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1. 发明申请

WO2004094795A3 PLASMATRON FUEL CONVERTER HAVING DECOUPLED AIR FLOW CONTROL 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：WO2004094795A3
公开(公告)日：2004-11-04
申请号：PCT/US2004/008441
申请日：2004-03-19
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , RABINOVICH, Alexander , ALEXEEV, Nicolai , BROMBERG, Leslie , COHN, Daniel, R. , SAMOKHIN, Andrei
发明人： RABINOVICH, Alexander , ALEXEEV, Nicolai , BROMBERG, Leslie , COHN, Daniel, R. , SAMOKHIN, Andrei
IPC分类号： B01J19/08
摘要： A novel apparatus and method is disclosed for a plasmatron fuel converter ("plasmatron") that efficiently uses electrical energy to produce hydrogen rich gas. The plasmatron (10) has multiple decoupled gas flow apertures or channels (30, 40, 50, 60, 80) for performing multiple functions including fuel atomization, wall protection, plasma shaping, and downstream mixing. In one aspect, the invention is a plasmatron fuel converter comprising a first electrode (20) and a second electrode (24) separated from the first electrode by an electrical insulator (22) and disposed to create a gap with respect to the first electrode (20) so as to form a discharge region (26) adapted to receive a reactive mixture. A power supply (18) is connected to the first and second electrodes and adapted to provide voltage and current sufficient to generate a plasma discharge within the discharge region (26). Fluid flows are established in the vicinity of the plasma discharge region (26) by multiple decoupled flow establishing means.

2. 发明申请

WO2005094335A2 WIDE DYNAMIC RANGE MULTISTAGE PLASMATRON REFORMER SYSTEM 审中-公开
标题翻译：宽动态范围多级PLASMATRON改造器系统
公开(公告)号：WO2005094335A2
公开(公告)日：2005-10-13
申请号：PCT/US2005/010473
申请日：2005-03-29
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , RABINOVICH, Alexander , ALEXEEV, Nikolai , SAMOKHIN, Andrei , BROMBERG, Leslie , COHN, Daniel , HADIDI, Kamal
发明人： RABINOVICH, Alexander , ALEXEEV, Nikolai , SAMOKHIN, Andrei , BROMBERG, Leslie , COHN, Daniel , HADIDI, Kamal
IPC分类号： B01J19/08 , C01B3/34 , H01M8/00 , H01M8/06
CPC分类号： C01B3/342 , B01J19/088 , B01J2219/0809 , B01J2219/0815 , B01J2219/0828 , B01J2219/083 , B01J2219/0854 , B01J2219/0869 , B01J2219/0884 , B01J2219/0892 , B01J2219/0894 , C01B2203/0861 , H01M8/0612 , Y02P20/129
摘要： A method and apparatus for a multistage plasmatron fuel reformer system having a wide dynamic operational range. In one aspect, the system includes a plasmatron configured for low flow operation followed by a reaction extension cylinder and then a nozzle section capable of providing additional air and/or fuel inputs. The nozzle section is then followed by another reaction extension region. When high flow rate of the system is needed, the low fuel flow rate provided by the plasmatron followed by the first reaction extension region provides the high temperature used to effectively initiate the partial oxidation reaction in the next section. The initiation of this reaction may also be facilitated by the presence of hydrogen.
摘要翻译：一种具有宽动态工作范围的多级等离子体燃料重整器系统的方法和装置。在一个方面，该系统包括配置用于低流量操作的等离子体，随后是反应延伸圆筒，然后是能够提供额外的空气和/或燃料输入的喷嘴部分。喷嘴部分之后是另一个反应延伸区域。当需要系统的高流量时，由等离子体处理器提供的低燃料流量随后由第一反应延伸区域提供用于在下一部分中有效地引发部分氧化反应的高温。该反应的引发也可以通过存在氢来促进。

