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1. 发明授权

US4344816A Selectively etched bodies 失效
标题翻译：选择性蚀刻的物体
公开(公告)号：US4344816A
公开(公告)日：1982-08-17
申请号：US218089
申请日：1980-12-19
申请人： Harold G. Craighead , Richard E. Howard , Donald M. Tennant
发明人： Harold G. Craighead , Richard E. Howard , Donald M. Tennant
IPC分类号： H01L21/302 , C23F4/00 , H01L21/3065 , C23F1/02
CPC分类号： C23F4/00 , Y10S428/929 , Y10T428/12431
摘要： Bodies having conical structures with dimensions on the order of the wavelength of visible light are prepared by a specific process. This process involves the formation of a mask by depositing a material that forms the mask onto the body to be etched and choosing the mask material so that it does not substantially wet the surface of the body. The mask thus fabricated has hill-type formations where the spacings between these formations are of the order of the wavelength of visible light. An etchant that etches the mask at a specific rate relative to the underlying body is then used to perform the etching procedure. Exemplary bodies produced by the procedure include tungsten textured bodies that exhibit light emissivities significantly higher than those possessed by the corresponding untreated tungsten material.
摘要翻译：通过特定的方法制备具有尺寸在可见光波长上的锥形结构的体。该方法涉及通过将形成掩模的材料沉积到待蚀刻的主体上并选择掩模材料以使其基本上不润湿身体表面来形成掩模。如此制造的掩模具有山形地层，其中这些地层之间的间距是可见光波长的数量级。然后使用以相对于下面的身体的特定速率蚀刻掩模的蚀刻剂来执行蚀刻过程。通过该方法产生的示例性物体包括显示比相应的未处理钨材料所具有的光发射率更高的光发射率的钨纹理体。

2. 发明授权

US4284689A Light-absorbing materials 失效
标题翻译：吸光材料
公开(公告)号：US4284689A
公开(公告)日：1981-08-18
申请号：US137602
申请日：1980-04-07
申请人： Harold G. Craighead , Richard E. Howard
发明人： Harold G. Craighead , Richard E. Howard
IPC分类号： F24J2/48 , B32B15/04 , C23C15/00 , B32B3/00
CPC分类号： F24J2/485 , Y02E10/40 , Y10S126/908 , Y10S428/913 , Y10T428/12472 , Y10T428/12528 , Y10T428/12674 , Y10T428/12681 , Y10T428/12993 , Y10T428/24355 , Y10T428/261
摘要： Materials have been made that exhibit high absorption in the visible, near ultraviolet, and near infrared spectral region while simultaneously exhibiting low absorptivity in the thermal infrared. Exemplary of such materials is silicon which is etched in a reactive sputtering process in the presence of a sputterable material. Other materials exhibiting useful properties are produced by this method.
摘要翻译：已经制造出在可见光，近紫外光和近红外光谱区域表现出高吸收性的材料，同时在热红外线中表现出低吸收率。这种材料的示例是在存在可溅射材料的情况下在反应溅射工艺中被蚀刻的硅。通过该方法制造出具有有用特性的其它材料。

3. 发明授权

US4422159A Optical information storage and retrieval 失效
标题翻译：光信息存储和检索
公开(公告)号：US4422159A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-20
申请号：US299172
申请日：1981-09-03
申请人： Harold G. Craighead , Richard E. Howard
发明人： Harold G. Craighead , Richard E. Howard
IPC分类号： B41M5/26 , G11B7/24 , G11B7/243 , G11C13/04
CPC分类号： G11B7/245 , G11B7/24 , G11B7/243 , G11B2007/24306 , G11B2007/24312 , G11B7/2531
摘要： A process employing bodies that are fabricated to have a specific configuration are useful for the storage of information such as digital data. In one embodiment a material, such as germanium, is etched to produce a structure having a multiplicity of columnar or conical features. By providing a sufficient number of these features per unit area, it is possible to store at a relatively high density a variety of information. This information storage is accomplished by melting the columns or cones in a localized area. If these structures are of the appropriate size and spacing, they appear optically absorbing before melting and a reflective region appears in the treated area. In this manner archival storage of densely packed information is possible.
摘要翻译：使用被制造成具有特定配置的身体的过程对于诸如数字数据的信息的存储是有用的。在一个实施例中，蚀刻诸如锗的材料以产生具有多个柱状或圆锥形特征的结构。通过提供每单位面积足够数量的这些特征，可以以相对较高的密度存储各种信息。该信息存储通过在局部区域中熔化柱或锥来实现。如果这些结构具有适当的尺寸和间距，则它们在熔化之前呈现光学吸收，并且在处理区域中出现反射区域。以这种方式，密集封装信息的档案存储是可能的。

