperature of solid electrolyte-type gas sensors 失效
标题翻译：测量固体电解质型气体传感器工作温度的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4419190A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-06
申请号：US357803
申请日：1982-03-12
申请人： Hermann Dietz , Ferdinand Grob , Klaus Muller , Lothar Raff , Franz Rieger , Hans-Martin Wiedenmann
发明人： Hermann Dietz , Ferdinand Grob , Klaus Muller , Lothar Raff , Franz Rieger , Hans-Martin Wiedenmann
IPC分类号： G01N27/41 , G01K7/00 , G01K7/28 , G01N27/406 , G01N27/409 , G05D23/24 , G01N27/58
CPC分类号： G01N27/4065 , G01K7/28 , G05D23/1906 , G05D23/24
摘要： To provide for temperature measurement of a solid electrolyte polarographic gas composition sensor, an ac signal is superimposed from an ac voltage source (2) on the applied voltage from a voltage source (1) if the sensor is a polarographic sensor, the ac signal being separated from the output by a filter combination (6, 7), the dc output being evaluated as usual, and the ac output being rectified in a rectifier (9) to obtain a measure of the temperature since the ac resistance (R.sub.alt) is highly temperature dependent (see FIG. 3). The ac preferably is about 10% of the applied dc voltage, so that the voltage swing of the ac potential falls well within the linear range of output current with respect to voltage (see FIG. 2). The output from the ac channel (7, 9) to evaluate the temperature signal can be connected to a control loop circuit (10, 11), including a heater (11) to heat the sensor to maintain a uniform temperature thereof.
摘要翻译：为了提供固体电解质极谱气体组成传感器的温度测量，如果传感器是极谱传感器，则交流电信号从交流电压源（2）叠加在来自电压源（1）的施加电压上，交流信号为通过滤波器组合（6,7）从输出分离，直流输出按照常规进行评估，并且交流输出在整流器（9）中整流以获得由于交流电阻（Ralt）高的温度的测量温度依赖（参见图3）。交流电压优选为所施加的直流电压的约10％，使得交流电位的电压摆幅相对于电压在输出电流的线性范围内很好地下降（见图2）。来自用于评估温度信号的交流通道（7,9）的输出可以连接到包括加热器（11）的控制回路电路（10,11），以加热传感器以保持其均匀的温度。

2. 发明授权

US4532013A Method for monitoring operation of a current-limiting type gas sensor 失效
标题翻译：用于监测限流型气体传感器的操作的方法
公开(公告)号：US4532013A
公开(公告)日：1985-07-30
申请号：US357622
申请日：1982-03-12
申请人： Hermann Dietz , Ferdinand Grob , Klaus Muller , Harald Reber
发明人： Hermann Dietz , Ferdinand Grob , Klaus Muller , Harald Reber
IPC分类号： F02D41/14 , G01N27/417 , G01N33/00 , G01N27/46
CPC分类号： G01N33/007 , F02D41/1476 , F02D41/2432 , F02D41/2474 , G01N27/4175 , G01N33/0006 , F02D41/2441 , F02D41/2454
摘要： To permit calibrating and testing a current-limiting sensor in situ, the sensor is exposed, from time to time, to ambient air forming a standard gas, and the output thereof compared with a standard, for example by connecting a resistor (4) of standard value in circuit therewith or for recalling from a memory (23) in a microcomputer (22) standard conditions; upon determination of a deviation between output from the sensor (2) when exposed to the standard gas--typically air--and the theoretical value as stored, the theoretical or reference value is reset if the deviation is within a predetermined limit or, otherwise, an alarm output is provided. The tolerance limits can be set in such a way that a first alarm output is provided in a narrow tolerance, thus indicating drift of the sensor toward eventual malfunction, and permitting utilization of the sensor for long lifetime, while providing advance warning of imminent failure. Change of applied voltage to the sensor and test for current therethrough can then derive an actual operating curve which can be compared with stored test curves in the memory from which, upon extrapolation, a tendency to failure can be predicted and recognized.
摘要翻译：为了允许现场校准和测试限流传感器，传感器不时地暴露于形成标准气体的环境空气中，并且其传输与标准相比较，例如通过连接电阻器（4）的电路中的标准值或用于在微型计算机（22）的标准条件下从存储器（23）进行调用; 当确定暴露于标准气体（通常为空气）时与传感器（2）的输出之间的偏差与存储的理论值之间的偏差，如果偏差在预定限度内，理论值或参考值将被重置，否则，提供报警输出。公差极限可以这样设置，使得第一报警输出以窄公差提供，从而指示传感器朝向最终故障的漂移，并且允许传感器长时间使用，同时提供即将发生故障的提前警告。传感器的施加电压的变化和通过其测试的电流随后可导出实际的操作曲线，该实际操作曲线可以与存储器中存储的测试曲线进行比较，在外推时，可以预测和识别故障倾向。

