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1. 发明申请

WO1997013128A1 ACTIVE PYROMETER FOR SELF-CALIBRATED FURNACE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于自我校准的温度测量的活性染料
公开(公告)号：WO1997013128A1
公开(公告)日：1997-04-10
申请号：PCT/US1996015997
申请日：1996-10-04
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE
发明人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE , WOSKOV, Paul, P. , COHN, Daniel, R. , TITUS, Charles, H. , SURMA, Jeffrey, E.
IPC分类号： G01K11/00
CPC分类号： G01K11/006 , G01J5/522 , G01K11/12 , G01K17/003
摘要： Pyrometer with a probe beam superimposed on its field-of-view for furnace temperature measurements. The pyrometer includes a heterodyne millimeter/submillimeter-wave or microwave receiver (12) including a millimeter/submillimeter-wave or microwave source for probing. The receiver is adapted to receive radiation from a surface (48) whose temperature is to be measured. The radiation includes a surface emission portion and a surface reflection portion which includes the probe beam energy reflected from the surface. The surface emission portion is related to the surface temperature and the surface reflection portion is related to the emissivity of the surface. The simultaneous measurement of surface emissivity serves as a real time calibration of the temperature measurement. In an alternative embodiment, a translatable base plate (76) and a visible laser beam (78) allow slow mapping out of interference patterns and obtaining peak values therefor. The invention also includes a waveguide (118) having a replaceable end portion (124), an insulating refractory sleeve (132) and/or a source of inert gas flow (122). The pyrometer may be used in conjunction with a waveguide to form a system for temperature measurements in a furnace. The system may employ a chopper (24) or alternatively, be constructed without a chopper. The system may also include an auxiliary reflector (182) for surface emissivity measurements.
摘要翻译：测高仪用探针光束叠加在其视场上进行炉温测量。高温计包括外差毫米/亚毫米波或微波接收器（12），其包括用于探测的毫米/亚毫米波或微波源。接收器适于接收来自其温度要被测量的表面（48）的辐射。辐射包括表面发射部分和包括从表面反射的探测光束能量的表面反射部分。表面发射部分与表面温度有关，表面反射部分与表面的发射率有关。表面发射率的同时测量可作为温度测量的实时校准。在替代实施例中，可平移底板（76）和可见激光束（78）允许从干涉图案中慢速映射并获得其峰值。本发明还包括具有可替换端部（124），绝缘耐火套（132）和/或惰性气体流（122）源的波导（118）。高温计可以与波导结合使用以形成用于炉中的温度测量的系统。该系统可以采用斩波器（24），或者替代地，在没有斩波器的情况下构造。该系统还可以包括用于表面发射率测量的辅助反射器（182）。

2. 发明申请

WO1997013141A1 MICROWAVE PLASMA MONITORING SYSTEM FOR THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE PROCESS STREAMS 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于高温过程流体元素组成分析的微波等离子体监测系统
公开(公告)号：WO1997013141A1
公开(公告)日：1997-04-10
申请号：PCT/US1996015961
申请日：1996-10-04
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE
发明人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE , WOSKOV, Paul, P. , COHN, Daniel, R. , TITUS, Charles, H. , SURMA, Jeffrey, E.
IPC分类号： G01N21/73
CPC分类号： G01N21/73
摘要： Microwave-induced plasma for continuous, real time trace element monitoring under harsh and variable conditions. The sensor includes a source of high power microwave energy and a shorted waveguide made of a microwave conductive, high temperature capability refractory material communicating with the source of the microwave energy to generate a plasma. The high power waveguide is constructed to be robust in a hot, hostile environment. It includes an aperture for the passage of gases to be analyzed and a spectrometer is connected to receive light from the plasma. Provision is made for real time in situ calibration. The spectrometer disperses the light, which is then analyzed by a computer. The sensor is capable of making continuous, real time quantitative measurements of desired elements, such as the heavy metals lead and mercury. The invention may be incorporated into a high temperature process device and implemented in situ for example, such as with a DC graphite electrode plasma arc furnace. The invention further provides a system for the elemental analysis of process streams by removing particulate and/or droplet samples therefrom and entraining such samples in the gas flow which passes through the plasma flame. Introduction of and entraining samples in the gas flow may be facilitated by a suction pump, regulating gas flow, gravity or combinations thereof.
摘要翻译：微波诱导等离子体在恶劣条件下进行连续，实时的微量元素监测。该传感器包括高功率微波能量源和由与微波能量源连通以产生等离子体的微波导电高温能耐火材料制成的短路波导。高功率波导被构造为在热的，恶劣的环境中是坚固的。它包括用于待分析气体通过的孔，并且连接光谱仪以接收来自等离子体的光。经费用于实时在线校准。光谱仪分散光，然后用计算机分析。传感器能够对所需元素进行连续的实时定量测量，如重金属铅和汞。本发明可以结合到高温工艺装置中并且例如用DC石墨电极等离子体电弧炉就地实现。本发明还提供了一种用于通过从其中除去颗粒和/或液滴样品并将这些样品夹带在通过等离子体火焰的气流中进行元素分析工艺流的系统。气流中的引入和夹带样品可以通过抽吸泵，调节气流，重力或其组合来促进。