4. 发明授权

US5265143A X-ray optical element including a multilayer coating 失效
标题翻译： X射线光学元件包括多层涂层
公开(公告)号：US5265143A
公开(公告)日：1993-11-23
申请号：US857
申请日：1993-01-05
申请人： Kathleen R. Early , Richard E. Howard , Donald M. Tennant , Warren K. Waskiewicz , David L. Windt
发明人： Kathleen R. Early , Richard E. Howard , Donald M. Tennant , Warren K. Waskiewicz , David L. Windt
IPC分类号： G01J1/04 , G02B5/08 , G21K1/06 , H01L21/308 , H01L21/312
CPC分类号： B82Y10/00 , G21K1/062 , G21K2201/061 , G21K2201/067
摘要： In one aspect, the invention involves an optical element in an x-ray imaging system. The element comprises a substrate overlain by a multilayer coating. The multilayer coating comprises plural first and at least second material layers in alternation. This coating is soluble in at least one etchant solution at an etching temperature less than 100.degree. C. The optical element further comprises a barrier layer intermediate the substrate and the multilayer coating. The barrier layer is relatively insoluble in the etchant solution at the etching temperature. In a second aspect of the invention, the optical element comprises a substrate and a multilayer coating as described above, and further comprises a release layer that underlies the multilayer coating. The release layer comprises a material that is relatively soluble in at least one etchant solution at an etching temperature less than 100.degree. C. In contrast to release layers of the prior art, the inventive release layer comprises germanium.
摘要翻译：在一个方面，本发明涉及x射线成像系统中的光学元件。元件包括由多层涂层覆盖的基底。多层涂层交替地包括多个第一和至少第二材料层。该涂层在小于100℃的蚀刻温度下可溶于至少一种蚀刻剂溶液。光学元件还包括位于基底和多层涂层之间的阻挡层。在蚀刻温度下，阻挡层相对不溶于蚀刻剂溶液。在本发明的第二方面，光学元件包括如上所述的基底和多层涂层，并且还包括在多层涂层下面的剥离层。剥离层包括在低于100℃的蚀刻温度下相对可溶于至少一种蚀刻剂溶液的材料。与现有技术的剥离层相反，本发明的剥离层包括锗。

5. 发明授权

US4550249A Optical disc read/write apparatus 失效
标题翻译：光盘读写装置
公开(公告)号：US4550249A
公开(公告)日：1985-10-29
申请号：US487248
申请日：1983-04-21
申请人： Theodoor C. Damen , Michael A. Duguay , Richard E. Howard , Lawrence D. Jackel , William J. Skocpol
发明人： Theodoor C. Damen , Michael A. Duguay , Richard E. Howard , Lawrence D. Jackel , William J. Skocpol
IPC分类号： G11B7/085 , G11B7/09 , G11B7/135 , G11B7/14 , G01J1/20
CPC分类号： G11B7/08564 , G11B7/1374 , G11B7/14
摘要： A read/write system which reduces access time in optical disc apparatus is disclosed. The head includes an array of lenses which covers a substantial portion of the radius of the disc. Access of a particular disc track is achieved by deflection of the reading beam, rather than by any physical movement of the head. For read-out, the array focuses light reflected from the disc onto a corresponding array of photodetectors.
摘要翻译：公开了一种减少光盘装置中的存取时间的读/写系统。头部包括覆盖盘的半径的大部分的透镜阵列。通过读取光束的偏转而不是头部的任何物理运动来实现特定光盘轨道的访问。为了读出，阵列将从光盘反射的光聚焦到相应的光电检测器阵列上。

