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1. 发明授权

US06895279B2 Method and apparatus to treat disorders of gastrointestinal peristalsis 有权
标题翻译：治疗胃肠道蠕动障碍的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06895279B2
公开(公告)日：2005-05-17
申请号：US09953425
申请日：2001-09-14
申请人： Gerald E. Loeb , Frances J. R. Richmond
发明人： Gerald E. Loeb , Frances J. R. Richmond
IPC分类号： A61N1/05 , A61N1/08 , A61N1/32 , A61N1/36 , A61N1/372 , A61N1/375
CPC分类号： A61N1/36007 , A61N1/37205 , A61N1/3756
摘要： Many patients suffer from diseases and surgical damage that result in failure of the stomach and intestinal tract to contract and relax normally in order to transfer contents distally. Electrical stimulation applied to one or more sites on the surface of the gastrointestinal viscera can treat this problem by triggering or altering muscle contractility. The present invention provides such stimulation by implanting leadless microstimulators in or on the walls of the viscera that can be programmed or controlled from a source outside the body.
摘要翻译：许多患者患有疾病和手术损伤，导致胃和肠道的失败，以便正常地收缩和松弛，以便远端转运内容物。对胃肠内脏表面上的一个或多个部位施加的电刺激可以通过触发或改变肌肉收缩力来治疗这个问题。本发明通过将无引导微刺激剂植入内脏的壁中或在内脏的壁上提供这种刺激，其可以从身体外部的源被编程或控制。

2. 发明授权

US06658301B2 Method and apparatus for conditioning muscles during sleep 有权
公开(公告)号：US06658301B2
公开(公告)日：2003-12-02
申请号：US09952950
申请日：2001-09-13
申请人： Gerald E. Loeb , Frances J. R. Richmond
发明人： Gerald E. Loeb , Frances J. R. Richmond
IPC分类号： A61N140
CPC分类号： A61N1/36003 , A61N1/36014 , A61N1/37205 , A61N1/37229 , A61N1/37252 , A61N1/3787 , A61N2/006 , A61N2/02
摘要： A method and apparatus for conditioning muscles during sleep. The apparatus includes microminiature electrical stimulators that are injected into the muscles to be exercised and a system of transmission coils located in or on the mattress of a bed. The transmission coils transmit power and command signals to the implanted electrical stimulators while the patient sleeps or rests. The implanted electrical stimulators can be programmed so as to produce the desired pattern of muscle exercise without producing cutaneous sensations that would disturb the patient.

3. 发明授权

US06181965B2 Implantable microstimulator system for prevention of disorders 有权
标题翻译：用于预防疾病的植入性微刺激系统
公开(公告)号：US06181965B2
公开(公告)日：2001-01-30
申请号：US09490920
申请日：2000-01-25
申请人： Gerald E. Loeb , Frances J. R. Richmond
发明人： Gerald E. Loeb , Frances J. R. Richmond
IPC分类号： A61N100
CPC分类号： A61N1/375 , A61N1/08 , A61N1/326 , A61N1/36003 , A61N1/3605 , A61N1/37205 , A61N1/37211 , A61N1/37235 , A61N1/3756
摘要： Improved implantable microstimulators are covered with a biocompatible polymeric coating in order to provide increased strength to the capsule and to capture fragments of the microstimulator should it become mechanically disrupted. Such coating also makes the microstimulator safer and easier to handle. The coating may include one or more diffusible chemical agents that are released in a controlled manner into the surrounding tissue. The chemical agents, such as trophic factors, antibiotics, hormones, neurotransmitters and other pharmaceutical substances, are selected to produce desired physiological effects, to aid, support or to supplement the effects of the electrical stimulation. Further, microstimulators in accordance with the invention provide systems that prevent and/or treat various disorders associated with prolonged inactivity, confinement or immobilization of one or more muscles. Such disorders include pressure ulcers, venous emboli, autonomic dysreflexia, sensorimotor spasticity and muscle atrophy. The microstimulator systems include external control for controlling the operation of the microstimulators. The control includes memory for programming preferred stimulation patterns for later activation by the patient or caregiver.
摘要翻译：改进的可植入微刺激剂被生物相容的聚合物涂层覆盖，以便为胶囊提供增强的强度，并且如果它被机械地破坏，则捕获微刺激剂的碎片。这种涂层还使微型刺激仪更安全，更易于处理。涂层可以包括以受控方式释放到周围组织中的一种或多种可扩散化学试剂。选择化学试剂，如营养因子，抗生素，激素，神经递质和其他药物，以产生所需的生理作用，以帮助，支持或补充电刺激的作用。此外，根据本发明的微刺激剂提供了预防和/或治疗与延长的不活动，限制或固定一种或多种肌肉相关的各种障碍的系统。这种疾病包括压力性溃疡，静脉栓塞，自主神经反射异常，感觉痉挛和肌肉萎缩。微型激励器系统包括用于控制微型激励器的操作的外部控制。控制器包括用于编程优选刺激模式的存储器，以供稍后由患者或看护者激活。

