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1. 发明授权

US09193926B2 Fuel compositions and methods based on biomass pyrolysis 有权
标题翻译：基于生物质热解的燃料组成和方法
公开(公告)号：US09193926B2
公开(公告)日：2015-11-24
申请号：US12969263
申请日：2010-12-15
申请人： Tom N. Kalnes
发明人： Tom N. Kalnes
IPC分类号： C10L1/00 , C10L1/18 , C10L1/02 , C10B53/02 , C10C5/00 , C10G1/02 , C10G1/06 , C10G1/08 , C10L1/182 , C10G3/00 , C10L1/16
CPC分类号： C10L1/023 , C10B53/02 , C10C5/00 , C10G1/02 , C10G1/06 , C10G1/08 , C10G3/42 , C10G3/50 , C10G2300/1014 , C10G2300/104 , C10G2300/202 , C10G2300/301 , C10G2300/305 , C10G2300/4043 , C10G2400/02 , C10G2400/04 , C10G2400/08 , C10L1/1616 , C10L1/18 , C10L1/1824 , C10L2200/0423 , C10L2200/0469 , C10L2290/02 , Y02E50/14 , Y02E50/32 , Y02P20/145 , Y02P30/10 , Y02P30/20
摘要： Fuel compositions exhibiting reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, based on a lifecycle assessment from the time of cultivation of feedstocks (in the case of plant materials) or extraction of feedstocks (in the case of fossil fuels) required for the compositions (up to and including the ultimate combustion of the fuel composition by the end user) are disclosed. The reduced level of emissions (“carbon footprint”) is achieved by incorporating a pyrolysis derived component having a higher heating value than ethanol and meeting other applicable standards for fossil fuel (e.g., petroleum) derived components conventionally used for the same purpose, such as transportation fuels. Advantageously, fuel compositions comprising pyrolysis derived gasoline can exhibit lower GHG emissions than gasoline derived solely from petroleum, or even conventional blends of petroleum derived gasoline and ethanol.
摘要翻译：基于从原料（在植物材料的情况下）培养或提取组合物所需的原料（在化石燃料的情况下）的生命周期评估，燃料组合物显示减少的温室气体（GHG）排放量（直到并且包括最终用户对燃料组合物的最终燃烧）。降低的排放水平（“碳足迹”）通过引入具有比乙醇更高的热值的热解衍生组分并满足通常用于相同目的的化石燃料（例如，石油）衍生组分的其它适用标准来实现，例如运输燃料。有利地，包含热解衍生的汽油的燃料组合物可以比仅由石油衍生的汽油或甚至石油衍生的汽油和乙醇的常规共混物表现出较低的温室气体排放。

2. 发明授权

US08986507B2 Continuously converting biomass 有权
标题翻译：不断转换生物质
公开(公告)号：US08986507B2
公开(公告)日：2015-03-24
申请号：US13266748
申请日：2010-03-10
申请人： Bernd Schottdorf
发明人： Bernd Schottdorf
IPC分类号： C10B33/00 , C10B39/02 , C10B49/06 , C10B53/02 , C10C5/00 , C10L5/44
CPC分类号： C10B39/02 , C10B49/06 , C10B53/02 , C10C5/00 , C10L5/447 , Y02E50/10 , Y02E50/14 , Y02E50/30 , Y02P20/145
摘要： Methods, devices and systems for continuously converting biomass are described herein. A device has a feed section for holding a moving bed of biomass, namely wood, having a drying section, a flame zone for degassing, and a, smolder zone for carbonizing the biomass into a solid converted product, namely charcoal. The device includes a tank for collecting the solid converted product arranged below a grate and coupled with the feed section in a gas-tight manner. The system comprising the device, a biogas plant and/or a combined heat and power plant conveys the liquid converted product, namely pyroligneous acid or acetic acid, to the biogas plant and/or the solid converted product, namely charcoal, to the combined heat and power plant.
摘要翻译：本文描述了用于连续转化生物质的方法，装置和系统。装置具有用于保持生物质的移动床的进料部分，即具有干燥部分，用于脱气的火焰区域的木材，以及用于将生物质碳化为固体转化产物（即木炭）的闷燃区域。该装置包括用于收集布置在炉排下方的固体转化产物并与供气部分以气密方式联接的罐。包括装置，沼气设备和/或组合的热电厂的系统将液体转化产物即木酚酸或乙酸输送到沼气工厂和/或固体转化产物，即木炭，转化为组合热和发电厂。