3. 发明申请

WO2003042521A3 HIGH COMPRESSION RATIO, HYDROGEN ENHANCED GASOLINE ENGINE SYSTEM 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：WO2003042521A3
公开(公告)日：2003-05-22
申请号：PCT/US2002/035623
申请日：2002-11-06
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , COHN, Daniel, R. , BROMBERG, Leslie , RABINOVICH, Alexander , HEYWOOD, John, B.
发明人： COHN, Daniel, R. , BROMBERG, Leslie , RABINOVICH, Alexander , HEYWOOD, John, B.
IPC分类号： F02D35/00
摘要： A hydrogen enhanced gasoline engine system using high compression ratio is optimized to minimize NOx emissions, exhaust aftertreatment catalyst requirements, hydrogen requirements, engine efficiency and cost. In one mode of operation the engine is operated very lean at lower levels of power. A control system is used to increase equivalence ratio at increased torque or power requirements while avoiding the knock that would be produced by high compression ratio operation. Accordingly reduced hydrogen requirements at high power can significantly reduce the cost and size of onboard hydrogen generator technology. Increased in-cylinder turbulence and stratified hydrogen injection can be used to minimize hydrogen requirements for operation at a given equivalence ratio value. In another embodiment, hydrogen enhanced exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) at all power levels is used.

4. 发明申请

WO2003042521A2 HIGH COMPRESSION RATIO, HYDROGEN ENHANCED GASOLINE ENGINE SYSTEM 审中-公开
标题翻译：高压缩比，加氢汽油发动机系统
公开(公告)号：WO2003042521A2
公开(公告)日：2003-05-22
申请号：PCT/US2002/035623
申请日：2002-11-06
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , COHN, Daniel, R. , BROMBERG, Leslie , RABINOVICH, Alexander , HEYWOOD, John, B.
发明人： COHN, Daniel, R. , BROMBERG, Leslie , RABINOVICH, Alexander , HEYWOOD, John, B.
IPC分类号： F02D
CPC分类号： F02D41/005 , F02B1/12 , F02B43/10 , F02B47/04 , F02B51/00 , F02D19/0644 , F02D19/0671 , F02D19/081 , F02D35/027 , F02D41/0025 , F02D41/0027 , F02D41/3023 , F02D2250/36 , F02M25/10 , F02M26/13 , Y02T10/32 , Y02T10/36 , Y02T10/47 , Y10S123/12
摘要： A hydrogen enhanced gasoline engine system using high compression ratio is optimized to minimize NOx emissions, exhaust aftertreatment catalyst requirements, hydrogen requirements, engine efficiency and cost. In one mode of operation the engine is operated very lean (equivalence ratio O = 0.4 to 0.7) at lower levels of power. Very lean operation reduces NOx to very low levels. A control system is used to increase equivalence ratio at increased torque or power requirements while avoiding the knock that would be produced by high compression ratio operation. The increased equivalence ratio reduces the amount of hydrogen required to extend the lean limit in order to avoid misfire and increases torque and power. Reduced hydrogen requirements at high power can significantly reduce the cost and size of onboard hydrogen generator technology. Increased in-cylinder turbulence and stratified hydrogen injection can be used to minimize hydrogen requirements for operation at a given equivalence ratio value. In another embodiment, vehicle NOx emissions can be suppressed to low levels and knock can be prevented by use of hydrogen enhanced exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) at all power levels with stoichiometric operation and a 3-way exhaust aftertreatment catalyst. Alternatively, EGR can be used with lean operation to keep NOx at low levels while the equivalence ratio is increased to provide higher torque and power capability. The effect of reduced peak power due to charge dilution to avoid knock can be minimized by boosting, using turbocharging or supercharging.
摘要翻译：优化了使用高压缩比的氢气增强型汽油机系统，以最大限度地减少NOx排放，废气后处理催化剂要求，氢气需求，发动机效率和成本。在一种操作模式中，发动机在较低功率水平下运行非常稀薄（当量比O = 0.4至0.7）。非常精益操作将NOx降低到非常低的水平。控制系统用于在增加转矩或功率要求的同时提高当量比，同时避免由高压缩比操作产生的爆震。增加的当量比减少了扩大稀薄极限所需的氢气量，以避免失火并增加扭矩和功率。在大功率下降低氢气需求可显着降低机载氢发生器技术的成本和尺寸。可以使用增加的缸内湍流和分层氢气喷射来最小化在给定的当量比值下操作的氢气需求。在另一个实施方案中，车辆NOx排放可以被抑制到低水平，并且可以通过使用具有化学计量操作的所有功率水平的氢增强废气再循环（EGR）和三向排气后处理催化剂来防止爆震。或者，EGR可以用于稀薄运行，以将NOx保持在低水平，同时增加当量比以提供更高的扭矩和功率能力。通过使用涡轮增压或增压来升压，可以将由于充电稀释而引起的峰值功率降低以避免爆震的效果最小化。