4. 发明授权

US06185455B2 Method of reducing the incidence of medical complications using implantable microstimulators 有权
标题翻译：使用可植入微刺激剂降低并发症发生率的方法
公开(公告)号：US06185455B2
公开(公告)日：2001-02-06
申请号：US09490919
申请日：2000-01-25
申请人： Gerald E. Loeb , Frances J. R. Richmond
发明人： Gerald E. Loeb , Frances J. R. Richmond
IPC分类号： A61N100
CPC分类号： A61N1/375 , A61N1/08 , A61N1/326 , A61N1/36003 , A61N1/3605 , A61N1/37205 , A61N1/37211 , A61N1/37235 , A61N1/3756
摘要： Improved implantable microstimulators are covered with a biocompatible polymeric coating in order to provide increased strength to the capsule and to capture fragments of the microstimulator should it become mechanically disrupted. Such coating also makes the microstimulator safer and easier to handle. The coating may include one or more diffusible chemical agents that are released in a controlled manner into the surrounding tissue. The chemical agents, such as trophic factors, antibiotics, hormones, neurotransmitters and other pharmaceutical substances, are selected to produce desired physiological effects, to aid, support or to supplement the effects of the electrical stimulation. Further, microstimulators in accordance with the invention provide systems that prevent and/or treat various disorders associated with prolonged inactivity, confinement or immobilization of one or more muscles. Such disorders include pressure ulcers, venous emboli, autonomic dysreflexia, sensorimotor spasticity and muscle atrophy. The microstimulator systems include external control for controlling the operation of the microstimulators. The control include memory for programming preferred stimulation patterns for later activation by the patient or caregiver.
摘要翻译：改进的可植入微刺激剂被生物相容的聚合物涂层覆盖，以便为胶囊提供增强的强度，并且如果它被机械地破坏，则捕获微刺激剂的碎片。这种涂层还使微型刺激仪更安全，更易于处理。涂层可以包括以受控方式释放到周围组织中的一种或多种可扩散化学试剂。选择化学试剂，如营养因子，抗生素，激素，神经递质和其他药物，以产生所需的生理作用，以帮助，支持或补充电刺激的作用。此外，根据本发明的微刺激剂提供了预防和/或治疗与延长的不活动，限制或固定一种或多种肌肉相关的各种障碍的系统。这种疾病包括压力性溃疡，静脉栓塞，自主神经反射异常，感觉痉挛和肌肉萎缩。微型激励器系统包括用于控制微型激励器的操作的外部控制。该控制器包括用于编程优选刺激模式的存储器，用于由患者或看护者稍后激活。

