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1. 发明授权

US07788464B2 Scalability of virtual TLBs for multi-processor virtual machines 有权
标题翻译：用于多处理器虚拟机的虚拟TLB的可扩展性
公开(公告)号：US07788464B2
公开(公告)日：2010-08-31
申请号：US11644502
申请日：2006-12-22
申请人： John Te-Jui Sheu , Ernest S. Cohen , Matthew D. Hendel , Landy Wang , Rene Antonio Vega , Sharvil A. Nanavati
发明人： John Te-Jui Sheu , Ernest S. Cohen , Matthew D. Hendel , Landy Wang , Rene Antonio Vega , Sharvil A. Nanavati
IPC分类号： G06F12/10
CPC分类号： G06F12/1027
摘要： Various operations are provided that improve the scalability of virtual TLBs in multi-processor virtual machines, and they include: implicitly locking SPTs using per-processor generation counters; waiting for pending fills on other virtual processors to complete before servicing a GVA invalidation using the counters; write-protecting or unmaping guest pages in a deferred two-stage process or reclaiming SPTs in a deferred two-stage process; periodically coalescing two SPTs that shadow the same GPT with the same attributes; sharing SPTs between two SASes only at a specified level in a SPTT; flushing the entire virtual TLB using a generation counter; allocating a SPT to GPT from a NUMA node on which the GPT resides; having an instance for each NUMA node on which a virtual machine runs; and, correctly handling the serializing instructions executed by a guest in a virtual machine with more than one virtual processor sharing the virtual TLB.
摘要翻译：提供了提高多处理器虚拟机中虚拟TLB可扩展性的各种操作，包括：使用每处理器生成计数器隐式锁定SPT; 在使用计数器服务GVA无效之前等待其他虚拟处理器上的待处理填充; 在延迟的两阶段过程中写入保护或取消映射访客页面或在延迟的两阶段过程中回收SPT; 定期合并两个具有相同属性的相同GPT的SPT; 在SPTT之间仅在指定级别共享两个SAS之间的SPT; 使用生成计数器刷新整个虚拟TLB; 从GPT所在的NUMA节点向GPT分配SPT; 具有运行虚拟机的每个NUMA节点的实例; 并且正确地处理由具有多个共享虚拟TLB的虚拟处理器的虚拟机中的来宾执行的序列化指令。

2. 发明授权

US08694712B2 Reduction of operational costs of virtual TLBs 有权
标题翻译：降低虚拟TLB的运营成本
公开(公告)号：US08694712B2
公开(公告)日：2014-04-08
申请号：US11634538
申请日：2006-12-05
申请人： John Te-Jui Sheu , Matthew D. Hendel , Landy Wang , Ernest S. Cohen , Rene Antonio Vega , Sharvil A. Nanavati
发明人： John Te-Jui Sheu , Matthew D. Hendel , Landy Wang , Ernest S. Cohen , Rene Antonio Vega , Sharvil A. Nanavati
IPC分类号： G06F12/00 , G06F9/455
CPC分类号： G06F12/1036
摘要： Various operations are disclosed for improving the operational efficiency of a virtual translation look-aside buffer (TLB) in a virtual machine environment. For example, operations are disclosed that allow for determination of whether present entries in shadow page tables (SPTs) are stale by comparing shadowed guest page table (GPT) entries against snapshots taken when the entries were cached. Other operations are disclosed that allow a virtual machine monitor (VMM) to access shadow page table trees (SPTTs) by walking trees in software or in hardware. Still other operations are disclosed allowing the VMM to use a hash table to relate GVA ranges to SPTs that map them, thus significantly reducing the cost of having to walk each SPTT in order to invalidate desired GVA(s). And, finally, operations are disclosed allowing the VMM to determine global GVA ranges by checking a bitmap, when invalidating global GVAs.
摘要翻译：公开了用于提高虚拟机环境中的虚拟翻译后备缓冲器（TLB）的操作效率的各种操作。例如，披露了允许通过比较阴影的访客页表（GPT）条目与条目被缓存时拍摄的快照来确定影子页表（SPT）中的现有条目是否过时的操作。公开了允许虚拟机监视器（VMM）通过软件或硬件中的步行树来访问影子页表树（SPTT）的其他操作。还公开了其他操作，允许VMM使用散列表将GVA范围与映射它们的SPT相关联，从而显着降低了必须走每个SPTT以使所需GVA无效的成本。最后，公开了操作，允许VMM通过在使全局GVAs无效时检查位图来确定全局GVA范围。

