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    • 4. 发明授权
    • System for minimizing memory bank conflicts in a computer system
    • 用于最小化计算机系统中的存储器组冲突的系统
    • US06622225B1
    • 2003-09-16
    • US09652325
    • 2000-08-31
    • Richard E. KesslerMichael S. BertoneMichael C. BraganzaGregg A. BouchardMaurice B. Steinman
    • Richard E. KesslerMichael S. BertoneMichael C. BraganzaGregg A. BouchardMaurice B. Steinman
    • G06F1200
    • G06F13/1642
    • A computer system includes a memory controller interfacing the processor to a memory system. The memory controller supports a memory system with a plurality of memory devices, with multiple memory banks in each memory device. The memory controller supports simultaneous memory accesses to different memory banks. Memory bank conflicts are avoided by examining each transaction before it is loaded in the memory transaction queue. On a first clock cycle, the new pending memory request is transferred from a pending request queue to a memory mapper. On the subsequent clock cycle, the memory mapper formats the pending memory request into separate signals identifying the DEVICE, BANK, ROW and COLUMN to be accessed by the pending transaction. In the next clock cycle, the DEVICE and BANK signals are compared with every entry in the memory transaction queue to determine if a bank conflict exists. If so, the new memory request is rejected and recycled to the pending request queue.
    • 计算机系统包括将处理器与存储器系统接口的存储器控​​制器。 存储器控制器支持具有多个存储器设备的存储器系统,每个存储器设备中具有多个存储体。 存储器控制器支持对不同存储体的同时存储器访问。 通过在每个事务加载到内存事务队列中之前检查每个事务来避免存储器组冲突。 在第一个时钟周期中,新的挂起的存储器请求从挂起的请求队列传送到存储器映射器。 在随后的时钟周期中,存储器映射器将待处理的存储器请求格式化成单独的信号,标识要由待处理事务访问的DEVICE,BANK,ROW和COLUMN。 在下一个时钟周期中,将DEVICE和BANK信号与存储器事务队列中的每个条目进行比较,以确定是否存在存储库冲突。 如果是这样,新的内存请求被拒绝并被回收到挂起的请求队列。
    • 5. 发明授权
    • Proprammable DRAM address mapping mechanism
    • 可预测的DRAM地址映射机制
    • US06546453B1
    • 2003-04-08
    • US09653093
    • 2000-08-31
    • Richard E. KesslerMaurice B. SteinmanPeter J. BannonMichael C. BraganzaGregg A. Bouchard
    • Richard E. KesslerMaurice B. SteinmanPeter J. BannonMichael C. BraganzaGregg A. Bouchard
    • G06F1200
    • G06F12/0882G06F12/0215G06F12/0607
    • A computer system contains a processor that includes a software programmable memory mapper. The memory mapper maps an address generated by the processor into a device address for accessing physical main memory. The processor also includes a cache controller that maps the processor address into a cache address. The cache address places a block of data from main memory into a memory cache using an index subfield. The physical main memory contains RDRAM devices, each of the RDRAM devices containing a number of memory banks that store rows and columns of data. The memory mapper maps processor addresses to device addresses to increases memory system performance. The mapping minimizes memory access conflicts between the memory banks. Conflicts between memory banks are reduced by placing a number of bits corresponding to the bank subfield above the most significant boundary bit of the index subfield. This diminishes page misses caused by replacement of data blocks from the cache memory because the read of the new data block and write of the victim data block are not to the same memory bank. Adjacent memory bank conflicts are reduced for sequential accesses to memory banks by reversing the bit order of a bank number subfield within the bank subfield of the device address.
    • 计算机系统包含包括软件可编程存储器映射器的处理器。 存储器映射器将由处理器生成的地址映射到用于访问物理主存储器的设备地址。 处理器还包括将处理器地址映射到高速缓存地址的高速缓存控制器。 高速缓存地址使用索引子字段将主存储器的数据块放入存储器高速缓存。 物理主存储器包含RDRAM设备,每个RDRAM设备包含存储行和数据列的多个存储器组。 内存映射器将处理器地址映射到设备地址,以提高内存系统性能。 该映射最小化了存储体之间的存储器访问冲突。 通过将对应于银行子字段的多个位放置在索引子字段的最高有效边界位之上来减少存储体之间的冲突。 由于新数据块的读取和受害者数据块的写入不是同一个存储体,这会减少由高速缓冲存储器替换数据块所造成的页面错误。 通过反转设备地址的银行子字段内的库号子字段的位顺序,减少了对存储体的顺序访问的相邻存储体冲突。
    • 6. 发明授权
    • System and method for a self-calibrating sense-amplifier strobe
    • 用于自校准读出放大器选通的系统和方法
    • US06714464B2
    • 2004-03-30
    • US10180478
    • 2002-06-26
    • Ajay BhatiaMichael C. BraganzaShannon V. MortonShashank Shastry
    • Ajay BhatiaMichael C. BraganzaShannon V. MortonShashank Shastry
    • G11C700
    • G11C7/222G11C7/06G11C7/22G11C2207/065G11C2207/2254
    • A system and method for self-calibration of the strobe timing of the sense-amplifiers of a RAM array. In one method example, the timing of two sense amplifiers used to read the bit-lines of the RAM array is controlled by a Delay Locked Loop circuit (DLL). The timing of a first sense-amplifier strobe is reduced until the sense amplifier fails. The second sense amplifier has adequate timing margin however and is used to actually read the RAM bit-lines. Once the RAM read fails with the first sense amplifier, the DLL lengthens the strobe timing. Once the minimum threshold is set, the second sense amplifier will always read the correct data because of a built-in timing margin between the first and second amplifier. Thus the system constantly optimizes the RAM array read timing with each read cycle even though the minimal time varies.
    • 用于RAM阵列的读出放大器的选通定时的自校准的系统和方法。 在一个方法示例中,用于读取RAM阵列的位线的两个读出放大器的定时由延迟锁定环电路(DLL)控制。 第一感测放大器选通脉冲的定时降低,直到读出放大器发生故障。 然而,第二感测放大器具有足够的定时裕度,并用于实际读取RAM位线。 一旦RAM读取失败,第一个读出放大器,DLL会延长选通时序。 一旦设置了最小阈值,由于第一和第二放大器之间的内置定时裕度,第二读出放大器将始终读取正确的数据。 因此,即使最小时间变化,系统也会随着每个读取周期不断优化RAM阵列读取定时。