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1. 发明申请

WO2016192882A1 STIMULATED SCINTILLATION EMISSION DEPLETION (SSED) FOR HIGH-RESOLUTION QUANTITATIVE X-RAY NANOIMAGING 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于高分辨率定量X射线纳米成像的刺激性扫描排放（SSED）
公开(公告)号：WO2016192882A1
公开(公告)日：2016-12-08
申请号：PCT/EP2016/058348
申请日：2016-04-15
申请人： PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
发明人： ALEKHIN, Mikhail , STAMPANONI, Marco
IPC分类号： G01T1/20
CPC分类号： G01T1/20
摘要： The present invention suggests a new method for generating high spatial resolution X-ray images of an object. Differently than other existing X-ray imaging setups, our configuration employs stimulated scintillation emission depletion and improves the spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limit of conventional scintillation emission. In our new method, X-rays (2) passing through an object (3) are partially absorbed by a luminescence screen (5). The emission of the luminescence screen (5) generates an image of the object (3). A de- excitation light (8) comprising zero-intensity point in at least one focal area is applied to the luminescence screen (5). This light de-excites the excited luminescence centers leaving sub-diffraction sized spots of the spontaneously emitted scintillation, which is registered by a photodetector (15). The image of the object (3) in the luminescence screen (5) is scanned, and a two-dimensional X-ray image of one projection is reconstructed. By measuring different two-dimensional projections, a three-dimensional image of the object is reconstructed.
摘要翻译：本发明提出了一种用于产生对象的高空间分辨率X射线图像的新方法。与其他现有的X射线成像装置不同，我们的配置采用了激发的闪烁发射耗尽，并提高了超过传统闪烁发射衍射极限的空间分辨率。在我们的新方法中，穿过物体（3）的X射线（2）被发光屏幕（5）部分地吸收。发光屏（5）的发射产生物体（3）的图像。将包括至少一个焦点区域中的零强度点的去激发光（8）施加到发光屏（5）。这种光激发激发的发光中心，留下由光电检测器（15）记录的自发发射的闪烁体的亚衍射大小的斑点。扫描发光屏（5）中的物体（3）的图像，并且重建一个投影的二维X射线图像。通过测量不同的二维投影，重建对象的三维图像。

2. 发明申请

WO2014194995A1 IMAGE FUSION SCHEME FOR DIFFERENTIAL PHASE CONTRAST IMAGING 审中-公开
标题翻译：图像融合方案进行差分相位成像
公开(公告)号：WO2014194995A1
公开(公告)日：2014-12-11
申请号：PCT/EP2014/001441
申请日：2014-05-28
申请人： PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
发明人： STAMPANONI, Marco , WANG, Zhentian
IPC分类号： G06T5/50 , A61B6/00
CPC分类号： G06T7/0012 , A61B6/481 , A61B6/483 , A61B6/484 , A61B6/502 , A61B6/5235 , A61B6/5258 , G06K9/52 , G06T5/50 , G06T7/60 , G06T7/73 , G06T11/003 , G06T11/60 , G06T2207/10072 , G06T2207/10116 , G06T2207/20052 , G06T2207/20064 , G06T2207/20221 , G06T2207/30068
摘要： Latest progresses in breast imaging using differential phase contrast technique pose the question how to fuse multiple information (yielded by the absorption, differential phase, and scattering signals) into a single, but more informative image for clinical diagnosis and evaluation. In this work, we propose an image fusion scheme based on the multiple-resolution (MR) framework. The three signals are first transformed into multiple bands presenting information at different frequency and then a two-step processing follows: (1) an intra-band processing enhances the local signal-to-noise ratio using a novel noise estimation method and context modeling; (2) an inter- band processing weights each band by considering their characteristics and contributions, as well as suppressing the global noise level. The fused image, which looks similar to conventional mammogram but with significantly enhanced detail features, is then reconstructed by inverse transform. This fused image is compatible with clinical settings and enables the radiologists to use their years of diagnosis experiences in mammography.
摘要翻译：使用差分相位对比技术的乳腺成像最新进展提出了如何将多个信息（由吸收，差分相位和散射信号产生）融合成一个单一的，但更多信息的图像用于临床诊断和评估的问题。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种基于多分辨率（MR）框架的图像融合方案。首先将三个信号变换成呈现不同频率的信息的多个频带，然后进行两步处理：（1）带内处理使用新的噪声估计方法和上下文建模来增强本地信噪比; （2）频带间处理通过考虑其特征和贡献以及抑制全局噪声水平来对每个频带进行加权。然后通过逆变换来重建看起来类似于常规乳房X线照相但具有显着增强的细节特征的融合图像。该融合图像与临床设置兼容，使放射科医师能够在乳腺X线照相术中使用多年的诊断经验。

