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1. 发明申请

WO2012110764A1 COMPACT CUMULATIVE BIT CURVES 审中-公开
标题翻译：紧凑的累积位曲线
公开(公告)号：WO2012110764A1
公开(公告)日：2012-08-23
申请号：PCT/GB2012/000160
申请日：2012-02-16
申请人： BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY , NILSSON, Michael, Erling , TURNBULL, Rory, Stewart , APPLEBY, Stephen, Clifford , CRABTREE, Ian, Barry
发明人： NILSSON, Michael, Erling , TURNBULL, Rory, Stewart , APPLEBY, Stephen, Clifford , CRABTREE, Ian, Barry
IPC分类号： H04N7/24
CPC分类号： H04N19/00169 , H04N7/12 , H04N19/146 , H04N21/23424 , H04N21/234327 , H04N21/23439 , H04N21/2381 , H04N21/44016 , H04N21/44209 , H04N21/6373 , H04N21/8456
摘要： Embodiments of the present invention provide a compact representation of a cumulative bit curve formed from piecewise straight line approximations between upper and lower bounds about an actual cumulative bit curve (CBC). In one embodiment the lower bounds are found by applying a constraint such that if a delivery rate was to be calculated using the count at the lower bound it would result in a delivery rate which was greater than the delivery rate that would be calculated using the actual CBC data by a particular amount, for example 10 %. The actual CBC data is then used as an upper bound. As a result, the approximated CBC will lie for each GoP between the actual CBC value and the lower bound, with the result that one can be certain that any data rate that is calculated using the approximation will be at least as high as a data rate that is calculated using the actual CBC data. In terms of line- fitting algorithms that are used, several different algorithms may be used of differing complexities, with the intention of trying to minimise the number of end-points required of within the piecewise approximation.
摘要翻译：本发明的实施例提供了一种由关于实际累积位曲线（CBC）的上下界之间的分段直线逼近形成的累积位曲线的紧凑表示。在一个实施方案中，通过应用约束来发现下限，使得如果使用下限的计数来计算递送率，则将导致递送率大于使用实际值计算的递送率 CBC数据按特定数量，例如10％。然后将实际的CBC数据用作上限。因此，近似的CBC将适用于实际CBC值和下限之间的每个GoP，结果可以确定使用近似计算的任何数据速率将至少与数据速率一样高这是使用实际的CBC数据计算的。在所使用的线拟合算法方面，可以使用不同复杂度的几种不同的算法，其目的是试图使分段近似中所需的端点的数量最小化。

2. 发明申请

WO2010100427A8 VIDEO STREAMING 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：WO2010100427A8
公开(公告)日：2010-09-10
申请号：PCT/GB2010/000390
申请日：2010-03-04
申请人： BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS public limited company , NILSSON, Michael, Erling , TURNBULL, Rory, Stewart , CRABTREE, Ian, Barry , APPLEBY, Stephen, Clifford , MULROY, Patrick, Joseph , HOARE, Steve
发明人： NILSSON, Michael, Erling , TURNBULL, Rory, Stewart , CRABTREE, Ian, Barry , APPLEBY, Stephen, Clifford , MULROY, Patrick, Joseph , HOARE, Steve
IPC分类号： H04N7/26 , H04N7/30
摘要： A video sequence to be encoded is divided into a plurality of temporal portions, and analysed to determine (at least for each portion after the first), in accordance with a plurality of encoding quality settings, (i) a quality metric for the portion and (ii) the number of bits generated by encoding the portion at that quality setting. These data are analysed, for example using a Viterbi-like trellis, to choose a set of quality settings, one per portion, that tends to minimise a combined quality cost for the sequence. This the combined quality cost is the sum of individual quality costs each of which is a function of the quality metric of the respective encoded portion. The sequence is encoded using the chosen quality settings. In order to determine each individual quality cost, despite not knowing precisely what network throughput will be available at any given time in the future, one proceeds by estimating receiver buffer fullness and its standard deviation. From said estimates, the probability of buffer underflow and or overflow is obtained, the individual quality costs being a function also of the underflow and/or overflow probability.