3. 发明申请

WO2013055673A1 REFORMER ENHANCED ALCOHOL ENGINE 审中-公开
标题翻译：改装增强酒精发动机
公开(公告)号：WO2013055673A1
公开(公告)日：2013-04-18
申请号：PCT/US2012/059332
申请日：2012-10-09
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
发明人： COHN, Daniel, R. , BROMBERG, Leslie
IPC分类号： F02D19/08 , F02D19/06
CPC分类号： F02B43/04 , C01B3/366 , C01B2203/1217 , F02D19/0655 , F02D19/084 , Y02T10/32 , Y02T10/36
摘要： Reformer-enhanced alcohol engine system. The engine system includes a spark-ignited alcohol engine having a compression ratio in the range of 13-15 and includes a turbo charger or supercharger operatively connected to the engine to provide a pressure boost of at least about 2.5 times atmospheric pressure to cylinders of the engine. A source of alcohol is provided for injection into the engine. A reformer is provided including a low-temperature reforming catalyst in a heat transfer relation with exhaust gas from the engine and arranged to receive alcohol from the alcohol source for reforming the alcohol into a hydrogen-rich gas. Means are provided for injecting the hydrogen-rich gas into the engine and a knock sensor detects knock in the engine. A fuel management control unit is provided which is responsive to the knock sensor to apportion the ratio of alcohol injected into the engine to hydrogen-rich gas injected into the engine. The engine of the invention can provide a 15-25% efficiency gain in a methanol-fueled spark ignition engine relative to a diesel engine in a typical drive cycle.
摘要翻译：改良型酒精发动机系统。发动机系统包括具有在13-15范围内的压缩比的火花点燃酒精发动机，并且包括可操作地连接到发动机的涡轮增压器或增压器，以向气缸的气缸提供至少大约2.5倍的压力升压发动机。酒精提供用于注射到发动机中。提供了一种重整器，其包括与来自发动机的废气的传热关系的低温重整催化剂，并且被配置成从醇源接收醇以将醇重整成富氢气体。提供了用于将富氢气体注入发动机并且爆震传感器检测发动机爆震的装置。提供了一种燃料管理控制单元，其响应于爆震传感器以将注入发动机的醇的比例分配给注入发动机的富氢气体。本发明的发动机可以在典型的驱动循环中相对于柴油发动机在甲醇燃料的火花点火发动机中提供15-25％的效率增益。

4. 发明申请

WO2008036439A3 COMPACT HIGH PERFORMANCE CHEMICAL DETECTOR 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：WO2008036439A3
公开(公告)日：2008-03-27
申请号：PCT/US2007/068720
申请日：2007-05-11
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , BROMBERG, Leslie , COHN, Daniel, R.
发明人： BROMBERG, Leslie , COHN, Daniel, R.
IPC分类号： B01D59/44
摘要： Ion mobility spectrometer. The spectrometer includes an enclosed region having a gas with a selected chemical species contained therein. An energy source ionizes the gas and the chemical species. Spaced apart electrodes generate high frequency and DC electric fields across the enclosed region and circuitry is provided for generating voltage waveforms on the electrodes. The voltage waveforms include a symmetric RF field to minimize ion loss and to prevent clustering of the ions with water molecules during an ion buildup phase. A DC and asymmetric, non-uniform RF field is provided to separate and focus the ions in the region during an ion separation phase. Finally, a changing DC or RF field causes the ionized chemical species to move to the electrodes and read-out circuitry responds to current in the electrodes to indicate the presence and/or amount of the chemical species.