5. 发明授权

US06941171B2 Implantable stimulator methods for treatment of incontinence and pain 有权
标题翻译：用于治疗失禁和疼痛的植入式刺激器方法
公开(公告)号：US06941171B2
公开(公告)日：2005-09-06
申请号：US09931804
申请日：2001-08-16
申请人： Carla M. Mann , Todd K. Whitehurst , James P. McGivern , Gerald E. Loeb , Frances J. R. Richmond
发明人： Carla M. Mann , Todd K. Whitehurst , James P. McGivern , Gerald E. Loeb , Frances J. R. Richmond
IPC分类号： A61N1/00 , A61N1/34 , A61N1/36 , A61N1/372
CPC分类号： A61N1/36007 , A61N1/36017 , A61N1/36071 , A61N1/37205
摘要： A method and system for treatment of incontinence, urgency, frequency, and/or pelvic pain includes implantation of electrodes on a lead or the discharge portion of a catheter adjacent the perineal nerve(s) or tissue(s) to be stimulated. Stimulation pulses, either electrical or drug infusion pulses, are supplied by a stimulator implanted remotely, and through the lead or catheter, which is tunneled subcutaneously between the stimulator and stimulation site. For instance, the system and method reduce or eliminate the incidence of unintentional episodes of bladder emptying by stimulating nerve pathways that diminish involuntary bladder contractions, improve closure of the bladder outlet, and/or improve the long-term health of the urinary system by increasing bladder capacity and period between emptying. Moreover, the system and method allow a patient to be taught to receive one or more patterns of neural stimulation that can be prescribed by a physician and administered without continuous oversight by a clinical practitioner.
摘要翻译：用于治疗失禁，紧迫性，频率和/或骨盆疼痛的方法和系统包括将电极植入导联或导管的排出部分，邻近会阴神经或要刺激的组织。刺激脉冲（电或药物输注脉冲）由远程植入的刺激器和通过刺激器和刺激部位之间皮下隧道穿过的导联或导管提供。例如，该系统和方法通过刺激神经通路降低或消除膀胱排空的无意发作，从而减少无意识的膀胱收缩，改善膀胱出口的闭合，和/或通过增加泌尿系统的长期健康来改善膀胱容量和排空期间。此外，该系统和方法允许患者接受一种或多种神经刺激模式，其可由医师处方并由临床医师进行无持续监督。

6. 发明授权

US06175764B1 Implantable microstimulator system for producing repeatable patterns of electrical stimulation 有权
标题翻译：用于产生电刺激模式的可植入微刺激系统
公开(公告)号：US06175764B1
公开(公告)日：2001-01-16
申请号：US09490921
申请日：2000-01-25
申请人： Gerald E. Loeb , Frances J. R. Richmond
发明人： Gerald E. Loeb , Frances J. R. Richmond
IPC分类号： A61N100
CPC分类号： A61N1/375 , A61N1/08 , A61N1/326 , A61N1/36003 , A61N1/3605 , A61N1/37205 , A61N1/37211 , A61N1/37235 , A61N1/3756
摘要： Improved implantable microstimulators are covered with a biocompatible polymeric coating in order to provide increased strength to the capsule and to capture fragments of the microstimulator should it become mechanically disrupted. Such coating also makes the microstimulator safer and easier to handle. The coating may include one or more diffusible chemical agents that are released in a controlled manner into the surrounding tissue. The chemical agents, such as trophic factors, antibiotics, hormones, neurotransmitters and other pharmaceutical substances, are selected to produce desired physiological effects, to aid, support or to supplement the effects of the electrical stimulation. Further, microstimulators in accordance with the invention provide systems that prevent and/or treat various disorders associated with prolonged inactivity, confinement or immobilization of one or more muscles. Such disorders include pressure ulcers, venous emboli, autonomic dysreflexia, sensorimotor spasticity and muscle atrophy. The microstimulator systems include external control for controlling the operation of the microstimulators. The control include memory for programming preferred stimulation patterns for later activation by the patient or caregiver.
摘要翻译：改进的可植入微刺激剂被生物相容的聚合物涂层覆盖，以便为胶囊提供增强的强度，并且如果它被机械地破坏，则捕获微刺激剂的碎片。这种涂层还使微型刺激仪更安全，更易于处理。涂层可以包括以受控方式释放到周围组织中的一种或多种可扩散化学试剂。选择化学试剂，如营养因子，抗生素，激素，神经递质和其他药物，以产生所需的生理作用，以帮助，支持或补充电刺激的作用。此外，根据本发明的微刺激剂提供了预防和/或治疗与延长的不活动，限制或固定一种或多种肌肉相关的各种障碍的系统。这种疾病包括压力性溃疡，静脉栓塞，自主神经反射异常，感觉痉挛和肌肉萎缩。微型激励器系统包括用于控制微型激励器的操作的外部控制。该控制器包括用于编程优选刺激模式的存储器，用于由患者或看护者稍后激活。