3. 发明申请

WO2010092327A2 VIDEO STREAMING 审中-公开
标题翻译：视频流
公开(公告)号：WO2010092327A2
公开(公告)日：2010-08-19
申请号：PCT/GB2010/000217
申请日：2010-02-05
申请人： BRITISH TELECTOMMUNICATIONS public limited company , NILSSON, Michael, Erling , TURNBULL, Rory, Stewart , CRABTREE, Ian, Barry , APLLEBY, Stephen, Clifford , MULROY, Patrick, Joseph
发明人： NILSSON, Michael, Erling , TURNBULL, Rory, Stewart , CRABTREE, Ian, Barry , APLLEBY, Stephen, Clifford , MULROY, Patrick, Joseph
IPC分类号： H04L29/06 , H04N7/26 , H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L12/5695 , H04L47/10 , H04L47/38 , H04L47/70 , H04L47/801 , H04L47/822 , H04L47/826 , H04L65/602 , H04L65/80
摘要： A video sequence is to be transmitted at a selectable quality from a server over a network. A network control protocol operates in response to a control parameter to allocate to the server a share of available transmission capacity in proportion to the value of the control parameter. First, one determines a plurality of transmission rate values that are needed over successive time periods of the sequence for successful transmission of the sequence at a reference quality; then the control parameter is set, proportional to the transmission rate value and communicated to the control protocol at corresponding time instants. The sequences can then be transmitted, encoded at a quality from time to time selected in dependence upon the actual transmission capacity made available by the network to the server.
摘要翻译：以可选择的质量通过网络从服务器发送视频序列。网络控制协议响应于控制参数而操作，以与控制参数的值成比例地分配给服务器可用传输容量的份额。首先，确定在序列的连续时间段中以参考质量成功传输序列所需的多个传输速率值; 然后将控制参数设置为与传输速率值成比例，并在相应的时刻传达给控制协议。然后可以按照根据网络向服务器提供的实际传输容量不时选择的质量来传输，编码序列。

4. 发明申请

WO2006129059A1 VIDEO SIGNAL LOSS DETECTION 审中-公开
标题翻译：视频信号丢失检测
公开(公告)号：WO2006129059A1
公开(公告)日：2006-12-07
申请号：PCT/GB2006/001855
申请日：2006-05-19
申请人： BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY , NILSSON, Michael Erling , TURNBULL, Rory Stewart , ALVAREZ AREVALO, Roberto
发明人： NILSSON, Michael Erling , TURNBULL, Rory Stewart , ALVAREZ AREVALO, Roberto
IPC分类号： H04N17/00
CPC分类号： H04N17/004
摘要： Faults resulting in reception of a still, but unknown, frame are recognised by comparing each received frame of the video signal with its predecessor, incrementing a counter in the event that the difference between the frames falls below a threshold; and generating an alarm signal in the event that the count of the counter exceeds a predetermined count. Other types of fault such as loss of signal (i.e. reception of just noise) are recognised by incrementing the counter whenever the difference exceeds a threshold. Similar results may be obtained by instead the monitoring quantisation step size and/or number of transmitted bits of a digitally coded signal, and noting that it falls below, or exceeds, a threshold. A preferred option is to compute a complexity measure, being a monotonically increasing function (e.g. the product) of the quantisation step size and of the number of coded bits and compare this with the threshold value. Faults occasioned by receipt of a particular fixed image instead of the wanted picture are recognised by comparing each frame of the video signal with the fixed image, and generating an alarm signal in the event that the difference between the frames consistently falls below a threshold.
摘要翻译：通过将视频信号的每个接收帧与其前身进行比较来识别导致仍然但未知的帧的接收的故障，在帧之间的差异低于阈值的情况下增加计数器; 并且在计数器的计数超过预定计数的情况下产生报警信号。当差异超过阈值时，通过增加计数器来识别其它类型的故障，例如信号的丢失（即仅接收噪声）。可以通过监视数字编码信号的发送位的量化步长和/或数量，并注意到其下降或超过阈值来获得类似的结果。优选的选择是计算复杂性度量，其是量化步长和编码比特数的单调递增函数（例如乘积），并将其与阈值进行比较。通过将视频信号的每个帧与固定图像进行比较来识别通过接收到特定固定图像而不是所需图像而产生的故障，并且在帧之间的差异始终低于阈值的情况下产生报警信号。