6. 发明授权

US4515436A Single-mode single-polarization optical fiber 失效
标题翻译：单模单极化光纤
公开(公告)号：US4515436A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-07
申请号：US464059
申请日：1983-02-04
申请人： Richard E. Howard , William Pleibel , Jay R. Simpson , Rogers H. Stolen
发明人： Richard E. Howard , William Pleibel , Jay R. Simpson , Rogers H. Stolen
IPC分类号： C03C3/04 , C03C13/04 , G02B6/024 , G02B6/10 , G02B6/28 , G02B5/14 , G02B5/172
CPC分类号： G02B6/2804 , G02B6/105
摘要： The present invention relates to a single-mode single-polarization optical fiber which is capable of functioning as an in-line fiber polarizer which allows only one polarization of the fundamental mode to propagate along the fiber. In structure, the fiber comprises a central core region (10) and a cladding region (12) which is substantially in contact with the central core region. The various regions are formed such that the refractive index of an outer cladding region is greater than the refractive index of an inner cladding region but less than that of the core region. The arrangement of the present invention produces stress-birefringence between the cladding regions and the central core region sufficient to split the two orthogonal polarizations (n.sub..parallel. and n.sub..perp.) of the fundamental mode such that the desired polarization propagates freely and the undesired polarization is attenuated by tunneling through the cladding layers.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种单模单偏振光纤，其能够用作线性光纤偏振器，其仅允许基模的一个偏振沿着光纤传播。在结构上，纤维包括中心芯区域（10）和与中心芯区域基本上接触的包层区域（12）。各个区域形成为使得外包层区域的折射率大于内包层区域的折射率，但小于核心区域的折射率。本发明的布置在包层区域和中央核心区域之间产生足以分裂基模的两个正交极化（n PARALLEL和n ORTHOGONAL）的应力双折射，使得期望的偏振自由地传播并且不希望的极化被衰减通过隧道穿过包覆层。

7. 发明授权

US4370359A Fabrication technique for junction devices 失效
标题翻译：接线器件制造技术
公开(公告)号：US4370359A
公开(公告)日：1983-01-25
申请号：US178900
申请日：1980-08-18
申请人： Linus A. Fetter , Richard E. Howard , Evelyn L. Hu , Lawrence D. Jackel
发明人： Linus A. Fetter , Richard E. Howard , Evelyn L. Hu , Lawrence D. Jackel
IPC分类号： H01L39/24 , B05D5/12
CPC分类号： H01L39/2493
摘要： A self-aligning technique is used to produce small area junctions such as small area Josephson junctions. A base layer having a thickness corresponding to one dimension of the junction is first deposited. An insulating material is then deposited from a source positioned so that the base layer itself masks its edge from the insulator being formed. This procedure coats the base layer with an insulator, but leaves an edge of this layer free of insulation. A junction is then completed on this uncoated edge.
摘要翻译：使用自对准技术来生产小面积的结点，如小面积约瑟夫逊结。首先沉积具有对应于结的一个维度的厚度的基底层。然后从定位的源沉积绝缘材料，使得基底层本身从形成的绝缘体遮蔽其边缘。该方法用绝缘体涂覆基层，但留下该层的边缘没有绝缘。然后在该未涂覆的边缘上完成接合处。

8. 发明授权

US4851821A Disposable chemical container 失效
标题翻译：一次性化学容器
公开(公告)号：US4851821A
公开(公告)日：1989-07-25
申请号：US947913
申请日：1986-12-29
申请人： Richard E. Howard , Joseph P. Keene
发明人： Richard E. Howard , Joseph P. Keene
IPC分类号： B65D85/84
CPC分类号： B65D85/84
摘要： A disposable container for shipping a hazardous or ultra-high purity liquid material is disclosed, having a body of substantially vapor-impermeable organic polymer material, such as fluorinated linear high-density polyethylene, a bubbler tube extending from the top of the container having an open end near the bottom of the container, a liquid level detector, and an outlet tube on the top of the container having an open bottom end near the top of the container. A vapor-impermeable metal coating is provided on the outside of the container by vapor deposition or sputtering. A frangible seal is provided at the top of both the inlet tube and the outlet tube. A metal-coated polymer valve is provided on the bubbler, having vapor-impermeable seals isolating the metal exterior from the metal interior, and also having means for rupturing the frangible seal.
摘要翻译：公开了用于运输危险或超高纯度液体材料的一次性容器，其具有基本上不透气的有机聚合物材料的主体，例如氟化线性高密度聚乙烯，从容器顶部延伸的起泡器管，其具有在容器的底部附近的开口端，液位检测器和位于容器顶部的出口管，其具有靠近容器顶部的敞开的底端。通过气相沉积或溅射在容器的外部提供不透气的金属涂层。在入口管和出口管的顶部设置易碎的密封。在起泡器上提供金属涂覆的聚合物阀，其具有将金属外部与金属内部隔离的不透气的密封件，并且还具有用于破裂易碎密封件的装置。