3. 发明授权

US4334974A Electrochemical oxygen sensor, particularly for use with exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, and especially for polarographic application 失效
标题翻译：电化学氧传感器，特别适用于内燃机废气，尤其适用于极谱应用
公开(公告)号：US4334974A
公开(公告)日：1982-06-15
申请号：US121598
申请日：1980-02-14
申请人： Klaus Muller , Helmut Maurer , Ernst Linder , Franz Rieger , Karl H. Friese , Harald Reber , Hermann Dietz , Hermann Ziener , Friedrich Esper , Gerhard Holfelder
发明人： Klaus Muller , Helmut Maurer , Ernst Linder , Franz Rieger , Karl H. Friese , Harald Reber , Hermann Dietz , Hermann Ziener , Friedrich Esper , Gerhard Holfelder
IPC分类号： G01N27/41 , G01N27/403 , G01N27/406 , G01N27/407 , G01N27/409 , G01N27/413 , G01N27/416 , G01N27/58
CPC分类号： G01N27/4071 , G01N27/4067
摘要： To permit a layer construction, which is inexpensive and lends itself to mass production manufacture, a solid electrolyte body, in plate-like construction, with electrodes at either thereof is positioned in a housing with a portion thereof extending in the region where it is exposed to gases to be sensed; a porous cover is applied on one of the electrodes, the porous cover having a predetermined diffusion resistance to oxygen molecules. A flat insulating plate of approximately the same dimension as the solid electrolyte plate is positioned flat thereagainst, and a flat layer-like electrical heating element is secured on the flat insulating plate or, in other embodiments, against another insulating covering on the other side of the heating element as well, close to the electrodes and adjacent the plane surfaces of the body. The heating element and the electrodes of the sensing element are carried out as conductive tracks for connection to respective sources of operating or biassing potential and, with respect to the sensing electrodes, to an evaluation circuit.
摘要翻译：为了允许廉价的并且适合批量生产制造的层结构，板状结构中的固体电解质体，其中的电极位于壳体中，其一部分在其暴露的区域中延伸对待检测的气体; 在其中一个电极上施加多孔覆盖层，多孔覆盖层对氧分子具有预定的扩散阻力。与固体电解质板大致相同尺寸的平板绝缘板位于平坦的平面上，平板状电加热元件固定在平绝缘板上，或者在其他实施例中固定在另一侧的另一绝缘覆盖物加热元件也靠近电极并且靠近主体的平面。感测元件的加热元件和电极被执行为用于连接到相应的操作或偏置电位源的导电轨道，并且相对于感测电极被执行到评估电路。