3. 发明申请

US20080155168A1 Scalability of virtual TLBs for multi-processor virtual machines 有权
标题翻译：用于多处理器虚拟机的虚拟TLB的可扩展性
公开(公告)号：US20080155168A1
公开(公告)日：2008-06-26
申请号：US11644502
申请日：2006-12-22
申请人： John Te-Jui Sheu , Ernest S. Cohen , Matthew D. Hendel , Landy Wang , Rene Antonio Vega , Sharvil A. Nanavati
发明人： John Te-Jui Sheu , Ernest S. Cohen , Matthew D. Hendel , Landy Wang , Rene Antonio Vega , Sharvil A. Nanavati
IPC分类号： G06F12/10
CPC分类号： G06F12/1027
摘要： Various operations are provided that improve the scalability of virtual TLBs in multi-processor virtual machines, and they include: implicitly locking SPTs using per-processor generation counters; waiting for pending fills on other virtual processors to complete before servicing a GVA invalidation using the counters; write-protecting or unmaping guest pages in a deferred two-stage process or reclaiming SPTs in a deferred two-stage process; periodically coalescing two SPTs that shadow the same GPT with the same attributes; sharing SPTs between two SASes only at a specified level in a SPTT; flushing the entire virtual TLB using a generation counter; allocating a SPT to GPT from a NUMA node on which the GPT resides; having an instance for each NUMA node on which a virtual machine runs; and, correctly handling the serializing instructions executed by a guest in a virtual machine with more than one virtual processor sharing the virtual TLB.
摘要翻译：提供了提高多处理器虚拟机中虚拟TLB可扩展性的各种操作，包括：使用每处理器生成计数器隐式锁定SPT; 在使用计数器服务GVA无效之前等待其他虚拟处理器上的待处理填充; 在延迟的两阶段过程中写入保护或取消映射访客页面或在延迟的两阶段过程中回收SPT; 定期合并两个具有相同属性的相同GPT的SPT; 在SPTT之间仅在指定级别共享两个SAS之间的SPT; 使用生成计数器刷新整个虚拟TLB; 从GPT所在的NUMA节点向GPT分配SPT; 具有运行虚拟机的每个NUMA节点的实例; 并且正确地处理由具有多个共享虚拟TLB的虚拟处理器的虚拟机中的来宾执行的序列化指令。

4. 发明授权

US08615643B2 Operational efficiency of virtual TLBs 有权
公开(公告)号：US08615643B2
公开(公告)日：2013-12-24
申请号：US11634782
申请日：2006-12-05
申请人： Ernest S. Cohen , John Te-Jui Sheu , Landy Wang , Matthew D. Hendel , Rene Antonio Vega , Sharvil A. Nanavati
发明人： Ernest S. Cohen , John Te-Jui Sheu , Landy Wang , Matthew D. Hendel , Rene Antonio Vega , Sharvil A. Nanavati
IPC分类号： G06F12/00
CPC分类号： G06F12/1027 , G06F9/45558 , G06F2009/45583 , G06F2212/651 , G06F2212/654
摘要： Various mechanisms are disclosed for improving the operational efficiency of a virtual translation look-aside buffer (TLB) in a virtual machine environment. For example, one mechanism fills in entries in a shadow page table (SPT) and additionally, speculatively fills in other entries in the SPT based on various heuristics. Another mechanism allows virtual TLBs (translation look-aside buffers) to cache partial walks in a guest page table tree. Still another mechanism allows for dynamic resizing of the virtual TLB to optimize for run-time characteristics of active workloads. Still another mechanism allows virtual machine monitors (VMMs) to support legacy and enlightened modes of virtual TLB operation. Finally, another mechanism allows the VMM to remove only the stale entries in SPTs when linking or switching address spaces. All these mechanisms, together or in part, increase the operational efficiency of the virtual TLB.

5. 发明申请

US20080134174A1 Reduction of operational costs of virtual TLBs 有权
标题翻译：降低虚拟TLB的运营成本
公开(公告)号：US20080134174A1
公开(公告)日：2008-06-05
申请号：US11634538
申请日：2006-12-05
申请人： John Te-Jui Sheu , Matthew D. Hendel , Landy Wang , Ernest S. Cohen , Rene Antonio Vega , Sharvil A. Nanavati
发明人： John Te-Jui Sheu , Matthew D. Hendel , Landy Wang , Ernest S. Cohen , Rene Antonio Vega , Sharvil A. Nanavati
IPC分类号： G06F12/10 , G06F9/46
CPC分类号： G06F12/1036
摘要： Various operations are disclosed for improving the operational efficiency of a virtual translation look-aside buffer (TLB) in a virtual machine environment. For example, operations are disclosed that allow for determination of whether present entries in shadow page tables (SPTs) are stale by comparing shadowed guest page table (GPT) entries against snapshots taken when the entries were cached. Other operations are disclosed that allow a virtual machine monitor (VMM) to access shadow page table trees (SPTTs) by walking trees in software or in hardware. Still other operations are disclosed allowing the VMM to use a hash table to relate GVA ranges to SPTs that map them, thus significantly reducing the cost of having to walk each SPTT in order to invalidate desired GVA(s). And, finally, operations are disclosed allowing the VMM to determine global GVA ranges by checking a bitmap, when invalidating global GVAs.
摘要翻译：公开了用于提高虚拟机环境中的虚拟翻译后备缓冲器（TLB）的操作效率的各种操作。例如，披露了允许通过比较阴影的访客页表（GPT）条目与条目被缓存时拍摄的快照来确定影子页表（SPT）中的现有条目是否过时的操作。公开了允许虚拟机监视器（VMM）通过软件或硬件中的步行树来访问影子页表树（SPTT）的其他操作。还公开了其他操作，允许VMM使用散列表将GVA范围与映射它们的SPT相关联，从而显着降低了必须走每个SPTT以使所需GVA无效的成本。最后，公开了操作，允许VMM通过在使全局GVAs无效时检查位图来确定全局GVA范围。

