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1. 发明授权

US07730058B2 Searching for information utilizing a probabilistic detector 失效
标题翻译：使用概率检测器搜索信息
公开(公告)号：US07730058B2
公开(公告)日：2010-06-01
申请号：US11243924
申请日：2005-10-05
申请人： Gaurav Sareen , Mark Steven Manasse , Martin Abadi , Michael A. Isard
发明人： Gaurav Sareen , Mark Steven Manasse , Martin Abadi , Michael A. Isard
IPC分类号： G06F7/00 , G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30687
摘要： A probabilistic detector is utilized to query a database. Utilization of a probabilistic detector provides assurance with 100 per cent probability that a search expression in the query is not in the database index. The probabilistic detector is implemented in the form of a Bloom filter. The probabilistic detector is created by hashing expressions in the database index and mapping the resulting hash values into the probabilistic detector. Upon receiving a query, expressions of the query are hashed. The probabilistic detector is queried using these hash values. If the results of querying the probabilistic detector indicate that searched for information may be in the database, the database is not queried. If the results of querying the probabilistic detector indicate that the information may be in the database, the database is queried for the information using the original query. This technique is advantageous in mitigating detrimental effects of denial of service attacks.
摘要翻译：利用概率检测器查询数据库。概率检测器的利用率提供了100％的可能性，即查询中的搜索表达式不在数据库索引中。概率检测器以Bloom滤波器的形式实现。概率检测器是通过在数据库索引中散列表达式并将生成的散列值映射到概率检测器中创建的。在接收到查询后，查询的表达式将被哈希。使用这些散列值查询概率检测器。如果查询概率检测器的结果表明搜索到的信息可能在数据库中，则不会查询数据库。如果查询概率检测器的结果表明信息可能在数据库中，则使用原始查询查询数据库中的信息。这种技术有利于减轻拒绝服务攻击的有害影响。

2. 发明授权

US07149801B2 Memory bound functions for spam deterrence and the like 有权
标题翻译：用于垃圾邮件威慑的内存绑定功能等
公开(公告)号：US07149801B2
公开(公告)日：2006-12-12
申请号：US10290879
申请日：2002-11-08
申请人： Michael Burrows , Martin Abadi , Mark Steven Manasse , Edward P. Wobber , Daniel Ron Simon
发明人： Michael Burrows , Martin Abadi , Mark Steven Manasse , Edward P. Wobber , Daniel Ron Simon
IPC分类号： G06F15/173 , H04K1/00
CPC分类号： H04L63/126 , H04L51/12
摘要： A resource may be abused if its users incur little or no cost. For example, e-mail abuse is rampant because sending an e-mail has negligible cost for the sender. Such abuse may be discouraged by introducing an artificial cost in the form of a moderately expensive computation. Thus, the sender of an e-mail might be required to pay by computing for a few seconds before the e-mail is accepted. Unfortunately, because of sharp disparities across computer systems, this approach may be ineffective against malicious users with high-end systems, prohibitively slow for legitimate users with low-end systems, or both. Starting from this observation, we identify moderately hard, memory bound functions that most recent computer systems will evaluate at about the same speed, and we explain how to use them for protecting against abuses.
摘要翻译：如果用户投入很少或没有成本，资源可能会被滥用。例如，电子邮件滥用是猖獗的，因为发送电子邮件对发件人的成本可以忽略不计。通过以中等昂贵的计算的形式引入人造成本，可能不鼓励这种滥用。因此，电子邮件的发件人可能需要在电子邮件被接受之前几秒计算才能付款。不幸的是，由于计算机系统之间的差异很大，对于具有高端系统的恶意用户来说，这种方法可能无效，对于具有低端系统的合法用户或者两者都是非常缓慢的。从这个观察开始，我们确定了最近的计算机系统以相同的速度评估的适度硬的记忆绑定功能，我们解释如何使用它们来防止滥用。