5. 发明申请

WO2006002037A3 OPTIMUM USE OF FUEL REFORMERS FOR REGENERATION OF PARTICULATE FILTERS AND NOx TRAPS 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：WO2006002037A3
公开(公告)日：2006-01-05
申请号：PCT/US2005/020888
申请日：2005-06-13
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , BROMBERG, Leslie , COHN, Daniel, R. , HADIDI, Kamal , HEYWOOD, John, B. , RABINOVICH, Alexander , WONG, Victor, W.
发明人： BROMBERG, Leslie , COHN, Daniel, R. , HADIDI, Kamal , HEYWOOD, John, B. , RABINOVICH, Alexander , WONG, Victor, W.
IPC分类号： F01N3/023 , F01N3/021 , F01N3/025 , F01N3/08 , F01N3/20
摘要： Pollution control apparatus. An exhaust aftertreatment unit (12) is fitted to the exhaust (10) of an internal combustion engine and a fuel reformer (16) provides hydrogen rich gas in an optimal way to the aftertreatment unit to regenerate the aftertreatment unit. It is preferred that the hydrogen rich gas be provided only to a portion of the aftertreatment unit at any time to regenerate that portion. Stored hydrogen may be used.

6. 发明申请

WO2004111417A1 HYDROGEN AND CARBON MONOXIDE ENHANCED KNOCK RESISTANCE IN SPARK IGNITION GASOLINE ENGINES 审中-公开
标题翻译：氢氧化碳和一氧化碳在火花点火汽油发动机中增强的抗震性
公开(公告)号：WO2004111417A1
公开(公告)日：2004-12-23
申请号：PCT/US2004/018897
申请日：2004-06-11
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , HEYWOOD, John, B. , BROMBERG, Leslie , RABINOVICH, Alexander , COHN, Daniel, R. , TOPINKA, Jennifer
发明人： BROMBERG, Leslie , RABINOVICH, Alexander , COHN, Daniel, R. , TOPINKA, Jennifer
IPC分类号： F02D41/00
CPC分类号： F02B43/10 , F02B1/12 , F02B11/00 , F02B47/04 , F02B51/00 , F02D35/027 , F02D41/0025 , F02D41/0027 , F02D41/005 , F02D41/3023 , F02D41/3035 , F02D2250/36 , F02M25/10 , F02M26/13 , Y02T10/32 , Y02T10/47
摘要： A method for reducing required octane number and spark ignition gasoline engine system with hydrogen-enhanced knock resistance. The method includes the addition of hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas containing carbon monoxide to gasoline. Octane number can be improved. A spark ignition gasoline engine system is provided to supply gasoline and hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas to the engine at a varying hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas to gasoline ratio selected both to prevent knock and to ensure a desired level of combustion stability. The engine system may be normally aspirated or boosted and EGR may be added. The hydrogen-rich gas to gasoline ratio may be controlled as a function of boost pressure, torque, engine speed, or air/fuel mixture ratio.
摘要翻译：一种降低所需辛烷值和火花点火汽油发动机系统的方法，具有增氢爆震阻力。该方法包括向汽油中加入含有一氧化碳的氢或富氢气体。辛烷值可以改善。提供一种火花点火汽油发动机系统，其以不同的氢气或富氢气体与汽油比将汽油和氢气或富氢气体供应给发动机，以防止爆震和确保期望的燃烧稳定性水平。发动机系统可以被正常吸入或升压，并且可以添加EGR。可以根据增压压力，转矩，发动机转速或空气/燃料混合比来控制富氢气体与汽油的比例。