3. 发明申请

WO2015169463A1 TILTED-GRATING APPROACH FOR SCANNING-MODE X-RAY GRATING INTERFEROMETRY 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于扫描模式X射线光栅干涉测量的倾斜光栅方法
公开(公告)号：WO2015169463A1
公开(公告)日：2015-11-12
申请号：PCT/EP2015/053909
申请日：2015-02-25
申请人： PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
发明人： STAMPANONI, Marco , WANG, Zhentian , ARBOLEDA, Carolina
IPC分类号： G01N23/04 , A61B6/00 , G21K1/02
CPC分类号： G01N23/083 , A61B6/4035 , A61B6/4208 , A61B6/4291 , A61B6/484 , G01N23/04 , G01N2223/303 , G21K1/025 , G21K1/067 , G21K2207/005
摘要： Among the existent X-ray phase-contrast modalities, grating interferometry appears as a very promising technique for commercial applications, since it is compatible with conventional X-ray tubes and is robust from a mechanical point of view. However, since applications such as medical imaging and homeland security demand covering a considerable field of view, the fabrication of large-area gratings, which is known to be challenging and expensive, would be needed. A scanning setup is a good solution for this issue, because it uses cheaper line instead of large-area 2D detectors and, therefore, would require smaller gratings. In such a setup, the phase-retrieval using the conventional phase-stepping approach would be very slow, so having a faster method to record the signals becomes fundamental. To tackle this problem, the present invention proposes a scanning-mode grating interferometer design, in which a grating is tilted to form Moire fringes perpendicular to the grating lines. The sample is then translated along the fringes, so each line detector records a different phase step for each slice of the sample.
摘要翻译：在现有的X射线相位对比度模式中，光栅干涉测量对于商业应用来说是非常有希望的技术，因为它与传统的X射线管兼容，并且从机械的观点来看是坚固的。然而，由于诸如医学成像和国土安全的应用需要覆盖相当大的视野，所以需要制造大面积光栅（已知具有挑战性和昂贵性）。扫描设置是这个问题的一个很好的解决方案，因为它使用更便宜的线而不是大面积的2D检测器，因此需要较小的光栅。在这种设置中，使用常规相位步进方法的相位检索将非常慢，因此具有更快记录信号的方法变得根本。为了解决这个问题，本发明提出了一种扫描模式光栅干涉仪设计，其中光栅被倾斜以形成垂直于光栅线的莫尔条纹。然后将样品沿条纹平移，因此每个线检测器记录样品的每个切片的不同相位步长。

4. 发明申请

WO2013124164A1 A SYSTEM FOR NON-INVASIVELY CLASSIFICATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MICRO-CALCIFICATIONS IN HUMAN TISSUE 审中-公开
标题翻译：人体组织中微量计算不同类型的非自发分类系统
公开(公告)号：WO2013124164A1
公开(公告)日：2013-08-29
申请号：PCT/EP2013/052451
申请日：2013-02-07
申请人： PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
发明人： STAMPANONI, Marco , WANG, Zhentian
IPC分类号： G06T7/00 , A61B6/00
CPC分类号： A61B6/502 , A61B6/4035 , A61B6/4291 , A61B6/483 , A61B6/484 , A61B6/5217 , G06T7/0012 , G06T7/174 , G06T11/005 , G06T2207/10081 , G06T2207/10116 , G06T2207/20212 , G06T2207/30068 , G06T2211/40
摘要： The present invention proposes a noninvasive method to distinguish two types of (micro)-calcification by x-ray imaging in mammography. Two major types of (micro)- calcification are found and confirmed by histopathology and they are correlated to benign and malignant breast lesions. Distinguishing them noninvasively will significantly improve early breast cancer diagnosis. This invention is based on the fact that these two types of (micro)- calcifications show opposite absorption and small-angle scattering signals in x-ray imaging. The imaging system, which can record these two signals of the breast tissue simultaneously (for instance, an x-ray grating interferometer), can be used to uniquely determine the micro- calcification type. The suggested invention is expected to be used in mammography to improve early breast cancer diagnosis, increase diagnosis accuracy and decrease the biopsy rate.
摘要翻译：本发明提出了一种在乳房X线照相术中通过X射线成像来区分两种（微）钙化的无创方法。通过组织病理学发现并证实了两种主要类型的（微）钙化，并且它们与良性和恶性乳腺病变相关。非侵入性区分将显着改善早期乳腺癌诊断。本发明基于这两种（微）钙化在x射线成像中显示出相反的吸收和小角度散射信号的事实。可以同时记录乳房组织的两个信号（例如，X射线光栅干涉仪）的成像系统可以用于唯一地确定微钙化类型。本发明预期用于乳房X线照相术以改善早期乳腺癌诊断，提高诊断准确性并降低活检率。