3. 发明申请

US20070078827A1 Searching for information utilizing a probabilistic detector 失效
标题翻译：使用概率检测器搜索信息
公开(公告)号：US20070078827A1
公开(公告)日：2007-04-05
申请号：US11243924
申请日：2005-10-05
申请人： Gaurav Sareen , Mark Manasse , Martin Abadi , Michael Isard
发明人： Gaurav Sareen , Mark Manasse , Martin Abadi , Michael Isard
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30687
摘要： A probabilistic detector is utilized to query a database. Utilization of a probabilistic detector provides assurance with 100 per cent probability that a search expression in the query is not in the database index. The probabilistic detector is implemented in the form of a Bloom filter. The probabilistic detector is created by hashing expressions in the database index and mapping the resulting hash values into the probabilistic detector. Upon receiving a query, expressions of the query are hashed. The probabilistic detector is queried using these hash values. If the results of querying the probabilistic detector indicate that searched for information may be in the database, the database is not queried. If the results of querying the probabilistic detector indicate that the information may be in the database, the database is queried for the information using the original query. This technique is advantageous in mitigating detrimental effects of denial of service attacks.
摘要翻译：利用概率检测器查询数据库。概率检测器的利用率提供了100％的可能性，即查询中的搜索表达式不在数据库索引中。概率检测器以Bloom滤波器的形式实现。概率检测器由数据库索引中的散列表达式创建，并将生成的散列值映射到概率检测器中。在接收到查询后，查询的表达式将被哈希。使用这些散列值查询概率检测器。如果查询概率检测器的结果表明搜索到的信息可能在数据库中，则不查询数据库。如果查询概率检测器的结果表明信息可能在数据库中，则使用原始查询查询数据库中的信息。这种技术有利于减轻拒绝服务攻击的有害影响。

4. 发明授权

US07908265B2 Transactional memory with dynamic separation 有权
标题翻译：具有动态分离的事务记忆
公开(公告)号：US07908265B2
公开(公告)日：2011-03-15
申请号：US12033715
申请日：2008-02-19
申请人： Martin Abadi , Andrew D. Birrell , Timothy L. Harris , Michael A. Isard , Johnson Hsieh
发明人： Martin Abadi , Andrew D. Birrell , Timothy L. Harris , Michael A. Isard , Johnson Hsieh
IPC分类号： G06F17/00
CPC分类号： G06F9/466 , G06F8/443
摘要： Strong semantics are provided to programs that are correctly synchronized in their use of transactions by using dynamic separation of objects that are accessed in transactions from those accessed outside transactions. At run-time, operations are performed to identify transitions between these protected and unprotected modes of access. Dynamic separation permits a range of hardware-based and software-based implementations which allow non-conflicting transactions to execute and commit in parallel. A run-time checking tool, analogous to a data-race detector, may be provided to test dynamic separation of transacted data and non-transacted data. Dynamic separation may be used in an asynchronous I/O library.
摘要翻译：通过使用在访问外部事务处理的事务中访问的对象的动态分离，为使用事务中正确同步的程序提供了强大的语义。在运行时，执行操作以识别这些受保护和不受保护的访问模式之间的转换。动态分离允许一系列基于硬件和基于软件的实现，允许非冲突事务并行执行和提交。可以提供类似于数据竞争检测器的运行时检查工具来测试事务数据和非事务数据的动态分离。动态分离可用于异步I / O库。

5. 发明申请

US20090210457A1 TRANSACTIONAL MEMORY WITH DYNAMIC SEPARATION 有权
公开(公告)号：US20090210457A1
公开(公告)日：2009-08-20
申请号：US12033715
申请日：2008-02-19
申请人： Martin Abadi , Andrew D. Birrell , Timothy L. Harris , Michael A. Isard , Johnson Hsieh
发明人： Martin Abadi , Andrew D. Birrell , Timothy L. Harris , Michael A. Isard , Johnson Hsieh
IPC分类号： G06F12/00
CPC分类号： G06F9/466 , G06F8/443
摘要： Strong semantics are provided to programs that are correctly synchronized in their use of transactions by using dynamic separation of objects that are accessed in transactions from those accessed outside transactions. At run-time, operations are performed to identify transitions between these protected and unprotected modes of access. Dynamic separation permits a range of hardware-based and software-based implementations which allow non-conflicting transactions to execute and commit in parallel. A run-time checking tool, analogous to a data-race detector, may be provided to test dynamic separation of transacted data and non-transacted data. Dynamic separation may be used in an asynchronous I/O library.