5. 发明申请

WO2006082378A1 MOTION ESTIMATOR 审中-公开
标题翻译：运动估计
公开(公告)号：WO2006082378A1
公开(公告)日：2006-08-10
申请号：PCT/GB2006/000297
申请日：2006-01-27
申请人： BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY , NILSSON, Michael, Erling
发明人： NILSSON, Michael, Erling
IPC分类号： H04N7/26 , H04N7/50
CPC分类号： H04N19/567 , H04N19/523 , H04N19/533 , H04N19/61
摘要： An initial estimate (u,v) of a motion vector, e.g. to integer-pixel accuracy, is made (102) and a measure (E) (such as the sum of absolute differences) indicative of the goodness of match obtained using the respective motion vector is generated (103) in respect of the initial estimate motion vector and a plurality of other vectors in the vicinity thereof. The estimate is refined by estimating (108), from these measures, measures (CurrentE) in respect of vectors having intervening values (e.g. sub-integer pixel values), using a process of non-linear interpolation (such as fitting a quadratic surface); the measures are then compared (111) to determine which, of the initial estimate motion vector and the estimated intervening vectors, is superior.
摘要翻译：运动矢量的初始估计（u，v），例如，（102），并且生成表示使用各个运动矢量获得的匹配的良好度的度量（例如绝对差的和）（103）关于初始估计运动（103）向量和其附近的多个其他向量。通过使用非线性插值（例如拟合二次曲面）的处理，通过估计（108）从这些测量，具有中间值的矢量（例如，亚整数像素值）的测量（CurrentE）来估计（108） ; 然后对这些措施进行比较（111），以确定初始估计运动矢量和估计中间矢量中的哪一个是优越的。

6. 发明申请

WO0245372A2 TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING REAL-TIME DATA 审中-公开
标题翻译：发送和接收实时数据
公开(公告)号：WO0245372A2
公开(公告)日：2002-06-06
申请号：PCT/GB0105246
申请日：2001-11-28
申请人： BRITISH TELECOMM , WALKER MATTHEW DAVID , JACOBS RICHARD JAMES , NILSSON MICHAEL ERLING
发明人： WALKER MATTHEW DAVID , JACOBS RICHARD JAMES , NILSSON MICHAEL ERLING
IPC分类号： H04N7/32 , H04L13/08 , H04L29/06 , H04N7/24 , H04L29/00
CPC分类号： H04L65/607 , H04L29/06027 , H04L65/1083 , H04L65/80 , H04N21/23406 , H04N21/23439 , H04N21/2402 , H04N21/4384 , H04N21/44209 , H04N21/47202 , H04N21/6373 , H04N21/6375 , H04N21/64322
摘要： The invention concerns streaming real-time data (e.g. video) over packet networks (e.g. the Internet). Conventionally, in packet networks, in order to view streamed video data a reservoir of data is built up to reduce the effect of jitter, caused by variations in the inter-arrival times of packets of data. Consequently, a delay is experienced before the video material can be viewed as the reservoir is filled. The invention is concerned with providing streamed video without the start-up delay by transmitting data from a video streamer to the video viewer more rapidly than the video viewer consumes the data and using the excess data to build a buffer at the video viewer. When a suitable sized buffer is built the transmission rate of data to the buffer may be reduced. In order to deliver the best quality material for the available bandwidth, the supply of video data may be switched to a higher bit-rate source when the reservoir is filled. Fluctuations in network throughput may be accommodated during the transmission of data on a fine scale by adjusting the transmission rate of the data and on a coarse scale by switching between data streams encoded at different bit-rates. Fluctuations in network throughput are determined by counting the number of missing packets at the video viewer which information may then be fed back to the video streamer to adjust the flow of data accordingly.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及通过分组网络（例如因特网）的流式实时数据（例如视频）。通常，在分组网络中，为了观看流式视频数据，建立数据库以减少由数据分组的到达间隔时间的变化引起的抖动的影响。因此，在视频资料可被视为储存器被填充之前经历延迟。本发明涉及通过比视频观看者消费数据更快地从视频流传输器向视频观看者传输数据并使用过量数据在视频观看者处建立缓冲器来提供没有启动延迟的流传输视频。当建立合适大小的缓冲器时，可以减少到缓冲器的数据传输速率。为了为可用带宽提供最佳质量的素材，视频数据的供应可以在储存器填满时切换到更高比特率的源。通过调整数据的传输速率以及通过在以不同比特率编码的数据流之间进行切换而在粗尺度上进行数据传输，可以适应网络吞吐量的波动。网络吞吐量的波动是通过计数视频查看器中丢失的数据包的数量来确定的，该数据然后可以被反馈给视频流转器以相应地调整数据流。