7. 发明申请

WO2003027005A1 PLASMATRON-CATALYST SYSTEM 审中-公开
标题翻译： PLASMATRON-催化剂体系
公开(公告)号：WO2003027005A1
公开(公告)日：2003-04-03
申请号：PCT/US2002/029409
申请日：2002-09-17
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , BROMBERG, Leslie , COHN, Daniel, R. , RABINOVICH, Alexander , ALEXEEV, Nikolai
发明人： BROMBERG, Leslie , COHN, Daniel, R. , RABINOVICH, Alexander , ALEXEEV, Nikolai
IPC分类号： B01J19/08
CPC分类号： B01J12/002 , B01D53/94 , B01J19/088 , B01J2219/0883 , B01J2219/0892 , B01J2219/0894 , C01B3/342 , C01B3/38 , C01B3/48 , C01B3/583 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0261 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/044 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0844 , C01B2203/0861 , C01B2203/0866 , C01B2203/142 , C01B2203/143 , C01B2203/1604 , C01B2203/80 , C10J2300/1238 , F01N3/0892 , F01N3/206 , F01N2240/28 , F01N2240/30 , F01N2610/04 , F02B3/06 , F02B25/12 , F02B43/10 , F02B51/00 , F02B51/04 , F02B2043/106 , H01M8/0612 , H01M8/0631 , H01M8/0662 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P20/52 , Y02T10/126 , Y02T10/32 , Y10S48/08
摘要： A plasmatron-catalyst system. The system generates hydrogen-rich gas and comprises a plasmatron (10) and at least one catalyst (22, 24, ..., 26) for receiving an output from the plasmatron to produce hydrogen-rich gas. In a preferred embodiment, the plasmatron receives as an imput air (14), fuel (16) and water/steam (18) for use in the reforming process. The system increases the hydrogen yield and decreases the amount of carbon monoxide.
摘要翻译：等离子管催化剂系统。该系统产生富氢气体并且包括等离子管（10）和至少一个用于接收来自等离子体发生器的输出以产生富氢气体的催化剂（22,24，...，26）。在优选实施例中，等离子体发生器接收用于重整过程的输入空气（14），燃料（16）和水/蒸汽（18）。该系统增加了氢气的产量并减少了一氧化碳的数量。

8. 发明申请

WO2006108076A2 OPTIMIZED FUEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR DIRECT INJECTION ETHANOL ENHANCEMENT OF GASOLINE ENGINES 审中-公开
标题翻译：汽油发动机直喷注入乙醇的优化燃油管理系统
公开(公告)号：WO2006108076A2
公开(公告)日：2006-10-12
申请号：PCT/US2006/012750
申请日：2006-04-06
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , BROMBERG, Leslie , COHN, Daniel, R. , HEYWOOD, John, B.
发明人： BROMBERG, Leslie , COHN, Daniel, R. , HEYWOOD, John, B.
IPC分类号： F02B77/04
CPC分类号： F02B47/04 , F02B17/005 , F02B51/00 , F02B2023/106 , F02B2023/108 , F02B2075/125 , F02D19/061 , F02D19/0655 , F02D19/0665 , F02D19/0671 , F02D19/0689 , F02D19/0692 , F02D19/0694 , F02D19/081 , F02D19/084 , F02D23/02 , F02D35/027 , F02D41/0007 , F02D41/0025 , F02M25/14 , Y02T10/123 , Y02T10/144 , Y02T10/148 , Y02T10/36
摘要： Fuel management system for enhanced operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder. It is preferred that the direct injection occur after the inlet valve is closed. It is also preferred that stoichiometric operation with a three way catalyst be used to minimize emissions. In addition, it is also preferred that the anti-knock agents have a heat of vaporization per unit of combustion energy that is at least three times that of gasoline.
摘要翻译：燃油管理系统，用于增强火花点火汽油发动机的运行。注射器将一种抗敲液剂如乙醇直接注入圆筒中。优选在进气阀关闭之后进行直接喷射。还优选使用三元催化剂的化学计量操作来最小化排放。此外，还优选的是，所述防爆剂的每单位燃烧能的蒸发热至少是汽油的三倍。