6. 发明申请

US20090204969A1 TRANSACTIONAL MEMORY WITH DYNAMIC SEPARATION 审中-公开
标题翻译：具有动态分离的交互式存储器
公开(公告)号：US20090204969A1
公开(公告)日：2009-08-13
申请号：US12029130
申请日：2008-02-11
申请人： Martin Abadi , Andrew D. Birrell , Timothy L. Harris , Michael A. Isard , Johnson Ta-Chung Hsieh
发明人： Martin Abadi , Andrew D. Birrell , Timothy L. Harris , Michael A. Isard , Johnson Ta-Chung Hsieh
IPC分类号： G06F9/46
CPC分类号： G06F9/466
摘要： Strong semantics are provided to programs that are correctly synchronized in their use of transactions by using dynamic separation of objects that are accessed in transactions from those accessed outside transactions. At run-time, operations are performed to identify transitions between these protected and unprotected modes of access. Dynamic separation permits a range of hardware-based and software-based implementations which allow non-conflicting transactions to execute and commit in parallel. A run-time checking tool, analogous to a data-race detector, may be provided to test dynamic separation of transacted data and non-transacted data. Dynamic separation may be used in an asynchronous I/O library.
摘要翻译：通过使用在访问外部事务处理的事务中访问的对象的动态分离，为使用事务中正确同步的程序提供了强大的语义。在运行时，执行操作以识别这些受保护和不受保护的访问模式之间的转换。动态分离允许一系列基于硬件和基于软件的实现，允许非冲突事务并行执行和提交。可以提供类似于数据竞争检测器的运行时检查工具来测试事务数据和非事务数据的动态分离。动态分离可用于异步I / O库。

7. 发明授权

US08745738B2 Vouching for user account using social networking relationship 有权
标题翻译：使用社交网络关系为用户帐户提供支持
公开(公告)号：US08745738B2
公开(公告)日：2014-06-03
申请号：US13350806
申请日：2012-01-15
申请人： Yinglian Xie , Fang Yu , Qifa Ke , Martin Abadi , Eliot C. Gillum , Krishna Vitaldevara , Jason D. Walter
发明人： Yinglian Xie , Fang Yu , Qifa Ke , Martin Abadi , Eliot C. Gillum , Krishna Vitaldevara , Jason D. Walter
IPC分类号： G06F12/14 , G06F15/16 , G06F13/00 , H04L29/06 , G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F21/316 , G06F21/33 , G06Q50/01
摘要： Trusted user accounts of an application provider are determined. Graphs, such as trees, are created with each node corresponding to a trusted account. Each of the nodes is associated with a vouching quota, or the nodes may share a vouching quota. Untrusted user accounts are determined. For each of these untrusted accounts, a trusted user account that has a social networking relationship is determined. If the node corresponding to the trusted user account has enough vouching quota to vouch for the untrusted user account, then the quota is debited, a node is added for the untrusted user account to the graph, and the untrusted user account is vouched for. If not, available vouching quota may be borrowed from other nodes in the graph.
摘要翻译：确定应用程序提供程序的可信用户帐户。使用与受信任帐户相对应的每个节点来创建诸如树之类的图形。每个节点都与一个备份配额相关联，或者节点可以共享一个备份配额。不信任的用户帐户被确定。对于每个这些不受信任的帐户，确定具有社交网络关系的可信用户帐户。如果与受信任用户帐户相对应的节点具有足够的备用配额来保证不受信任的用户帐户，则会将配额扣除，为图中不可信任的用户帐户添加一个节点，并为不受信任的用户帐户进行验证。如果不是，可以从图中的其他节点借用可用的支票配额。

8. 发明授权

US08266604B2 Transactional memory compatibility management 有权
标题翻译：事务性内存兼容性管理
公开(公告)号：US08266604B2
公开(公告)日：2012-09-11
申请号：US12359492
申请日：2009-01-26
申请人： Dana Groff , Yosseff Levanoni , Stephen Toub , Michael McKenzie Magruder , Weirong Zhu , Timothy Lawrence Harris , Christopher William Dern , John Joseph Duffy , David Detlefs , Martin Abadi , Sukhdeep Singh Sodhi , Lingli Zhang , Alexander Dadiomov , Vinod Grover
发明人： Dana Groff , Yosseff Levanoni , Stephen Toub , Michael McKenzie Magruder , Weirong Zhu , Timothy Lawrence Harris , Christopher William Dern , John Joseph Duffy , David Detlefs , Martin Abadi , Sukhdeep Singh Sodhi , Lingli Zhang , Alexander Dadiomov , Vinod Grover
IPC分类号： G06F12/00 , G06F9/44
CPC分类号： G06F8/44
摘要： Transactional memory compatibility type attributes are associated with intermediate language code to specify, for example, that intermediate language code must be run within a transaction, or must not be run within a transaction, or may be run within a transaction. Attributes are automatically produced while generating intermediate language code from annotated source code. Default rules also generate attributes. Tools use attributes to statically or dynamically check for incompatibility between intermediate language code and a transactional memory implementation.
摘要翻译：事务性内存兼容性类型属性与中间语言代码相关联，以指定例如中间语言代码必须在事务中运行，或者不能在事务中运行，或者可以在事务中运行。自动生成属性，同时从注释的源代码生成中间语言代码。默认规则也生成属性。工具使用属性来静态或动态地检查中间语言代码和事务内存实现之间的不兼容性。