5. 发明申请

WO2021028214A1 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FABRICATING PHOTONIC DEVICE ELEMENTS 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：WO2021028214A1
公开(公告)日：2021-02-18
申请号：PCT/EP2020/071235
申请日：2020-07-28
申请人： PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
发明人： ROMANO, Lucia , STAMPANONI, Marco , JEFIMOVS, Konstantins , KAGIAS, Matias , COMAMALA, Joan Vila
IPC分类号： H01L21/306 , H01L21/67 , G02B5/18 , B81C1/00 , H01L21/308 , H01L31/028 , C09K13/08 , H01L31/18 , B82Y40/00
摘要： The present disclosure provides a method to fabricate high aspect ratio patterns in a semiconductor substrate that are elements of photonic devices by using a continuous metal mesh and etching in presence of air in a continuous flow and an etchant. In one approach, a stabilizing catalyst that involves the formation of a stable metal-semiconductor alloy allows to etch the substrate in vertical direction even in conditions of very low oxidant concentration (e.g. the oxidizer species being present in the air) without any external bias or magnetic field so to realize very high aspect ratio structures in the semiconductor substrate. The metal layer on the semiconductor substrate reacts with the oxidant contained in the air and catalyzes the semiconductor etching by the etchant. In one approach, the etchant is supplied by evaporating a water diluted HF solution. Air in continuous flow in proximity of the metal layer allows to maintain constant the oxidant concentration in proximity of the metal layer. This favors the mass transport of the reactant species and the etching by-products, thereby the process can continue for long time in order to form very high aspect ratio structures. Once the etched semiconductor structure is formed, the continuous air flow supports the reactant species diffusing through the etched semiconductor structure so to maintain a uniform etching rate of high aspect ratio structure. The continuous air flow supports the diffusion of the reaction by-products so to avoid the poisoning of the etching reaction. Structures with aspect ratios in the order of 10000:1 can be obtained with this method. The method has excellent capability of pattern transfer at the nanometer scale. Since the oxidant can be provided by the normal air, the system has particular advantage for implementation as it does not require any handling of hazardous and inflammable gases such as O 2 gas or instable chemicals, such as H 2 O 2 .

6. 发明申请

WO2017036726A1 DUAL PHASE GRATING INTERFEROMETER FOR X-RAY PHASE CONTRAST IMAGING 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于X射线相位对比成像的双相光栅干涉仪
公开(公告)号：WO2017036726A1
公开(公告)日：2017-03-09
申请号：PCT/EP2016/068621
申请日：2016-08-04
申请人： PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
发明人： KAGIAS, Matias , STAMPANONI, Marco , WANG, Zhentian
IPC分类号： G01N23/04 , A61B6/00 , G21K1/00
CPC分类号： G01N23/046 , A61B6/484 , G21K1/06 , G21K2207/005
摘要： Since the very first experiments with phase-contrast imaging at synchrotrons, X-ray scientists were quite excited by the potential of this novel approach, as the "holy-grail" of boosting the contrast of soft and radiation sensitive materials under dose-control seemed to be finally at reach. The features of gratings-based interferometry (GI) are well suited for transferring this exciting technology from the exclusive synchrotron' s community to a much wider basin of potential users. Particularly for medical applications, the relation between image contrast and dose has triggered tremendous efforts in the development of novel imaging devices. Such systems essentially operate near to the photon-starvation limit to cope with the fundamental dilemma of providing sufficient diagnostic sensitivity and sensibility at an acceptable, as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) risk for the patient. If a new imaging modality were to be implemented in a clinical environment, it is needless to say that it has to be compliant with the very strict regulatory directives. The present invention proposes a system based exclusively on X-ray phase shifting components, i.e. without the use of an absorption grating, or a mask or a high-resolution detector. The novel approach is applicable at all imaging relevant energies and can be easily scalable to large field of views. The invention solves in one shot most the major limitations so far which were preventing a broad dissemination of phase contrast X-ray imaging on conventional sources.
摘要翻译：由于在同步加速器中进行相位对比成像的第一次实验，X射线科学家对这种新方法的潜力感到非常激动，因为在剂量控制下增强柔软和辐射敏感材料的对比度的“圣杯”似乎似乎终于到达了。基于光栅的干涉测量（GI）的特征非常适合将这种令人兴奋的技术从专有的同步加速器社区转移到更广泛的潜在用户的盆地。特别是对于医学应用，图像对比度与剂量之间的关系已经在开发新型成像装置方面发挥了巨大的作用。这样的系统基本上接近光子饥饿极限，以应付在患者可接受的低达到合理可达（ALARA））风险的情况下提供足够的诊断灵敏度和敏感性的基本困境。如果在临床环境中实施新的成像模式，则不用说，它必须符合严格的监管指令。本发明提出了一种仅基于X射线相移分量的系统，即不使用吸收光栅，或掩模或高分辨率检测器。该新颖的方法适用于所有成像相关能量，并且可以容易地扩展到大视野。本发明解决了迄今为止主要的局限性，这阻碍了常规来源的相位对比X射线成像的广泛传播。