4. 发明授权

US4283261A Electrochemical sensor structure to determine oxygen content in combustion exhaust gases 失效
标题翻译：电化学传感器结构来确定燃烧废气中的氧含量
公开(公告)号：US4283261A
公开(公告)日：1981-08-11
申请号：US100256
申请日：1979-12-04
申请人： Helmut Maurer , Klaus Muller , Franz Rieger , Ernst Linder , Hermann Dietz , Karl-Hermann Friese , Bodo Ziegler
发明人： Helmut Maurer , Klaus Muller , Franz Rieger , Ernst Linder , Hermann Dietz , Karl-Hermann Friese , Bodo Ziegler
IPC分类号： G01N27/407 , G01N27/416 , G01N27/46
CPC分类号： G01N27/4071
摘要： To measure partial oxygen pressure in gases, particularly exhaust gases of automotive-type combustion engines, a solid electrolyte plate of elongated rectangular configuration has at least one electrode pair applied to a single surface thereof, which is exposed to the measuring gas. Preferably, the gap between electrodes is elongated, by forming the electrodes in comb-interdigited form. A thermocouple - temperature sensor can be applied between connecting tracks for the electrodes which extend longitudinally of the electrolyte plate towards the other end thereof, through a sealing mass holding the plate within a housing, the other end forming, simultaneously, a connection terminal for connection to an electric connector or plug. A heating element can be placed on the obverse side of the plate, preferably in the position in the gap between the electrodes. More than one such sensor element may be secured in the same housing, and, for example, two such plates, back to back, with the heating element therebetween, spaced from each other, or as a common block. The sensor may be used for potentiometric and/or polarographic measurement, depending upon cover coatings on the electrodes which control exposure thereof to the gases, catalytic or non-catalytic action of the electrodes (for example being of platinum or gold, respectively) and whether a voltage is applied across the electrode terminals, or the sensor is to operate as an electrochemical cell. Such sensor can be inexpensively made, are suitable for mass production, and flexible with respect to their mode of operation.
摘要翻译：为了测量气体，特别是汽车型内燃机的废气中的部分氧气压力，细长矩形结构的固体电解质板具有至少一个电极对，其被施加到暴露于测量气体的单个表面。优选地，通过以梳形交错形式形成电极，电极之间的间隙是细长的。热电偶 - 温度传感器可以被施加在电极的连接轨道之间，电极的连接轨道通过将板保持在壳体内的密封块向另一端延伸，另一端同时形成用于连接的连接端子电连接器或插头。加热元件可以放置在板的正面上，优选地位于电极之间的间隙中的位置。多个这样的传感器元件可以固定在相同的壳体中，并且例如两个这样的板，背对背，加热元件在它们之间，彼此间隔开，或者作为公共块。传感器可以用于电位和/或极谱测量，这取决于电极上的覆盖物涂层，其控制其暴露于气体，电极的催化或非催化作用（例如分别为铂或金），以及是否在电极端子上施加电压，或者传感器用作电化学电池。这种传感器可以廉价地制造，适合于批量生产，并且相对于它们的操作模式是灵活的。

5. 发明授权

US4355618A Method and apparatus for obtaining a control variable for the closed-loop control of the fuel-air ratio in the operating mixture of internal combustion engines 失效
标题翻译：用于获得用于内燃机的操作混合物中的燃料 - 空气比的闭环控制的控制变量的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4355618A
公开(公告)日：1982-10-26
申请号：US207560
申请日：1980-11-17
申请人： Klaus Muller , Franz Rieger , Helmut Maurer , Ernst Linder , Harald Reber , Hermann Dietz
发明人： Klaus Muller , Franz Rieger , Helmut Maurer , Ernst Linder , Harald Reber , Hermann Dietz
IPC分类号： F02D41/34 , F02D3/00 , F02D41/14 , F02B3/00
CPC分类号： F02D41/1476
摘要： A method and apparatus is proposed for obtaining a control variable for the closed-loop control of the fuel-air ratio of the operating mixture of internal combustion engines, in which a threshold-current sensor of known structure is used. By means of varying the measurement voltage present at the threshold-current sensor by voltage amounts which correspond to a change in oxygen concentration to be expected in association with a change in operational state, the time behavior of the threshold-current sensor, which is essentially sluggish, is compensated for and it becomes possible to use it for rapidly-functioning closed-loop control systems in internal combustion engines.
摘要翻译：提出了一种方法和装置，用于获得其中使用已知结构的阈值电流传感器的内燃机的操作混合物的燃料 - 空气比的闭环控制的控制变量。通过将阈值电流传感器上存在的测量电压改变为与预期的运行状态变化相对应的氧浓度变化的电压量，阈值电流传感器的时间特性基本上是缓慢，被补偿，并且可以将其用于内燃机中快速功能的闭环控制系统。