6. 发明申请

US20080133875A1 Operational efficiency of virtual TLBs 有权
标题翻译：虚拟TLB的运行效率
公开(公告)号：US20080133875A1
公开(公告)日：2008-06-05
申请号：US11634782
申请日：2006-12-05
申请人： Ernest S. Cohen , John Te-Jui Sheu , Landy Wang , Matthew D. Hendel , Rene Antonio Vega , Sharvil A. Nanavati
发明人： Ernest S. Cohen , John Te-Jui Sheu , Landy Wang , Matthew D. Hendel , Rene Antonio Vega , Sharvil A. Nanavati
IPC分类号： G06F9/34
CPC分类号： G06F12/1027 , G06F9/45558 , G06F2009/45583 , G06F2212/651 , G06F2212/654
摘要： Various mechanisms are disclosed for improving the operational efficiency of a virtual translation look-aside buffer (TLB) in a virtual machine environment. For example, one mechanism fills in entries in a shadow page table (SPT) and additionally, speculatively fills in other entries in the SPT based on various heuristics. Another mechanism allows virtual TLBs (translation look-aside buffers) to cache partial walks in a guest page table tree. Still another mechanism allows for dynamic resizing of the virtual TLB to optimize for run-time characteristics of active workloads. Still another mechanism allows virtual machine monitors (VMMs) to support legacy and enlightened modes of virtual TLB operation. Finally, another mechanism allows the VMM to remove only the stale entries in SPTs when linking or switching address spaces. All these mechanisms, together or in part, increase the operational efficiency of the virtual TLB.
摘要翻译：公开了用于提高虚拟机环境中的虚拟翻译后备缓冲器（TLB）的操作效率的各种机制。例如，一个机制填充影子页表（SPT）中的条目，另外，基于各种启发式，推测性地填写SPT中的其他条目。另一种机制允许虚拟TLB（转换后备缓冲区）在访客页表树中缓存部分散步。另一种机制允许虚拟TLB的动态调整大小以优化活动工作负载的运行时特性。另一种机制允许虚拟机监视器（VMM）支持传统和开明的虚拟TLB操作模式。最后，另一种机制允许VMM在链接或切换地址空间时删除SPT中的陈旧条目。所有这些机制，共同或部分地提高了虚拟TLB的运营效率。

7. 发明授权

US06728907B1 System and method for self-diagnosing system crashes 有权
公开(公告)号：US06728907B1
公开(公告)日：2004-04-27
申请号：US09549940
申请日：2000-04-14
申请人： Landy Wang , Matthew D. Hendel
发明人： Landy Wang , Matthew D. Hendel
IPC分类号： G06F1100
CPC分类号： G06F11/0778 , G06F11/073 , G06F11/0769 , G06F11/0787 , G06F11/079
摘要： A system and method for self-diagnosing a likely cause of a system crash is disclosed. A mechanism within an operating system checks for the existence of a stop code at startup of the machine. The existence of the stop code indicates that the system crashed during the previous session, and the type of system crash. The mechanism may read the stop code and implement a self-diagnostic procedure that corresponds to that stop code. In this manner, the mechanism may automate many of the tasks normally performed by humans, such as a system administrator, to self-diagnose the likely cause of the crash. If the crash occurs again, the mechanism, through the tracking procedures automatically implemented, may identify and report to a system administrator the likely cause of the crash, e.g. the particular faulty driver or configuration error.