7. 发明申请

WO2014180683A1 QUANTITATIVE X-RAY RADIOLOGY USING THE ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING INFORMATION 审中-公开
标题翻译：使用吸收和散射信息的量化X射线放射学
公开(公告)号：WO2014180683A1
公开(公告)日：2014-11-13
申请号：PCT/EP2014/058501
申请日：2014-04-25
申请人： PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
发明人： STAMPANONI, Marco , WANG, Zhentian
IPC分类号： A61B6/00 , G01N23/20 , G01N23/083
CPC分类号： A61B6/502 , A61B6/4035 , A61B6/4291 , A61B6/483 , A61B6/484 , A61B6/5217 , G01N23/083 , G01N23/20083
摘要： The present invention proposes a quantitative radiographic method using X-ray imaging. This invention uses the ratio of the absorption signal and the (small-angle) scattering signal (or vice-versa) of the object as a signature for the materials. The ratio image (dubbed R image) is independent from the thickness of the object in a wide sense, and therefore can be used to discriminate materials in a radiographic approach. This invention can be applied to imaging systems, which can record these two signals from the underlying object (for instance, an X-ray grating interferometer). Possible applications of the suggested invention could be in material science, non-destructive testing and medical imaging. Specifically in this patent, we illustrate how this invention can be used to estimate the volumetric breast density. The use of the R image and the corresponding algorithm are also presented hereafter.
摘要翻译：本发明提出了使用X射线成像的定量放射照相方法。本发明使用物体的吸收信号和（小角度）散射信号（或反之亦然）的比例作为材料的签名。比例图像（称为R图像）在广义上与物体的厚度无关，因此可以用于在放射照相方法中区分材料。本发明可以应用于成像系统，其可以从下面的对象（例如，X射线光栅干涉仪）记录这两个信号。建议发明的可能应用可以在材料科学，非破坏性测试和医学成像中。具体在本专利中，我们说明了本发明如何用于估计体积乳房密度。下文还介绍了使用R图像和相应的算法。

8. 发明申请

WO2012080125A1 A METHOD AND A SYSTEM FOR IMAGE INTEGRATION USING CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION FOR PHASE CONTRAST IMAGING WITH AN ARRANGEMENT OF GRATINGS 审中-公开
标题翻译：一种使用约束优化进行相位对比成像的图像集成方法和系统与灰度的布置
公开(公告)号：WO2012080125A1
公开(公告)日：2012-06-21
申请号：PCT/EP2011/072332
申请日：2011-12-09
申请人： PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT , STAMPANONI, Marco , THÜRING, Thomas
发明人： STAMPANONI, Marco , THÜRING, Thomas
IPC分类号： G06T11/00
CPC分类号： G06T7/00 , A61B6/484 , G01N23/04 , G06T11/006 , G06T2211/424
摘要： The present invention yields high-quality, artifact free phase contrast images from an object using an arrangement of gratings. The new method suppresses the need of direct image integration and significantly improves the quality of phase contrast images. In comparison with existing techniques, our approach does not need additional alignment work nor increased exposure time. On the other hand it delivers excellent, direct interpretable information about the phase projection within a radiographic experiment. Due to its general applicability and its simplicity in usage, the suggested invention is expected to become a standard method for a variety of 2D imaging applications using gratings arrangements in particular on medical scanners (for instance mammography), inspection at industrial production lines, non-destructive testing, and homeland security.
摘要翻译：本发明使用光栅排列产生了来自物体的高品质，无假象相位差图像。新方法抑制了直接图像集成的需要，显着提高了相位图像的质量。与现有技术相比，我们的方法不需要额外的对准工作，也不需要增加曝光时间。另一方面，它提供了关于放射学实验中的相位投影的优秀的，直接可解释的信息。由于其一般适用性和其使用简单性，预期本发明将成为使用光栅布置的各种2D成像应用的标准方法，特别是在医疗扫描仪（例如乳腺X线照相术）上，在工业生产线上进行检查，破坏性测试和国土安全。