6. 发明授权

US4419212A Combination gas oxygen concentration and combustion light sensor 失效
标题翻译：组合气体氧浓度和燃烧光传感器
公开(公告)号：US4419212A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-06
申请号：US343194
申请日：1982-01-27
申请人： Hermann Dietz , Gerhard Holfelder , Klaus Muller , Harald Reber
发明人： Hermann Dietz , Gerhard Holfelder , Klaus Muller , Harald Reber
IPC分类号： G01J1/02 , F02B1/04 , F02P17/12 , G01L23/22 , G01M15/04 , G01M15/10 , G01N27/403 , G01N27/407 , G01N27/409 , H01T13/48 , G01N27/46
CPC分类号： G01N27/407 , G01L23/22 , G01M15/10 , G01N27/4062 , H01T13/48 , F02B1/04
摘要： To permit simultaneous evaluation of the light as a consequence of combustion in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion (IC) engine, and evaluation of the oxygen content of the combustion gas resulting from the combustion, a tubular housing of generally spark-plug shape is closed off at the end facing the combustion chamber by a solid electrolyte body in form of a disk (6), closed tube or thimble (6c) or the like, which is made of transparent zirconium dioxide. The interior of the housing has a light guide (7) extending therein. The solid electrolyte body has electrodes (11, 11'; 11c, 11'c) applied thereto, electrically connected to an electrical evaluation stage (EE) to determine oxygen concentration in the combustion gases, while the light due to combustion is transmitted through the solid electrolyte to the light guide for evaluation in an optical evaluation stage (EO). The ceramic body may be ground to form a lens to focus light resulting upon combustion on the light guide which can have a jacket (15) which is electrically conductive to provide one output terminal from the electrodes applied to the solid electrolyte body, the other electrode being connected through the housing to chassis.
摘要翻译：为了同时评价作为内燃（IC）发动机的燃烧室中燃烧的结果的光，以及燃烧产生的燃烧气体的氧含量的评价，通常为火花塞形状的管状壳体为在由透明二氧化锆制成的盘（6），封闭管或套管（6c）等形式的固体电解质体封闭在面向燃烧室的一端。壳体的内部具有在其中延伸的导光体（7）。固体电解质体具有施加到其上的电极（11,11'; 11c，11'c），电连接到电气评估台（EE）以确定燃烧气体中的氧浓度，同时由于燃烧的光被透过在光学评估阶段（EO）中评估光导体的固体电解质。陶瓷体可以被研磨以形成透镜以将导致燃烧的光聚焦在导光体上，该光导可以具有导电的护套（15），以从施加到固体电解质体的电极提供一个输出端，另一个电极通过外壳连接到底盘。

7. 发明授权

US4292158A Oxygen sensor of the polarographic type, particularly for use with internal combustion engines 失效
标题翻译：特殊类型的氧传感器，特别适用于内燃机
公开(公告)号：US4292158A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-29
申请号：US157303
申请日：1980-06-09
申请人： Klaus Muller , Helmut Maurer , Hermann Dietz , Karl-Hermann Friese , Wolfgang Leibfried , Gunther Stecher , Ernst Linder
发明人： Klaus Muller , Helmut Maurer , Hermann Dietz , Karl-Hermann Friese , Wolfgang Leibfried , Gunther Stecher , Ernst Linder
IPC分类号： G01N27/41 , G01N27/407 , G01N27/413 , G01N27/416 , G01N27/48 , G01N33/00 , G01N27/58
CPC分类号： G01N27/4075 , G01N27/4072 , G01N27/48 , G01N33/0011
摘要： To simplify manufacture and provide a polarographic sensor of high response speed, operating according to the current limiting principle, an oxygen molecule migration barrier is provided leading to the cathode by separating the cathode from the space where the gas to be tested exists by a wall through which a hole is provided which extends therethrough to a small space immediately above the cathode defined by support elements placed immediately on the cathode. The hole, or a plurality of holes, is so dimensioned that the diameter thereof, with respect to its length, is small, with diameters of between 0.01 to 0.06 mm and a length of at least about 1 mm being suitable.
摘要翻译：为了简化制造并提供具有高响应速度的极谱传感器，根据电流限制原理进行操作，通过将阴极从被测试气体存在的空间通过壁穿过而分离出阴极，从而提供氧分子迁移屏障其中提供了一个孔，其延伸穿过其中直接位于阴极正上方的支撑元件限定的阴极正上方的小空间。孔或多个孔的尺寸被设计成使得其直径相对于其长度小，直径在0.01至0.06mm之间，长度至少约1mm是合适的。

