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    • 11. 发明授权
    • Method and apparatus for detecting leaks in hollow fiber membrane modules
    • 用于检测中空纤维膜组件泄漏的方法和装置
    • US4188117A
    • 1980-02-12
    • US900582
    • 1978-04-27
    • Kazuhisa YamauchiTaku TanakaSyuji Kawai
    • Kazuhisa YamauchiTaku TanakaSyuji Kawai
    • G01N21/41B01D63/02B01D65/10G01M3/38G01N21/45G01N21/16
    • B01D65/104G01M3/38G01N21/45A61M2205/705
    • Leaks from a hollow fiber membrane module comprising a housing having one or more hollow fiber bundles positioned therein with at least one end of each bundle being sealed by a cementing layer includes the step of applying a pressurized gas to the external surfaces of the hollow fibers. The gas which is used must have a refractive index different from the refractive index of the ambient atmosphere. The atmospheric volume adjacent the sealed end of the module is optically monitored for refraction patterns caused by gas leaking through the sealed end into the volume. The optical system includes a light source and components for directing light from the source along an optical path including the monitored volume. Light which is passed through the monitored volume is directed to an optical display where the refraction patterns of the leaking gas will be visible. The method and apparatus permit leaks to be located without the use of liquids.
    • 一种中空纤维膜组件的泄漏包括具有一个或多个中空纤维束的壳体,所述中空纤维束定位在其中,每个束的至少一端由固结层密封,包括将加压气体施加到中空纤维的外表面的步骤。 使用的气体必须具有与环境大气的折射率不同的折射率。 对模块密封端附近的大气体积进行光学监测,以便由通过密封端泄漏到体积中的气体引起的折射图案。 光学系统包括光源和用于沿着包括监视的体积的光路引导来自光源的光的部件。 通过监视的体积的光被引导到光学显示器,其中泄漏气体的折射图案将是可见的。 该方法和装置允许在不使用液体的情况下定位泄漏。
    • 19. 发明授权
    • PVA membrane and method for preparing the same
    • PVA膜及其制备方法
    • US4073733A
    • 1978-02-14
    • US679441
    • 1976-04-22
    • Kazuhisa YamauchiKoichi TakakuraSyuji KawaiAkio Ohmori
    • Kazuhisa YamauchiKoichi TakakuraSyuji KawaiAkio Ohmori
    • B01D69/02B01D71/38B01D31/00
    • B01D69/02B01D71/38Y10S521/905Y10S521/921
    • A polyvinyl alcohol semi-permeable membrane is prepared which has micropores with an average diameter of 0.02 to 2 microns as defined by the interpore partition walls having thicknesses in the range of 50 to 5000 A and which is characterized by substantial cross-sectional uniformity. The membrane is prepared by extruding a PVA composition containing PAG with a molecular weight of 400 to 4,000 and a carbon-to-oxygen ratio of not more than 3 in a proportion of 2 to 200 parts by weight per 100 parts of PVA into a coagulation bath. In another embodiment of the invention, the membrane is formed from a PVA composition wherein the PAG has a molecular weight of 600 to 3,000 and a C/O ratio of not more than 3, the proportion of the PAG being 15 to 150 parts by weight per 100 parts of PVA and wherein the composition satisfies the relation: 0.65 .ltoreq. CBR (critical blending ratio) .ltoreq. 1.0. The membrane is useful in ultrafiltration, dialytic and osmotic separation applications.
    • 制备聚乙烯醇半透膜,其具有平均直径为0.02至2微米的微孔,其由厚度在50至5000范围内的层间隔壁所限定,其特征在于具有显着的横截面均匀性。 通过将含有分子量为400〜4000的PAG的PVA组合物和2〜200重量份/ 100重量份的PVA的碳 - 氧比率不大于3的PVA组合物挤出成凝固体来制备膜 浴。 在本发明的另一个实施方案中,膜由PVA组合物形成,其中PAG的分子量为600至3,000,C / O比不超过3,PAG的比例为15至150重量份 每100份PVA,其中组合物满足关系:0.65