3. 发明授权

US08821692B2 Method for the rapid pyrolysis of lignocellulose 有权
标题翻译：木质纤维素快速热解的方法
公开(公告)号：US08821692B2
公开(公告)日：2014-09-02
申请号：US12063516
申请日：2006-06-22
申请人： Edmund Henrich , Friedhelm Weirich , Eckhard Dinjus
发明人： Edmund Henrich , Friedhelm Weirich , Eckhard Dinjus
IPC分类号： C10B49/16 , C10B53/02 , C10B49/20 , C10C5/00
CPC分类号： C10B49/16 , C10B49/20 , C10B53/02 , C10C5/00 , Y02E50/14 , Y02P20/129
摘要： Method for fast pyrolysis of lignocellulose including: mechanically comminuting the lignocellulose to lignocellulose particles; at least one of completely drying and preheating the lignocellulose particles; mixing the lignocellulose particles with heat transfer particles so as to provide a mixture; heating the heat transfer particles, prior to the mixing, to a temperature between 500° C. and 650° C.; and heating, in a pyrolysis reactor with oxygen excluded, the lignocellulose particles using the heat transfer particles so as to establish a temperature between 400° C. and 600° C. for 1 to 50 seconds and so as to react the lignocellulose particles so as to provide pyrolysis coke, pyrolysis condensate, and pyrolysis gas.
摘要翻译：木质纤维素快速热解的方法，包括：将木质纤维素机械粉碎成木质纤维素颗粒; 完全干燥和预热木质纤维素颗粒中的至少一种; 将木质纤维素颗粒与传热颗粒混合以提供混合物; 在混合之前将传热颗粒加热至500℃至650℃之间的温度; 并在除去氧气的热解反应器中加热使用传热颗粒的木质纤维素颗粒，以便在400℃和600℃之间建立1至50秒的温度，以使木质纤维素颗粒反应，以便提供热解焦炭，热解冷凝物和裂解气。

4. 发明授权

US06869455B2 Carbon foam abrasives 有权
公开(公告)号：US06869455B2
公开(公告)日：2005-03-22
申请号：US10068074
申请日：2002-02-05
申请人： Darren Kenneth Rogers , Janusz Wladyslaw Plucinski
发明人： Darren Kenneth Rogers , Janusz Wladyslaw Plucinski
IPC分类号： C03C19/00 , C04B38/00 , C09K3/14 , C10C5/00
CPC分类号： C04B38/00 , C03C19/00 , C04B38/0022 , C09K3/14 , Y10T428/30 , Y10T428/31815 , C04B35/52 , C04B35/56
摘要： The incorporation or blending of from about 1 to about 10% by volume of a “carbide precursor” powder, preferably on the order of

5. 发明授权

US06860910B2 Carbon foam abrasives 失效
标题翻译：碳泡沫磨料
公开(公告)号：US06860910B2
公开(公告)日：2005-03-01
申请号：US09976425
申请日：2001-10-12
申请人： Darren Kenneth Rogers , Janusz Wladyslaw Plucinski
发明人： Darren Kenneth Rogers , Janusz Wladyslaw Plucinski
IPC分类号： C04B38/00 , C09C1/68 , C09K3/14 , C10C5/00
CPC分类号： C09K3/14 , C04B38/00 , Y10T428/30 , Y10T428/31815 , C04B35/52 , C04B35/56 , C04B38/0022 , C04B35/522
摘要： The incorporation or blending of from about 1 to about 10% by volume of a “carbide precursor” powder, preferably on the order of
摘要翻译：约1至约10体积％的“碳化物前体”粉末，优选约100微米尺寸的煤颗粒起始材料并随后生产根据本文所述的方法产生碳发泡体，其在阴极射线管的制造中表现出显着提高在抛光例如玻璃中所需要的那些典型的磨料特性。