5. 发明申请

WO2003027005A1 PLASMATRON-CATALYST SYSTEM 审中-公开
标题翻译： PLASMATRON-催化剂体系
公开(公告)号：WO2003027005A1
公开(公告)日：2003-04-03
申请号：PCT/US2002/029409
申请日：2002-09-17
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , BROMBERG, Leslie , COHN, Daniel, R. , RABINOVICH, Alexander , ALEXEEV, Nikolai
发明人： BROMBERG, Leslie , COHN, Daniel, R. , RABINOVICH, Alexander , ALEXEEV, Nikolai
IPC分类号： B01J19/08
CPC分类号： B01J12/002 , B01D53/94 , B01J19/088 , B01J2219/0883 , B01J2219/0892 , B01J2219/0894 , C01B3/342 , C01B3/38 , C01B3/48 , C01B3/583 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0261 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/044 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0844 , C01B2203/0861 , C01B2203/0866 , C01B2203/142 , C01B2203/143 , C01B2203/1604 , C01B2203/80 , C10J2300/1238 , F01N3/0892 , F01N3/206 , F01N2240/28 , F01N2240/30 , F01N2610/04 , F02B3/06 , F02B25/12 , F02B43/10 , F02B51/00 , F02B51/04 , F02B2043/106 , H01M8/0612 , H01M8/0631 , H01M8/0662 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P20/52 , Y02T10/126 , Y02T10/32 , Y10S48/08
摘要： A plasmatron-catalyst system. The system generates hydrogen-rich gas and comprises a plasmatron (10) and at least one catalyst (22, 24, ..., 26) for receiving an output from the plasmatron to produce hydrogen-rich gas. In a preferred embodiment, the plasmatron receives as an imput air (14), fuel (16) and water/steam (18) for use in the reforming process. The system increases the hydrogen yield and decreases the amount of carbon monoxide.
摘要翻译：等离子管催化剂系统。该系统产生富氢气体并且包括等离子管（10）和至少一个用于接收来自等离子体发生器的输出以产生富氢气体的催化剂（22,24，...，26）。在优选实施例中，等离子体发生器接收用于重整过程的输入空气（14），燃料（16）和水/蒸汽（18）。该系统增加了氢气的产量并减少了一氧化碳的数量。

6. 发明申请

WO1995011442A1 CONTINUOUS, REAL TIME MICROWAVE PLASMA ELEMENT SENSOR 审中-公开
标题翻译：连续实时微波等离子体传感器
公开(公告)号：WO1995011442A1
公开(公告)日：1995-04-27
申请号：PCT/US1994012187
申请日：1994-10-24
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
发明人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , WOSKOV, Paul, P. , SMATLAK, Donna, L. , COHN, Daniel, R. , WITTLE, Kenneth, J. , TITUS, Charles, H.
IPC分类号： G01N21/73
CPC分类号： G01N21/73
摘要： Microwave-induced plasma for continuous, real time trace element monitoring under harsh and variable conditions. The sensor includes a source of high power microwave energy and a shorted waveguide made of a microwave conductive, refractory material communicating with the source of the microwave energy to generate a plasma. The high power waveguide is constructed to be robust in a hot, hostile environment. It includes an aperture for the passage of gases to be analyzed and a spectrometer is connected to receive light from the plasma. Provision is made for real time in situ calibration. The spectrometer disperses the light, which is then analyzed by a computer. The sensor is capable of making continuous, real time quantitative measurements of desired elements, such as the heavy metals lead and mercury.
摘要翻译：微波诱导等离子体在恶劣条件下进行连续，实时的微量元素监测。传感器包括高功率微波能量源和由与微波能量源连通以产生等离子体的微波导电耐火材料制成的短路波导。高功率波导被构造为在热的，恶劣的环境中是坚固的。它包括用于待分析气体通过的孔，并且连接光谱仪以接收来自等离子体的光。经费用于实时在线校准。光谱仪分散光，然后由计算机分析。传感器能够对所需元素进行连续的实时定量测量，如重金属铅和汞。

