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    • 14. 发明授权
    • Direct smelting process and apparatus
    • 直接冶炼工艺和设备
    • US06939391B2
    • 2005-09-06
    • US10220049
    • 2001-03-02
    • Rodney J. DryPeter Burke
    • Rodney J. DryPeter Burke
    • C21B11/08C21B11/00C21B13/00C21B13/10
    • C21B13/0026C21B13/0013Y02P10/136
    • A molten bath-based direct smelting process for producing ferrous metal from a ferrous feed material is disclosed. The process is characterised by injecting pro-heated air downwardly into metallurgical vessel at an angle of 20 to 90° C. relative to a horizontal axis and at a temperature of 800-1400 ° C. and at a velocity of 200-600 m/s via at least one lance (27) . This step forces molten material in the region of a lower end of the lance away from the lance and forming a “free”space around the lower end of the lance that has a concentration of molten material that is lower than the molten material concentration in the raised bath. The process is further characterised in that the lance is located so that: (i) the lance extends into the vessel a distance that is at least the outer diameter of he lover end of the lance; and (ii) the lower end of the lance is at least 3 times the outer diameter of the lower end of the lance above a quiescent surface of the molt bath.
    • 公开了一种用于从含铁原料生产黑色金属的基于熔池的直接熔炼方法。 该方法的特征在于,将预热的空气以相对于水平轴20度至90度的角度并且在800-1400℃的温度和200-600米/秒的速度向下注入冶金容器中, 至少一个喷枪(27)。 该步骤迫使喷枪下端区域中的熔融材料远离喷枪,并在喷枪下端周围形成“自由”空间,该空间的熔融材料浓度低于熔融材料的熔融材料浓度 沐浴。 该方法的特征还在于,所述喷枪的位置使得:(i)所述喷枪延伸到所述船舶中至少至少是所述喷枪的情人端的外径的距离; 和(ii)喷枪的下端至少是蜕皮浴静止表面上方的喷枪下端外径的3倍。
    • 19. 发明申请
    • DIELECTRIC BARRIER LAYER FOR INCREASING ELECTROMIGRATION LIFETIMES IN COPPER INTERCONNECT STRUCTURES
    • 用于增加铜互连结构中电磁寿命的电介质障碍层
    • US20070190784A1
    • 2007-08-16
    • US11736402
    • 2007-04-17
    • Hao CuiPeter BurkeWilbur Catabay
    • Hao CuiPeter BurkeWilbur Catabay
    • H01L21/44
    • H01L21/76832H01L21/76825H01L21/76826H01L21/76834H01L21/76883
    • Embodiments of the invention include a copper interconnect structure having increased electromigration lifetime. Such structures can include a semiconductor substrate having a copper layer formed thereon. A dielectric barrier stack is formed on the copper layer. The dielectric barrier stack includes a first portion formed adjacent to the copper layer and a second portion formed on the first portion, the first portion having improved adhesion to copper relative to the second portion and both portions are formed having resistance to copper diffusion. The invention also includes several embodiments for constructing such structures. Adhesion of the dielectric barrier stack to copper can be increased by plasma treating or ion implanting selected portions of the dielectric barrier stack with adhesion enhancing materials to increase the concentration of such materials in the stack.
    • 本发明的实施例包括具有增加的电迁移寿命的铜互连结构。 这种结构可以包括其上形成有铜层的半导体衬底。 在铜层上形成介电阻挡层叠体。 电介质势垒叠层包括邻近铜层形成的第一部分和形成在第一部分上的第二部分,第一部分具有相对于第二部分具有改进的铜的粘合性,并且两个部分形成为具有耐铜扩散性。 本发明还包括用于构造这种结构的几个实施例。 可以通过等离子体处理或离子注入电介质阻挡层的选定部分与粘合增强材料来增加电介质阻挡层与铜的附着,以增加堆叠中这种材料的浓度。