7. 发明授权

US06937904B2 System and method for providing recovery from muscle denervation 有权
标题翻译：从肌肉去神经支配提供恢复的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US06937904B2
公开(公告)日：2005-08-30
申请号：US10022562
申请日：2001-12-12
申请人： Frances J. R. Richmond , Gerald E. Loeb , Tessa Gordon
发明人： Frances J. R. Richmond , Gerald E. Loeb , Tessa Gordon
IPC分类号： A61N1/36 , A61N1/10
CPC分类号： A61N1/36103 , A61N1/36146 , A61N1/37205
摘要： Recovery from peripheral nerve and nerve plexus injuries is usually slow and incomplete because the regenerating motor axons often head erroneously toward sensory receptors rather than muscle fibers and because the target muscles atrophy while waiting for the slow process of reinnervation. Research has suggested that electrical stimulation with different waveforms and temporal patterns at different times during the regeneration process might improve the clinical outcome through various mechanisms, but a practical means to deliver such stimulation has been lacking. This invention teaches the use of miniature electrical stimulators that can be implanted alongside the injured nerve(s) at the time of surgical repair and that can be powered and controlled by transmission of radiofrequency energy from outside the body so as to provide a variety of electrical stimuli at different times during the recovery process.
摘要翻译：从周围神经和神经丛损伤的恢复通常是缓慢和不完整的，因为再生运动轴突通常头错误地朝向感觉受体而不是肌肉纤维，并且因为目标肌肉萎缩同时等待缓慢的再狭窄过程。研究表明，再生过程中不同波形和不同时期的电刺激可能会通过各种机制改善临床结果，但是缺乏实现这种刺激的实用手段。本发明教导了使用微型电刺激器，其可以在手术修复时被植入在受伤的神经旁边，并且可以通过从身体外部传输射频能量来供电和控制，以便提供各种电气刺激在恢复过程中的不同时间。

8. 发明授权

US06345202B2 Method of treating obstructive sleep apnea using implantable electrodes 有权
标题翻译：使用可植入电极治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的方法
公开(公告)号：US06345202B2
公开(公告)日：2002-02-05
申请号：US09812447
申请日：2001-03-20
申请人： Frances J. R. Richmond , Gerald E. Loeb
发明人： Frances J. R. Richmond , Gerald E. Loeb
IPC分类号： A61N136
CPC分类号： A61N1/3601 , A61N1/37205 , A61N1/3727 , A61N1/37288
摘要： Electrodes are implanted at strategic locations within a patient and are then controlled in a manner so as to stimulate muscle and nerve tissue in a constructive manner which helps open blocked airways. In a preferred method, at least one microstimulator treats sleep apnea in an open loop fashion by providing electrical stimulation pulses in a rhythm or cycle having a period corresponding approximately to the natural respiratory rhythm of the patient. Such open loop stimulation entrains the patient's respiratory rate to follow the pattern set by the microstimulator so that stimulation is applied to open the airway during a period of inspiration by the patient.
摘要翻译：将电极植入患者内的战略位置，然后以一种有助于打开阻塞气道的建设性方式刺激肌肉和神经组织的方式进行控制。在优选的方法中，至少一个微刺激器通过以具有对应于患者的天然呼吸节律的周期的节律或循环中的电刺激脉冲来以开环方式治疗睡眠呼吸暂停。这种开环刺激使得患者的呼吸频率遵循由微刺激器设定的模式，使得在患者的吸气期间施加刺激以打开呼吸道。