9. 发明申请

WO2008036439A3 COMPACT HIGH PERFORMANCE CHEMICAL DETECTOR 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：WO2008036439A3
公开(公告)日：2008-03-27
申请号：PCT/US2007/068720
申请日：2007-05-11
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , BROMBERG, Leslie , COHN, Daniel, R.
发明人： BROMBERG, Leslie , COHN, Daniel, R.
IPC分类号： B01D59/44
摘要： Ion mobility spectrometer. The spectrometer includes an enclosed region having a gas with a selected chemical species contained therein. An energy source ionizes the gas and the chemical species. Spaced apart electrodes generate high frequency and DC electric fields across the enclosed region and circuitry is provided for generating voltage waveforms on the electrodes. The voltage waveforms include a symmetric RF field to minimize ion loss and to prevent clustering of the ions with water molecules during an ion buildup phase. A DC and asymmetric, non-uniform RF field is provided to separate and focus the ions in the region during an ion separation phase. Finally, a changing DC or RF field causes the ionized chemical species to move to the electrodes and read-out circuitry responds to current in the electrodes to indicate the presence and/or amount of the chemical species.

10. 发明申请

WO2008036439A2 COMPACT HIGH PERFORMANCE CHEMICAL DETECTOR 审中-公开
标题翻译：紧凑的高性能化学检测器
公开(公告)号：WO2008036439A2
公开(公告)日：2008-03-27
申请号：PCT/US2007/068720
申请日：2007-05-11
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , BROMBERG, Leslie , COHN, Daniel, R.
发明人： BROMBERG, Leslie , COHN, Daniel, R.
IPC分类号： B01D59/44
CPC分类号： G01N27/624
摘要： Ion mobility spectrometer. The spectrometer includes an enclosed region having a gas with a selected chemical species contained therein. An energy source ionizes the gas and the chemical species. Spaced apart electrodes generate high frequency and DC electric fields across the enclosed region and circuitry is provided for generating voltage waveforms on the electrodes. The voltage waveforms include a symmetric RF field to minimize ion loss and to prevent clustering of the ions with water molecules during an ion buildup phase. A DC and asymmetric, non-uniform RF field is provided to separate and focus the ions in the region during an ion separation phase. Finally, a changing DC or RF field causes the ionized chemical species to move to the electrodes and read-out circuitry responds to current in the electrodes to indicate the presence and/or amount of the chemical species.
摘要翻译：离子迁移谱仪。光谱仪包括具有包含其中选择的化学物质的气体的封闭区域。能量源使气体和化学物质离子化。隔开的电极在封闭区域产生高频和直流电场，并且提供用于在电极上产生电压波形的电路。电压波形包括对称RF场，以最小化离子损失，并防止在离子累积阶段期间离子与水分子的聚集。提供DC和非对称的不均匀RF场以在离子分离阶段期间分离和聚焦该区域中的离子。最后，变化的DC或RF场导致电离化学物质移动到电极，并且读出电路对电极中的电流进行响应以指示化学物质的存在和/或量。

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