6. 发明授权

US06844420B1 Natural resin formulations 有权
标题翻译：天然树脂配方
公开(公告)号：US06844420B1
公开(公告)日：2005-01-18
申请号：US10048184
申请日：2000-07-28
申请人： Barry Freel , Robert G. Graham , Régi Giroux
发明人： Barry Freel , Robert G. Graham , Régi Giroux
IPC分类号： C08G16/02 , C08H8/00 , C08L61/06 , C08L61/24 , C08L97/02 , C09J161/06 , C09J161/24 , C10B53/02 , C10C5/00 , C08H5/04
CPC分类号： C08L61/24 , C08G16/0293 , C08H8/00 , C08L61/06 , C08L97/02 , C09J161/06 , C09J161/24 , C10B53/02 , C10C5/00 , Y02E50/14 , Y02P20/133 , C08L2666/02
摘要： This invention is directed to a method of preparing a natural resin by liquefying wood, bark, forest residues, wood industry residues, or other biomass using rapid destructive distillation (fast pyrolysis). Fast pyrolysis produces both vapors and char from biomass, and following removal of the char from the product vapors, a liquid pitch product is recovered and processed by distillation, evaporation, or a combination thereof, in order to obtain a natural resin which may be in either liquid or solid form. The natural resin comprises a total phenolic content from about 30% to about 80% (w/w), and is a highly-reactive ligninic compound that has been found to be suitable for use within resin formulations without requiring any further extraction or fractionation procedures. Resins comprising up to 60% natural resin have been prepared and tested in board production and found to exhibit similar properties associated with commercially available resins. The natural resin may substitute for phenol, or for both phenol and formaldehyde within phenol-containing resins. Similarly, the natural resin can replace a substantial part of the components within urea-containing resins.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及通过使用快速破坏性蒸馏（快速热解）液化木材，树皮，森林残留物，木材工业残余物或其它生物质来制备天然树脂的方法。快速热解从生物质中产生蒸气和焦炭，并且在从产物蒸气中除去焦炭之后，通过蒸馏，蒸发或其组合回收和处理液体沥青产物，以获得可以在液体或固体形式。天然树脂包括约30％至约80％（w / w）的总酚含量，并且是已被发现适用于树脂制剂中的高反应性木质素化合物，而不需要任何进一步的提取或分馏程序。包含高达60％天然树脂的树脂已经在板生产中制备和测试，发现与市售树脂相关的性能呈现出相似的性质。天然树脂可以代替苯酚，也可以在酚醛树脂中代替苯酚和甲醛。类似地，天然树脂可以代替含脲树脂中的大部分组分。

7. 发明授权

US6143856A Process for the production of phenolic-rich pyrolysis oils for use in making phenol-formaldehyde resole resins 失效
标题翻译：生产用于制备苯酚 - 甲醛甲阶酚醛树脂的富含酚的热解油的方法
公开(公告)号：US6143856A
公开(公告)日：2000-11-07
申请号：US244783
申请日：1999-02-05
申请人： Christian Roy , Xiao Lu , Hooshang Pakdel
发明人： Christian Roy , Xiao Lu , Hooshang Pakdel
IPC分类号： C07C37/00 , C07C37/72 , C10B53/02 , C10C5/00 , C08G8/04 , C08G14/04
CPC分类号： C10B53/02 , C07C37/005 , C07C37/72 , C10C5/00 , Y02E50/14
摘要： A phenolic-rich pyrolysis oil is produced by pyrolysing lignocellulosic material at a temperature of no more than about 550.degree. C under an absolute pressure of no more than about 50 kPa to produce pyrolysis vapors, and condensing the pyrolysis vapors to obtain a condensate consisting of a phenolic-rich pyrolysis oil having a dew point of about 65 to about 75.degree. C. under an absolute pressure of about 15 to about 20 kPa. Such a phenolic-rich pyrolysis can be directly used in making phenol-formaldehyde resol resins.
摘要翻译：通过在不超过约50kPa的绝对压力下在不超过约550℃的温度下热解木质纤维素材料来产生富含酚的热解油，以产生热解蒸气，并冷凝热分解蒸气以获得由一种在约15至约20kPa的绝对压力下具有约65至约75℃的露点的富含酚的热解油。这种富含酚的热解可直接用于制备酚醛甲醛树脂。