9. 发明授权

US08185613B2 Host accountability using unreliable identifiers 有权
标题翻译：使用不可靠的标识符托管问责制
公开(公告)号：US08185613B2
公开(公告)日：2012-05-22
申请号：US12479882
申请日：2009-06-08
申请人： Yinglian Xie , Fang Yu , Martin Abadi
发明人： Yinglian Xie , Fang Yu , Martin Abadi
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： H04L63/1408 , H04L2463/144
摘要： An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a directly observable identifier of host network traffic in the Internet and a host's IP address can dynamically change. Analysis of traffic (e.g., network activity or application request) logs may be performed and a host tracking graph may be generated that shows hosts and their bindings to IP addresses over time. A host tracking graph may be used to determine host accountability. To generate a host tracking graph, a host is represented. Host representations may be application-dependent. In an implementation, application-level identifiers (IDs) such as user email IDs, messenger login IDs, social network IDs, or cookies may be used. Each identifier may be associated with a human user. These unreliable IDs can be used to track the activity of the corresponding hosts.
摘要翻译： IP（互联网协议）地址是互联网中主机网络流量的直接可观察标识符，主机的IP地址可以动态更改。可以执行流量分析（例如，网络活动或应用请求）日志，并且可以生成显示主机及其与IP地址的绑定的主机跟踪图。可以使用主机跟踪图来确定主机责任。要生成主机跟踪图，表示主机。主机表示可能取决于应用程序。在实现中，可以使用诸如用户电子邮件ID，信使登录ID，社交网络ID或cookie的应用级标识符（ID）。每个标识符可以与人类用户相关联。这些不可靠的ID可用于跟踪相应主机的活动。

10. 发明授权

US08180986B2 Memory conflict detection via mapping of the physical heap to control access permissions to the memory 有权
标题翻译：通过物理堆映射来检测内存冲突，以控制对内存的访问权限
公开(公告)号：US08180986B2
公开(公告)日：2012-05-15
申请号：US12212025
申请日：2008-09-17
申请人： Timothy Harris , Martin Abadi
发明人： Timothy Harris , Martin Abadi
IPC分类号： G06F12/00
CPC分类号： G06F12/145 , G06F9/528
摘要： A transactional memory system is described for reporting memory access violations which occur when memory accesses made from instructions within a transaction conflict with memory accesses to the same memory location made from a non-transactional instruction. In an embodiment this is achieved by creating two mappings of a physical heap being used by a thread. The thread (which may be part of a multi-threaded process) comprises instructions for both transactional and non-transactional accesses to the physical heap which may execute concurrently as part of that thread. One of the mappings is used for non-transactional memory accesses to the physical heap. The other mapping is used for transactional memory accesses to the physical heap. Access permissions associated with the mappings are controlled to enable attempted memory access violations to be detected and reported.
摘要翻译：描述了一种事务性存储器系统，用于报告存储器访问冲突的发生，当由事务内的指令进行的存储器访问与从非事务性指令进行的存储器访问的存储器访问冲突时发生。在一个实施例中，这是通过创建由线程使用的物理堆的两个映射来实现的。线程（可以是多线程进程的一部分）包括用于对物理堆的事务和非事务性访问的指令，该物理堆可以作为该线程的一部分同时执行。其中一个映射用于对物理堆的非事务内存访问。另一个映射用于对物理堆的事务内存访问。控制与映射关联的访问权限，以便检测和报告尝试的内存访问冲突。

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