8. 发明授权

US4356065A Polarographic oxygen concentration sensor and method of determining oxygen content in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine 失效
标题翻译：极谱氧浓度传感器和确定内燃机废气中的氧含量的方法
公开(公告)号：US4356065A
公开(公告)日：1982-10-26
申请号：US213049
申请日：1980-12-04
申请人： Hermann Dietz
发明人： Hermann Dietz
IPC分类号： G01N27/41 , F02B1/04 , F02D41/14 , G01K7/26 , G01N27/407 , G01N27/409 , G01N27/413 , G05B23/02 , G01N27/58
CPC分类号： G01N27/4075 , F02B1/04
摘要： A solid electrolyte is sandwiched between a measuring electrode exposed to the gas and a reference electrode exposed to a reference gas of known oxygen level, and a cover, for example in form of a layer or a cap, is applied over the measuring electrode. To linearize output from the sensor over a wide range of oxygen partial pressure in a gas so that, upon applying a voltage across the electrodes thereof, current flow will be representative of the oxygen concentration in the gas, the cover consists of a material having a predetermined diffusion resistance to oxygen while essentially inhibiting convection of gases to the electrode and limiting the quantity of oxygen reaching the measuring electrode to that value at which any oxygen molecules reaching the measuring electrode will be immediately converted by electrode reaction, thus inhibiting current flow through the sensor due to diffusion of gases and preventing that the current through the sensor will be determined by the activating energy of the charge penetration through the phase separation at the electrode surface.
摘要翻译：将固体电解质夹在暴露于气体的测量电极和暴露于已知氧含量的参考气体的参比电极之间，并将覆盖物例如层或盖的形式施加到测量电极上。为了在气体中的宽范围的氧分压线性化传感器的输出，使得当在其电极上施加电压时，电流将代表气体中的氧浓度，盖由具有预定的对氧气的扩散阻力，同时基本上抑制气体对电极的对流，并将到达测量电极的氧气量限制在达到测量电极的任何氧分子将被电极反应立即转换的值，从而抑制电流流经传感器由于气体的扩散并且阻止通过传感器的电流将由通过电极表面处的相分离的电荷穿透的活化能确定。