9. 发明授权

US4575187A Optical fiber with embedded metal layer 失效
标题翻译：带嵌入金属层的光纤
公开(公告)号：US4575187A
公开(公告)日：1986-03-11
申请号：US461965
申请日：1983-01-28
申请人： Richard E. Howard , William Pleibel , Rogers H. Stolen
发明人： Richard E. Howard , William Pleibel , Rogers H. Stolen
IPC分类号： C03B37/018 , C03C15/00 , G02B6/10 , C03B
CPC分类号： C03C15/00 , C03B37/018 , G02B6/02042 , G02B6/105 , C03B2203/30 , C03B2203/34 , C03C2218/355
摘要： Selected portions of the interior surface of a substrate tube, or of the cladding or core layers deposited on the interior surface of the substrate tube, are treated by one or more process steps such as shaping, diffusing, leaching, or depositing. Patterning processes such as photolithography and lift-off are employed to define the selected portions. The resulting core and/or cladding layers of the fiber can be made to have a variety of geometric shapes and composition profiles useful, for example, in realizing birefringent fibers and multiple-core fibers. Also described is the similar treating of metal layers and the incorporation of such layers into the fiber.
摘要翻译：衬底管的内表面的选定部分或沉积在衬底管的内表面上的包层或芯层通过一个或多个工艺步骤如成形，扩散，浸出或沉积来处理。使用诸如光刻和剥离的图案化处理来限定所选择的部分。所得到的纤维的芯和/或包覆层可以制成具有各种几何形状和组成分布，例如可用于实现双折射纤维和多芯纤维。还描述了金属层的类似处理以及这些层结合到纤维中。

10. 发明授权

US4326911A Reactive ion etching of III-V compounds including InP, GaAs-InP and GaAlAs 失效
标题翻译：包括InP，GaAs-InP和GaAlAs的III-V化合物的反应离子蚀刻
公开(公告)号：US4326911A
公开(公告)日：1982-04-27
申请号：US212976
申请日：1980-12-04
申请人： Richard E. Howard , Evelyn L. Hu
发明人： Richard E. Howard , Evelyn L. Hu
IPC分类号： H01L21/306
CPC分类号： H01L21/30621 , Y10S148/105
摘要： The successful application of the reactive ion etching technique to the III-V compounds requires the use of the appropriate etch gas. We have found that a gas mixture comprised of either CCl.sub.2 F.sub.2 alone or in combination with one or more of the gasses: argon (Ar), oxygen (O.sub.2) and nitrogen (N.sub.2) will cleanly and effectively etch GaAs and InP and their ternary and quaternary alloys as well as AlGaAs and the oxides of GaAs. The effective ranges of relative flow rates of Ar, CCl.sub.2 F.sub.2 and oxygen are: Ar (0-83%), CCl.sub.2 F.sub.2 (8-100%), O.sub.2 (0-50%), and N.sub.2 (0-60%).
摘要翻译：将反应离子蚀刻技术成功应用于III-V族化合物需要使用合适的蚀刻气体。我们已经发现，单独或与一种或多种气体：氩（Ar），氧（O 2）和氮（N 2）组合的CCl 2 F 2的气体混合物将清洁地且有效地蚀刻GaAs和InP及其三元和四元合金以及AlGaAs和GaAs的氧化物。 Ar，CCl 2 F 2和氧的相对流速的有效范围为：Ar（0-83％），CCl 2 F 2（8-100％），O 2（0-50％）和N 2（0-60％）。

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