8. 发明授权

US5792340A Method and apparatus for a circulating bed transport fast pyrolysis reactor system 失效
标题翻译：循环床运输快速热解反应器系统的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5792340A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-11
申请号：US420376
申请日：1995-04-07
申请人： Barry A. Freel , Robert G. Graham
发明人： Barry A. Freel , Robert G. Graham
IPC分类号： C10B49/20 , C10C5/00 , C10G9/32
CPC分类号： C10C5/00 , C10B49/20 , Y02E50/14
摘要： This invention generally relates to a new method and apparatus for the fast pyrolysis of carbonaceous materials involving rapid mixing, high heat transfer rates, precisely controlled short uniform residence times and rapid primary product quench in an upflow, entrained-bed, transport reactor with heat carrier solids recirculation. A carbonaceous feedstock, a non-oxidative transport gas and inorganic particulate heat supplying material are rapidly mixed in a reactor base section, then transported upward through an entrained-bed tubular reactor. A cyclonic hot solids recirculation system separates the solids from the non-condensible gases and primary product vapors and returns them to the mixer. Product vapors are rapidly quenched to provide maximum yields of liquids, petrochemicals, high value gases and selected valuable chemicals.
摘要翻译：本发明一般涉及用于快速混合，高传热速率，精确控制的短均匀停留时间和快速初级产物骤冷的碳质材料的快速热解的新方法和装置，其具有带热载体的上流式，夹带式运输反应器固体再循环。碳质原料，非氧化性运输气体和无机颗粒供热材料在反应器基部快速混合，然后向上运送通过夹带式管式反应器。气旋热固体再循环系统将固体与不可冷凝气体和初级产物蒸气分离，并将其返回混合器。产品蒸气快速淬火，以提供液体，石油化工，高价值气体和选定的有价值化学品的最大产量。

9. 发明授权

US4398998A Apparatus for recovering energy and useful products from plantain wastes 失效
标题翻译：用于从车前草废物中回收能量和有用产品的装置
公开(公告)号：US4398998A
公开(公告)日：1983-08-16
申请号：US350294
申请日：1982-02-19
申请人： Babington A. Quame
发明人： Babington A. Quame
IPC分类号： B09B3/00 , F22B31/04 , F23G5/46 , C10C5/00 , F23B1/14 , F23G9/00
CPC分类号： B09B3/00 , F22B31/045 , F23G5/46 , Y02E20/12 , Y02W30/20
摘要： Energy and useful products are recovered from plantain wastes in a self-contained waste treatment plant wherein the raw material waste is charged into a boiler where the same is combusted to produce flue gases containing several organic compounds and dry ash containing residue mineral salts. The flue gas heats water in a water reservoir to generate steam which drives a turbine generator to produce electricity, the flue gas then being collected and at least partially condensed to form a pyroligneous acid solution from which alcohols and the like can be recovered. The dry ash containing residue mineral salt is mixed with other minerals or reagents with the resulting mass being supplied into a continuously stirred fusion furnace situated within the boiler to which heat is supplied by the flue gas to produce commercially useful products, such as zeolites, dolomite or other related products.
摘要翻译：能源和有用的产品在独立的废物处理厂从车内废物中回收，其中将原料废物装入其中燃烧的锅炉中，以产生含有几种有机化合物的废气和含有残余物矿物盐的干灰。烟气加热储水器中的水以产生驱动涡轮发电机产生电力的蒸汽，然后烟道被收集并且至少部分冷凝以形成可以从其中回收醇等的焦磷酸溶液。将含有残渣的矿物盐与其他矿物质或其他物质混合，将所得物质供应到位于锅炉内的连续搅拌的熔化炉中，由烟道气供应热量以产生商业上有用的产物，例如沸石，白云石或其他相关产品。

10. 发明授权

US2342145A Method of recovering aliphatic lactones 失效
标题翻译：脂肪内酯的回收方法
公开(公告)号：US2342145A
公开(公告)日：1944-02-22
申请号：US36357640
申请日：1940-10-30
申请人： DANCIGER OIL & REFINERIES INC
发明人： ISHAM ROBERT M , OTTO SPRING
IPC分类号： C07D315/00 , C10C5/00
CPC分类号： C07D315/00 , C10C5/00 , Y02E50/14

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