7. 发明申请

WO2012042230A8 CONTENT DELIVERY 审中-公开
标题翻译：内容交付
公开(公告)号：WO2012042230A8
公开(公告)日：2012-12-27
申请号：PCT/GB2011001436
申请日：2011-09-30
申请人： BRITISH TELECOMM , APPLEBY STEPHEN CLIFFORD , CRABTREE IAN BARRY , NILSSON MICHAEL ERLING , TURNBULL RORY STEWART
发明人： APPLEBY STEPHEN CLIFFORD , CRABTREE IAN BARRY , NILSSON MICHAEL ERLING , TURNBULL RORY STEWART
IPC分类号： H04L29/06
CPC分类号： H04L65/607 , H04L65/4084
摘要： A method for providing equitable media streaming between an HTTP server and a number of receivers via shared network. The streaming data is processed to split the data across a number of sub-streams. Each sub-stream contains non-contiguous data. A receiver requesting the streaming media establishes a number of TCP sessions, one for each sub-stream and the received sub-stream data is reassembled at the receiver so that the streaming media can be presented.
摘要翻译：一种通过共享网络在HTTP服务器和多个接收器之间提供公平媒体流的方法。处理流数据以在多个子流上分割数据。每个子流都包含非连续的数据。请求流媒体的接收器建立多个TCP会话，每个子流一个，并且在接收器处重新组装接收到的子流数据，以便可以呈现流媒体。

8. 发明申请

WO2012085504A1 A METHOD FOR DELIVERING VIDEO CONTENT ENCODED AT ONE OR MORE QUALITY LEVELS OVER A DATA NETWORK 审中-公开
标题翻译：一种在数据网络中传送一个或多个质量级别的视频内容的方法
公开(公告)号：WO2012085504A1
公开(公告)日：2012-06-28
申请号：PCT/GB2011/001742
申请日：2011-12-20
申请人： BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS public limited company , NILSSON, Michael, Erling , APPLEBY, Stephen, Clifford , TURNBULL, Rory, Stewart , CRABTREE, Ian, Barry
发明人： NILSSON, Michael, Erling , APPLEBY, Stephen, Clifford , TURNBULL, Rory, Stewart , CRABTREE, Ian, Barry
IPC分类号： H04L12/56 , H04N7/26 , H04L29/06 , H04N21/2343
CPC分类号： H04N21/26208 , H04L47/38 , H04L47/801 , H04L47/822 , H04L65/4084 , H04L65/4092 , H04L65/602 , H04L65/80 , H04N19/146 , H04N19/154 , H04N19/177 , H04N19/18 , H04N21/23439 , H04N21/23805 , H04N21/2401 , H04N21/25833 , H04N21/25858 , H04N21/64738 , H04N21/64769
摘要： A client device receives streamed encoded content data, such as encoded video data, which has been encoded at a constant perceptual quality. Several different versions of the content are available to be streamed to the device, at different perceptual quality levels. In order to decide which quality level to request from a content server at intervals the device calculates the delivery rates that would be required for each level of quality. The calculation of the delivery levels is made in dependence on whether the actual delivery rate that has been received so far is greater than or less than a constant bit rate delivery schedule that decreases monotonically but which guarantees to deliver the encoded data in a timely manner such that no buffer underflow and interruption of reproduction takes place. The monotonically decreasing bit rate schedule is defined by one or more "critical points", which are the points at which the bit rates are decreased, and correspond to the points where the delivery schedule is just equal to the decoding schedule of the encoded data. At such points there would be no encoded data in a buffer at the client. If the delivery rate has been greater than the constant bit rate schedule for a quality then the delivery rate required going forward for a particular quality level can be calculated from the critical point information, and no more complicated calculation is required.
摘要翻译：客户端设备接收已经以恒定感知质量编码的流编码内容数据，例如编码视频数据。在不同的感知质量水平下，可以将多种不同版本的内容流式传输到设备。为了从内容服务器间隔决定要求哪个质量等级，设备会计算每个质量级别所需的传送速率。交付水平的计算取决于目前已经收到的实际交货率是否大于或小于单调减少但是保证以及时方式递送编码数据的恒定比特率传送计划没有发生缓冲区下溢和中断再现。单调递减的比特率调度由一个或多个“临界点”定义，其是比特率降低的点，并且对应于传送调度恰好等于编码数据的解码调度的点。在这样的点上，在客户端的缓冲器中将不存在编码数据。如果传送速率大于质量的恒定比特率调度，则可以从临界点信息计算特定质量水平所需的传送速率，并且不需要更复杂的计算。

