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    • 4. 发明申请
    • LOCALIZATION OF A BRAIN NETWORK ASSOCIATED WITH SUSTAINED CHRONIC PAIN
    • 与持续慢性疼痛相关的脑网络的本地化
    • WO2012048247A2
    • 2012-04-12
    • PCT/US2011/055408
    • 2011-10-07
    • DECHARMS, Christopher, R.
    • DECHARMS, Christopher, R.
    • G06Q50/24
    • G06F19/322A61B5/055A61B5/4824G01R33/4806G16H10/60
    • Despite research progress identifying brain mechanisms mediating the experience of pain, our understanding of chronic pain lags behind experimentally-induced pain, largely because paradigms for studying the mechanisms of chronic pain have been limited. Here, we present a novel paradigm in which patients increase their own chronic pain experience by tensing the muscles surrounding their pain site, producing pain similar to that experienced during everyday muscle use. A broad sample of chronic pain patients report increased pain severity while tensing their pain site, and their pain remains elevated following tensing when the patients are no longer performing an overt task, mimicking sustained pain in their everyday experience. When patients perform this task during fMRI scanning, increased activation is observed throughout the 'pain matrix' including the thalamus and regions of insular, somatosensory, cingulate, prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices. Following the termination of muscle tensing, pain remains elevated as reported using continuous quantitative pain ratings, and fMRI activation similarly remains elevated in anterior insular, cingulate, and somatosensory cortices. Activation in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex is linearly correlated with patients' pain ratings during the tensing period. Only the right anterior insula shows a correlation between activation and pain ratings during sustained pain. The activation pattern observed is similar when subjects repeat the task without providing continuous pain ratings. These results delineate brain regions mediating the perception of chronic pain, rather than acute experimental pain and provide a new approach to examining brain mechanisms of this disease.
    • 尽管研究进展确定脑机制介导疼痛的经验,但我们对慢性疼痛的理解落后于实验诱导的疼痛,主要是因为研究慢性疼痛机制的范式受到限制。 在这里,我们提出了一个新颖的范例,患者通过张开其疼痛部位周围的肌肉来增加自己的慢性疼痛体验,产生类似于日常肌肉使用过程中的疼痛。 慢性疼痛患者的广泛样本报告疼痛严重程度增加,同时张紧其疼痛部位,并且当患者不再执行明显的任务,模仿他们日常生活中的持续疼痛时,它们的疼痛在紧张后仍然升高。 当患者在fMRI扫描期间执行此任务时,在整个“疼痛矩阵”中观察到增加的活化,包括丘脑和岛状,躯体感觉,扣带,前额叶和眶额叶皮质的区域。 在肌肉紧张终止后,如使用连续定量疼痛评分所报道的,疼痛保持升高,并且在前岛,扣带和躯体感觉皮层中,fMRI激活同样保持升高。 背侧前扣带皮质的激活与张力期患者的疼痛评分呈线性关系。 只有正确的前额叶在持续疼痛期间显示活化和疼痛评分之间的相关性。 当受试者重复任务而不提供持续的疼痛评分时,观察到的激活模式是相似的。 这些结果描绘了大脑区域介导慢性疼痛的感觉,而不是急性实验性疼痛,并提供了一种检查这种疾病的脑机制的新方法。
    • 10. 发明申请
    • DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF TISSUE-INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES
    • 组织浸润淋巴细胞的检测和测量
    • WO2013090469A1
    • 2013-06-20
    • PCT/US2012/069310
    • 2012-12-12
    • SEQUENTA, INC.FAHAM, MalekKLINGER, Mark
    • FAHAM, MalekKLINGER, Mark
    • C12Q1/68
    • C12Q1/6881C12Q1/06G01N33/5091G01N33/5094
    • The present invention is drawn to methods for measuring numbers, levels, and/or ratios of cells, such as lymphocytes, infiltrated into a solid tissue, such as a tumor or a tissue affected by an autoimmune disease, and to methods for making patient prognoses based on such measurements. In one aspect, methods of the invention comprise sorting lymphocytes from an accessible tissue, such as peripheral blood, into functional subsets, such as cytotoxic T cells and regulatory T cells, and generating clonotype profiles of each subset. An inaccessible disease- affected tissue is sampled and one or more clonotype profiles are generated. From the latter clonotype profiles, levels lymphocytes in each of the functional subsets are determined in the disease-affected tissue by their clonotypes, which are identified from lymphocytes sorted into subsets from the accessible tissue.
    • 本发明涉及用于测量浸润到固体组织例如肿瘤或受自身免疫性疾病影响的组织的细胞例如淋巴细胞的数量,水平和/或比率的方法,以及用于产生患者预后的方法 基于这样的测量。 在一个方面,本发明的方法包括将淋巴细胞从诸如外周血的可及组织分选成功能性亚类,例如细胞毒性T细胞和调节性T细胞,以及产生每个子集的克隆型谱。 对不能接近的疾病影响的组织进行采样,并产生一个或多个克隆型谱。 从后一种克隆型谱中,通过其克隆型在疾病影响组织中测定每个功能亚类中的淋巴细胞水平,所述克隆型从从可及组织分类为亚群的淋巴细胞中鉴定。