7. 发明申请

WO2006108076A2 OPTIMIZED FUEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR DIRECT INJECTION ETHANOL ENHANCEMENT OF GASOLINE ENGINES 审中-公开
标题翻译：汽油发动机直喷注入乙醇的优化燃油管理系统
公开(公告)号：WO2006108076A2
公开(公告)日：2006-10-12
申请号：PCT/US2006/012750
申请日：2006-04-06
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , BROMBERG, Leslie , COHN, Daniel, R. , HEYWOOD, John, B.
发明人： BROMBERG, Leslie , COHN, Daniel, R. , HEYWOOD, John, B.
IPC分类号： F02B77/04
CPC分类号： F02B47/04 , F02B17/005 , F02B51/00 , F02B2023/106 , F02B2023/108 , F02B2075/125 , F02D19/061 , F02D19/0655 , F02D19/0665 , F02D19/0671 , F02D19/0689 , F02D19/0692 , F02D19/0694 , F02D19/081 , F02D19/084 , F02D23/02 , F02D35/027 , F02D41/0007 , F02D41/0025 , F02M25/14 , Y02T10/123 , Y02T10/144 , Y02T10/148 , Y02T10/36
摘要： Fuel management system for enhanced operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder. It is preferred that the direct injection occur after the inlet valve is closed. It is also preferred that stoichiometric operation with a three way catalyst be used to minimize emissions. In addition, it is also preferred that the anti-knock agents have a heat of vaporization per unit of combustion energy that is at least three times that of gasoline.
摘要翻译：燃油管理系统，用于增强火花点火汽油发动机的运行。注射器将一种抗敲液剂如乙醇直接注入圆筒中。优选在进气阀关闭之后进行直接喷射。还优选使用三元催化剂的化学计量操作来最小化排放。此外，还优选的是，所述防爆剂的每单位燃烧能的蒸发热至少是汽油的三倍。

8. 发明申请

WO2003042521A2 HIGH COMPRESSION RATIO, HYDROGEN ENHANCED GASOLINE ENGINE SYSTEM 审中-公开
标题翻译：高压缩比，加氢汽油发动机系统
公开(公告)号：WO2003042521A2
公开(公告)日：2003-05-22
申请号：PCT/US2002/035623
申请日：2002-11-06
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , COHN, Daniel, R. , BROMBERG, Leslie , RABINOVICH, Alexander , HEYWOOD, John, B.
发明人： COHN, Daniel, R. , BROMBERG, Leslie , RABINOVICH, Alexander , HEYWOOD, John, B.
IPC分类号： F02D
CPC分类号： F02D41/005 , F02B1/12 , F02B43/10 , F02B47/04 , F02B51/00 , F02D19/0644 , F02D19/0671 , F02D19/081 , F02D35/027 , F02D41/0025 , F02D41/0027 , F02D41/3023 , F02D2250/36 , F02M25/10 , F02M26/13 , Y02T10/32 , Y02T10/36 , Y02T10/47 , Y10S123/12
摘要： A hydrogen enhanced gasoline engine system using high compression ratio is optimized to minimize NOx emissions, exhaust aftertreatment catalyst requirements, hydrogen requirements, engine efficiency and cost. In one mode of operation the engine is operated very lean (equivalence ratio O = 0.4 to 0.7) at lower levels of power. Very lean operation reduces NOx to very low levels. A control system is used to increase equivalence ratio at increased torque or power requirements while avoiding the knock that would be produced by high compression ratio operation. The increased equivalence ratio reduces the amount of hydrogen required to extend the lean limit in order to avoid misfire and increases torque and power. Reduced hydrogen requirements at high power can significantly reduce the cost and size of onboard hydrogen generator technology. Increased in-cylinder turbulence and stratified hydrogen injection can be used to minimize hydrogen requirements for operation at a given equivalence ratio value. In another embodiment, vehicle NOx emissions can be suppressed to low levels and knock can be prevented by use of hydrogen enhanced exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) at all power levels with stoichiometric operation and a 3-way exhaust aftertreatment catalyst. Alternatively, EGR can be used with lean operation to keep NOx at low levels while the equivalence ratio is increased to provide higher torque and power capability. The effect of reduced peak power due to charge dilution to avoid knock can be minimized by boosting, using turbocharging or supercharging.
摘要翻译：优化了使用高压缩比的氢气增强型汽油机系统，以最大限度地减少NOx排放，废气后处理催化剂要求，氢气需求，发动机效率和成本。在一种操作模式中，发动机在较低功率水平下运行非常稀薄（当量比O = 0.4至0.7）。非常精益操作将NOx降低到非常低的水平。控制系统用于在增加转矩或功率要求的同时提高当量比，同时避免由高压缩比操作产生的爆震。增加的当量比减少了扩大稀薄极限所需的氢气量，以避免失火并增加扭矩和功率。在大功率下降低氢气需求可显着降低机载氢发生器技术的成本和尺寸。可以使用增加的缸内湍流和分层氢气喷射来最小化在给定的当量比值下操作的氢气需求。在另一个实施方案中，车辆NOx排放可以被抑制到低水平，并且可以通过使用具有化学计量操作的所有功率水平的氢增强废气再循环（EGR）和三向排气后处理催化剂来防止爆震。或者，EGR可以用于稀薄运行，以将NOx保持在低水平，同时增加当量比以提供更高的扭矩和功率能力。通过使用涡轮增压或增压来升压，可以将由于充电稀释而引起的峰值功率降低以避免爆震的效果最小化。