9. 发明授权

US06240316B1 Implantable microstimulation system for treatment of sleep apnea 有权
标题翻译：用于治疗睡眠呼吸暂停的植入式微刺激系统
公开(公告)号：US06240316B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-29
申请号：US09370082
申请日：1999-08-06
申请人： Frances J. R. Richmond , Gerald E. Loeb
发明人： Frances J. R. Richmond , Gerald E. Loeb
IPC分类号： A61N136
CPC分类号： A61N1/3601 , A61N1/37205 , A61N1/3727 , A61N1/37288
摘要： One or more implantable microminiature electronic devices, termed “microstimulators”, are used to treat sleep apnea. The microstimulators are implanted at strategic locations within the patient and are then controlled in a manner so as to stimulate muscle and nerve tissue in a constructive manner which helps open blocked airways. In one embodiment, the microstimulators sense blockage of a patient's airway and provide electrical stimuli in a closed loop fashion to open the airway. In another embodiment, at least one microstimulator treats sleep apnea in an open loop fashion by providing electrical stimulation pulses in a rhythm or cycle having a period corresponding approximately to the natural respiratory rhythm of the patient. Such open loop stimulation entrains the patient's respiratory rate to follow the pattern set by the microstimulator so that stimulation is applied to open the airway during a period of inspiration by the patient. The microstimulator devices receive power and programming (control) signals by inductive or RF coupling from an external transmitter, either during actual use by the sleeping patient or during recharging periods in the awake patient.
摘要翻译：一种或多种可植入式微型电子装置，称为“微型刺激器”，用于治疗睡眠呼吸暂停。微型刺激器植入患者内的战略位置，然后以一种有助于打开阻塞气道的建设性方式刺激肌肉和神经组织的方式进行控制。在一个实施例中，微刺激器感测到患者气道的阻塞并以闭环方式提供电刺激以打开气道。在另一个实施例中，至少一个微刺激器通过以具有对应于患者的自然呼吸节律的周期的节律或循环中的电刺激脉冲来以开环方式治疗睡眠呼吸暂停。这种开环刺激使得患者的呼吸频率遵循由微刺激器设定的模式，使得在患者的吸气期间施加刺激以打开呼吸道。微型激励器装置通过来自外部发射器的感应或RF耦合来接收电力和编程（控制）信号，无论是在睡眠患者实际使用期间还是在唤醒患者中的充电期间。

10. 发明授权

US06214032B1 System for implanting a microstimulator 有权
标题翻译：用于植入微型激励器的系统
公开(公告)号：US06214032B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-10
申请号：US09490922
申请日：2000-01-25
申请人： Gerald E. Loeb , Frances J. R. Richmond
发明人： Gerald E. Loeb , Frances J. R. Richmond
IPC分类号： A61N100
CPC分类号： A61N1/375 , A61N1/08 , A61N1/326 , A61N1/36003 , A61N1/3605 , A61N1/37205 , A61N1/37211 , A61N1/37235 , A61N1/3756
摘要： Improved implantable microstimulators are covered with a biocompatible polymeric coating in order to provide increased strength to the capsule and to capture fragments of the microstimulator should it become mechanically disrupted. Such coating also makes the microstimulator safer and easier to handle. The coating may include one or more diffusible chemical agents that are released in a controlled manner into the surrounding tissue. The chemical agents, such as trophic factors, antibiotics, hormones, neurotransmitters and other pharmaceutical substances, are selected to produce desired physiological effects, to aid, support or to supplement the effects of the electrical stimulation. Further, microstimulators in accordance with the invention provide systems that prevent and/or treat various disorders associated with prolonged inactivity, confinement or immobilization of one or more muscles. Such disorders include pressure ulcers, venous emboli, autonomic dysreflexia, sensorimotor spasticity and muscle atrophy. The microstimulator systems include external control for controlling the operation of the microstimulators. The control includes memory for programming preferred stimulation patterns for later activation by the patient or caregiver.
摘要翻译：改进的可植入微刺激剂被生物相容的聚合物涂层覆盖，以便为胶囊提供增强的强度，并且如果它被机械地破坏，则捕获微刺激剂的碎片。这种涂层还使微型刺激仪更安全，更易于处理。涂层可以包括以受控方式释放到周围组织中的一种或多种可扩散化学试剂。选择化学试剂，如营养因子，抗生素，激素，神经递质和其他药物，以产生所需的生理作用，以帮助，支持或补充电刺激的作用。此外，根据本发明的微刺激剂提供了预防和/或治疗与延长的不活动，限制或固定一种或多种肌肉相关的各种障碍的系统。这种疾病包括压力性溃疡，静脉栓塞，自主神经反射异常，感觉痉挛和肌肉萎缩。微型激励器系统包括用于控制微型激励器的操作的外部控制。控制器包括用于编程优选刺激模式的存储器，以供稍后由患者或看护者激活。

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