8. 发明授权

US07127642B2 System and method for self-diagnosing system crashes 有权
标题翻译：自诊断系统崩溃的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07127642B2
公开(公告)日：2006-10-24
申请号：US10808877
申请日：2004-03-23
申请人： Landy Wang , Matthew D. Hendel
发明人： Landy Wang , Matthew D. Hendel
IPC分类号： G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/0778 , G06F11/073 , G06F11/0769 , G06F11/0787 , G06F11/079
摘要： A system and method for self-diagnosing a likely cause of a system crash is disclosed. A mechanism within an operating system checks for the existence of a stop code at startup of the machine. The existence of the stop code indicates that the system crashed during the previous session, and the type of system crash. The mechanism may read the stop code and implement a self-diagnostic procedure that corresponds to that stop code. In this manner, the mechanism may automate many of the tasks normally performed by humans, such as a system administrator, to self-diagnose the likely cause of the crash. If the crash occurs again, the mechanism, through the tracking procedures automatically implemented, may identify and report to a system administrator the likely cause of the crash, e.g. the particular faulty driver or configuration error.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于自诊断系统崩溃的可能原因的系统和方法。操作系统中的机制检查机器启动时是否存在停止代码。停止代码的存在表明系统在上次会话期间崩溃，系统崩溃。该机制可以读取停止代码并实现与该停止代码相对应的自诊断过程。以这种方式，该机制可以使诸如系统管理员的人们通常执行的许多任务自动化，以自我诊断崩溃的可能原因。如果再次发生崩溃，通过跟踪程序自动实施的机制可能会识别并向系统管理员报告可能的崩溃原因，例如，特定的错误驱动程序或配置错误。

9. 发明授权

US07398430B2 System and method for self-diagnosing system crashes 有权
标题翻译：自诊断系统崩溃的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07398430B2
公开(公告)日：2008-07-08
申请号：US11549073
申请日：2006-10-12
申请人： Landy Wang , Matthew D. Hendel
发明人： Landy Wang , Matthew D. Hendel
IPC分类号： G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/0778 , G06F11/073 , G06F11/0769 , G06F11/0787 , G06F11/079
摘要： A system and method for self-diagnosing a likely cause of a system crash is disclosed. A mechanism within an operating system checks for the existence of a stop code at startup of the machine. The existence of the stop code indicates that the system crashed during the previous session, and the type of system crash. The mechanism may read the stop code and implement a self-diagnostic procedure that corresponds to that stop code. In this manner, the mechanism may automate many of the tasks normally performed by humans, such as a system administrator, to self-diagnose the likely cause of the crash. If the crash occurs again, the mechanism, through the tracking procedures automatically implemented, may identify and report to a system administrator the likely cause of the crash, e.g. the particular faulty driver or configuration error.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于自诊断系统崩溃的可能原因的系统和方法。操作系统中的机制检查机器启动时是否存在停止代码。停止代码的存在表明系统在上次会话期间崩溃，系统崩溃。该机制可以读取停止代码并实现与该停止代码相对应的自诊断过程。以这种方式，该机制可以使诸如系统管理员的人们通常执行的许多任务自动化，以自我诊断崩溃的可能原因。如果再次发生崩溃，通过跟踪程序自动实施的机制可能会识别并向系统管理员报告可能的崩溃原因，例如，特定的错误驱动程序或配置错误。

10. 发明申请

US20110145552A1 Handling Operating System (OS) Transitions In An Unbounded Transactional Memory (UTM) Mode 有权
标题翻译：在无界事务内存（UTM）模式下处理操作系统（OS）转换
公开(公告)号：US20110145552A1
公开(公告)日：2011-06-16
申请号：US12638064
申请日：2009-12-15
申请人： Koichi Yamada , Gad Sheaffer , Jan Gray , Landy Wang , Martin Taillefer , Arun Kishan , Ali-Reza Adl-Tabatabai , David Callahan
发明人： Koichi Yamada , Gad Sheaffer , Jan Gray , Landy Wang , Martin Taillefer , Arun Kishan , Ali-Reza Adl-Tabatabai , David Callahan
IPC分类号： G06F9/312
CPC分类号： G06F9/3834 , G06F9/30076 , G06F9/3836 , G06F9/3851 , G06F9/3857 , G06F9/3861 , G06F9/461 , G06F9/467 , G06F9/4812 , G06F2209/481
摘要： In one embodiment, the present invention includes a method for receiving control in a kernel mode via a ring transition from a user thread during execution of an unbounded transactional memory (UTM) transaction, updating a state of a transaction status register (TSR) associated with the user thread and storing the TSR with a context of the user thread, and later restoring the context during a transition from the kernel mode to the user thread. In this way, the UTM transaction may continue on resumption of the user thread. Other embodiments are described and claimed.
摘要翻译：在一个实施例中，本发明包括一种用于在执行无界事务存储器（UTM）事务期间经由用户线程的环转移以内核模式接收控制的方法，更新与相关联的事务状态寄存器（TSR）相关联的事务状态寄存器（TSR）的状态用户线程和用户线程的上下文存储TSR，然后在从内核模式到用户线程的转换期间恢复上下文。以这种方式，UTM事务可以继续恢复用户线程。描述和要求保护其他实施例。

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