9. 发明申请

WO2010089319A1 LOW DOSE SINGLE STEP GRATING BASED X-RAY PHASE CONTRAST IMAGING 审中-公开
标题翻译：低剂量单步色差X射线相位对比成像
公开(公告)号：WO2010089319A1
公开(公告)日：2010-08-12
申请号：PCT/EP2010/051291
申请日：2010-02-03
申请人： INSTITUTE OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS , PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT , ZHU, Peiping , WU, Ziyu , STAMPANONI, Marco
发明人： ZHU, Peiping , WU, Ziyu , STAMPANONI, Marco
IPC分类号： A61B6/00 , G01N23/04
CPC分类号： G01N23/04 , A61B6/00 , A61B6/4291 , A61B6/484
摘要： Phase sensitive X-ray imaging methods can provide substantially increased contrast over conventional absorption based imaging, and therefore new and otherwise inaccessible information. The use of gratings as optical elements in hard X-ray phase imaging overcomes some of the problems that have impaired the wider use of phase contrast in X-ray radiography and tomography. So far, to separate the phase information from other contributions detected with a grating interferometer, a phase-stepping approach has been considered, which implies the acquisition of multiple radiographic projections. Here, an innovative, highly sensitive X-ray tomographic phase contrast imaging approach is presented based on grating interferometry, which extracts the phase contrast signal without the need of phase stepping. Compared to the existing phase step approach, the main advantage of this new method dubbed "reverse projection" is the significantly reduced delivered dose, without degradation of the image quality. The new technique sets the pre-requisites for future fast and low dose phase contrast imaging methods, fundamental for imaging biological specimens and in-vivo studies.
摘要翻译：相位敏感的X射线成像方法可以提供比传统的基于吸收的成像提供显着增加的对比度，因此可以提供新的和其他不可接近的信息。在硬X射线相位成像中使用光栅作为光学元件克服了一些在X射线摄影和断层扫描中更广泛地使用相位对比的问题。到目前为止，为了将相位信息与用光栅干涉仪检测到的其他贡献分离，已经考虑了相位步进方法，这意味着获取多个射线照相投影。在这里，基于光栅干涉测量提出了一种创新的，高灵敏度的X射线断层扫描相位成像方法，其提取相位差信号，而不需要相位步进。与现有的相位步法相比，这种被称为“反投影”的新方法的主要优点是显着降低了传送剂量，而不会降低图像质量。新技术为未来的快速和低剂量相位成像方法提供了先决条件，对于成像生物标本和体内研究是基础的。

10. 发明申请

WO2022135906A1 METHOD FOR PRODUCING HIGH ASPECT RATIO FAN-SHAPED OPTICAL COMPONENTS AND/OR SLANTED GRATINGS 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：WO2022135906A1
公开(公告)日：2022-06-30
申请号：PCT/EP2021/084555
申请日：2021-12-07
申请人： PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
发明人： SHI, Zhitian , JEFIMOVS, Konstantins , COMAMALA, Joan Vila , ROMANO, Lucia , STAMPANONI, Marco
IPC分类号： G02B5/18 , A61B6/00 , G21K1/06
摘要： The present invention discloses a method for the fabrication of fan-shaped optical components on a substrate (400), such as those diffraction optics used in X-ray imaging systems. The method uses conductive electric field modulators (301, 302) being placed in the peripheral area of the patterned surface on the substrate (400) and plasma etching. The method allows to create an optical component having high aspect ratio elements such as recess structures (401 to 409) with a fan-shape orientation in the substrate (400), wherein each element is inclined by a respective slant angle with respect to the perpendicular to the substrate (400), wherein the said slant angle gradually varies from element to element as a function of the element location on the substrate (400). The method is compatible with conventional plasma etching machines to realize recess structures in the substrate (400) and electroplating techniques to further metallize the slanted recess structures (401 to 409). Fan-shaped gratings in Si substrate with Au filling demonstrated the improved field of view of a grating- based X-ray interferometry set-up, solving among other the problem of bending the optical component in order to efficiently match the cone-beam emission of the light source, such as an X- ray tube.

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