9. 发明申请

WO2010100427A1 VIDEO STREAMING 审中-公开
标题翻译：视频流
公开(公告)号：WO2010100427A1
公开(公告)日：2010-09-10
申请号：PCT/GB2010000390
申请日：2010-03-04
申请人： BRITISH TELECOMM , NILSSON MICHAEL ERLING , TURNBULL RORY STEWART , CRABTREE IAN BARRY , APPLEBY STEPHEN CLIFFORD , MULROY PATRICK JOSEPH , HOARE STEVE
发明人： NILSSON MICHAEL ERLING , TURNBULL RORY STEWART , CRABTREE IAN BARRY , APPLEBY STEPHEN CLIFFORD , MULROY PATRICK JOSEPH , HOARE STEVE
IPC分类号： H04N7/26 , H04N7/30
CPC分类号： H04N19/177 , H04N19/126 , H04N19/147 , H04N19/15 , H04N19/152 , H04N19/164 , H04N19/61
摘要： A video sequence to be encoded is divided into a plurality of temporal portions, and analysed to determine (at least for each portion after the first), in accordance with a plurality of encoding quality settings, (i) a quality metric for the portion and (ii) the number of bits generated by encoding the portion at that quality setting. These data are analysed, for example using a Viterbi-like trellis, to choose a set of quality settings, one per portion, that tends to minimise a combined quality cost for the sequence. This the combined quality cost is the sum of individual quality costs each of which is a function of the quality metric of the respective encoded portion. The sequence is encoded using the chosen quality settings. In order to determine each individual quality cost, despite not knowing precisely what network throughput will be available at any given time in the future, one proceeds by estimating receiver buffer fullness and its standard deviation. From said estimates, the probability of buffer underflow and or overflow is obtained, the individual quality costs being a function also of the underflow and/or overflow probability.
摘要翻译：要编码的视频序列被划分为多个时间部分，并且根据多个编码质量设置进行分析以确定（至少对于第一个之后的每个部分），（i）该部分的质量度量，以及（ii）通过对该质量设置处的部分进行编码而产生的比特数。分析这些数据，例如使用类似维特比的网格来选择一组质量设置，每一部分趋向于使序列的组合质量成本最小化。这样，组合质量成本是每个质量成本的总和，每个质量成本是相应编码部分的质量度量的函数。序列使用所选的质量设置进行编码。为了确定每个单独的质量成本，尽管不知道将来在任何给定时间内什么网络吞吐量将可用，但是通过估计接收器缓冲器充满度及其标准偏差来进行。从所述估计，获得缓冲器下溢和溢出的概率，个体质量成本也是下溢和/或溢出概率的函数。

10. 发明申请

WO2010092323A2 DATA TRANSMISSION 审中-公开
标题翻译：数据传输
公开(公告)号：WO2010092323A2
公开(公告)日：2010-08-19
申请号：PCT/GB2010/000163
申请日：2010-02-01
申请人： BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS public limited compan , TURNBULL, Rory, Stewart , NILSSON, Michael, Erling , CRABTREE, Ian, Barry , HOARE, Steve , MULROY, Patrick, Joseph
发明人： TURNBULL, Rory, Stewart , NILSSON, Michael, Erling , CRABTREE, Ian, Barry , HOARE, Steve , MULROY, Patrick, Joseph
IPC分类号： H04L29/06 , H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L65/80 , H04L47/10 , H04L47/122 , H04L47/17
摘要： There is proposed a modification to the ECN protocol to remove the one-to-one relationship between the network signalling congestion and the sender response to that congestion. The result is to allow a receiver terminal to exhibit some control of bandwidth share relative to other receiver terminals. The idea is to filter the congestion experienced (CE) markings arriving at a receiver such that they do not correspond directly with the setting of the ECN echo (ECE) flag in acknowledgement packets sent back to the sender. In particular, the idea is to skip a specific number of CE markings such that fewer than normal acknowledgement packets with ECE flags set are sent back to the sender. This gives the receiver some control over the frequency of congestion window reduction (CWR) events at the sender and thus exhibit some control on the transmission rate from the sender.
摘要翻译：提出了对ECN协议的修改以消除网络信令拥塞与对该拥塞的发送者响应之间的一对一关系。结果是允许接收机终端相对于其他接收机终端表现出对带宽共享的一些控制。这个想法是对到达接收机的拥塞经验（CE）标记进行过滤，使得它们不直接与发送回发送方的确认分组中的ECN回显（ECE）标志的设置相对应。特别地，该思想是跳过特定数量的CE标记，使得具有设置ECE标志的正常的确认分组的发送回发送给发送方。这给接收机一些控制发送方拥塞窗口缩减（CWR）事件的频率，从而对发送方的传输速率进行一些控制。

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