9. 发明授权

US5474665A Measuring sensor for determining the oxygen content of gas mixtures 失效
标题翻译：用于测定气体混合物氧含量的测量传感器
公开(公告)号：US5474665A
公开(公告)日：1995-12-12
申请号：US306572
申请日：1994-09-15
申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese , Hermann Dietz , Hermann Fischer , Manfred Koeder , Werner Gruenwald , Ulrich Eisele
发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese , Hermann Dietz , Hermann Fischer , Manfred Koeder , Werner Gruenwald , Ulrich Eisele
IPC分类号： F02B1/04 , F02D41/14 , G01N27/409 , G01N27/419 , G01N27/407
CPC分类号： G01N27/419 , F02B1/04
摘要： The invention relates to a measuring sensor having pump reference for measuring the oxygen content of gas mixtures, particularly exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. The sensor includes a measuring cell (A) and a reference cell (B) each having a pair of electrodes, with one of each respective pairs of electrodes being common to the two cells, and having a fixed electrolyte. Reference cell (B) has defined therein an internal oxygen reference zone which is hermetically sealed from the gas mixture and which is connected to the atmosphere by way of a pressure-equalization line. The measuring cell (A) and the reference cell (B) can be heated by heating apparatus to a temperature at which the fixed electrolyte has an ionic conductivity which is sufficiently high. The heating apparatus and a porous insulation are advantageously disposed in the vicinity of the electrode of the reference cell which is not in common with the measuring cell and which is porous so that the porous insulation, together with the porous electrode, form the internal oxygen reference zone and, together with the porous electrode and its porous conductor track, form the pressure-equalization line.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种具有用于测量气体混合物，特别是内燃机废气的氧含量的泵参考的测量传感器。传感器包括测量单元（A）和参考单元（B），每个参考单元具有一对电极，每对电极中的每一对电极与两个单元共用，并具有固定的电解液。参考电池（B）在其中限定了内部氧参考区，其内部氧参考区与气体混合物气密密封，并通过压力平衡线连接到大气。测量单元（A）和参考单元（B）可以通过加热装置加热至固定电解质具有足够高的离子电导率的温度。加热装置和多孔绝缘体有利地设置在参比单元的电极附近，其与测量池不相同，并且是多孔的，使得多孔绝缘体与多孔电极一起形成内部氧参考并且与多孔电极及其多孔导体轨道一起形成压力平衡线。

10. 发明授权

US5879526A Electrochemical measuring sensor for determining nitrogen oxides in gas mixtures 失效
标题翻译：用于测定气体混合物中氮氧化物的电化学测量传感器
公开(公告)号：US5879526A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-09
申请号：US822510
申请日：1997-03-24
申请人： Hermann Dietz , Werner Gruenwald
发明人： Hermann Dietz , Werner Gruenwald
IPC分类号： G01N33/00 , G01N27/41
CPC分类号： G01N33/0037
摘要： An electrochemical measuring sensor for selectively determining nitrogen oxides in a gas mixture including oxygen and nitrogen oxides, includes a solid electrolyte layer; a cover layer; and a diffusion channel which is defined between the solid electrolyte layer and the cover layer, and through which the gas mixture diffuses in a diffusion direction. The solid electrolyte layer has provided on a surface thereof a first cathode and a second cathode disposed one after the other in the diffusion direction of the gas mixture within the diffusion channel and exposed to the gas mixture in the order recited, and has provided on an opposite surface thereof at least one anode. The diffusion channel forms a diffusion barrier for the second cathode. The first and second cathodes and the at least one anode are gas permeable and consist of one of a precious metal or a precious metal alloy. The first cathode is provided with a coating which completely covers same, which is impermeable to nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x), and which is permeable to oxygen. The first cathode, a portion of the solid electrolyte, and the at least one anode form a first pumping cell. The second cathode, another portion of the solid electrolyte, and the at least one anode form a second pumping cell. A measuring signal for determining NO.sub.x is measured between the second cathode of the second pumping cell and the at least one anode of the second pumping cell as a limiting current.
摘要翻译：一种用于选择性地确定包含氧和氮氧化物的气体混合物中的氮氧化物的电化学测量传感器包括固体电解质层; 覆盖层; 以及限定在固体电解质层和覆盖层之间的扩散通道，气体混合物通过该扩散通道沿扩散方向扩散。固体电解质层在其表面上设置有在扩散通道内的气体混合物的扩散方向上一个接一个地设置的第一阴极和第二阴极，并以所述顺序暴露于气体混合物，并且其相对表面具有至少一个阳极。扩散通道形成第二阴极的扩散阻挡层。第一和第二阴极和至少一个阳极是透气的，由贵金属或贵金属合金之一组成。第一阴极设置有完全覆盖的涂层，其对于氮氧化物（NOx）是不可渗透的，并且其是透氧的。第一阴极，固体电解质的一部分和至少一个阳极形成第一泵浦电池。第二阴极，固体电解质的另一部分和至少一个阳极形成第二泵浦电池。在第二泵浦电池的第二阴极和第二泵浦电池的至少一个阳极之间测量用于确定NOx的测量信号作为限制电流。

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