9. 发明申请

WO1995006194A1 PLASMATRON-INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE SYSTEM 审中-公开
标题翻译： PLASMATRON内燃机系统
公开(公告)号：WO1995006194A1
公开(公告)日：1995-03-02
申请号：PCT/US1994009414
申请日：1994-08-18
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
发明人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , RABINOVICH, Alexander , COHN, Daniel, R. , BROMBERG, Leslie
IPC分类号： F02B43/10
CPC分类号： F02B43/10 , F02B1/04 , F02B2043/106 , F02M25/12 , Y02T10/121 , Y02T10/32 , Y10S123/12
摘要： Rotary power system. The system includes a source of hydrocarbon fuel which is supplied to a plasmatron which reforms the fuel into hydrogen-rich gas. An internal combustion engine is connected to receive the hydrogen-rich gas from the plasmatron. The engine powers an electrical generator and the generated electricity is connected to the plasmatron. In one embodiment, the engine also receives hydrocarbon fuel along with the hydrogen-rich gas. The combination of plasmatron and internal combustion engine results in lowered exhaust emissions. The plasmatron may include water plasmatrons and partial oxidation plasmatrons.
摘要翻译：旋转动力系统该系统包括烃燃料源，其供应给等离子体，其将燃料改质为富氢气体。连接内燃机以接收来自等离子体的富氢气体。发动机为发电机供电，并且所产生的电力连接到等离子体。在一个实施例中，发动机还与富氢气体一起接收烃燃料。等离子体和内燃机的组合导致废气排放降低。等离子体可以包括水等离子体和部分氧化等离子体。

10. 发明申请

WO2008036439A2 COMPACT HIGH PERFORMANCE CHEMICAL DETECTOR 审中-公开
标题翻译：紧凑的高性能化学检测器
公开(公告)号：WO2008036439A2
公开(公告)日：2008-03-27
申请号：PCT/US2007/068720
申请日：2007-05-11
申请人： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , BROMBERG, Leslie , COHN, Daniel, R.
发明人： BROMBERG, Leslie , COHN, Daniel, R.
IPC分类号： B01D59/44
CPC分类号： G01N27/624
摘要： Ion mobility spectrometer. The spectrometer includes an enclosed region having a gas with a selected chemical species contained therein. An energy source ionizes the gas and the chemical species. Spaced apart electrodes generate high frequency and DC electric fields across the enclosed region and circuitry is provided for generating voltage waveforms on the electrodes. The voltage waveforms include a symmetric RF field to minimize ion loss and to prevent clustering of the ions with water molecules during an ion buildup phase. A DC and asymmetric, non-uniform RF field is provided to separate and focus the ions in the region during an ion separation phase. Finally, a changing DC or RF field causes the ionized chemical species to move to the electrodes and read-out circuitry responds to current in the electrodes to indicate the presence and/or amount of the chemical species.
摘要翻译：离子迁移谱仪。光谱仪包括具有包含其中选择的化学物质的气体的封闭区域。能量源使气体和化学物质离子化。隔开的电极在封闭区域产生高频和直流电场，并且提供用于在电极上产生电压波形的电路。电压波形包括对称RF场，以最小化离子损失，并防止在离子累积阶段期间离子与水分子的聚集。提供DC和非对称的不均匀RF场以在离子分离阶段期间分离和聚焦该区域中的离子。最后，变化的DC或RF场导致电离化学物质移动到电极，并且读出电路对电极中的电流进行响应以指示化学物质的存在和/或量。

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