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    • 5. 发明授权
    • Modified ion exchange materials
    • 改性离子交换材料
    • US6024850A
    • 2000-02-15
    • US815371
    • 1997-03-10
    • Richard L. SampsonAllison H. Sampson
    • Richard L. SampsonAllison H. Sampson
    • B01D61/48B01J47/08B01J49/00C02F1/42C02F1/461C02F1/467C25B13/00
    • B01J49/0052B01D61/48B01J47/08C02F1/46114C02F1/4618C02F1/4672C02F1/4674C02F1/42C02F1/4676C02F1/4695C02F2001/46138C02F2001/46161C02F2103/023C02F2103/42C02F2201/46115C02F2201/4613C02F2201/46145C02F2201/4617C02F2303/04
    • Ion exchange materials, as particulate and membranes, are modified by permanently attaching counter ions to a portion of the ion exchange sites. The permanent attachment of the counter ions forms semiconductor junctions which act as mini anodes, or cathodes, to significantly increase the ability to oxidize or reduce a species to be treated, or split water, in an electrolytic reactor. The non-converted transfer sites in the ion exchange material also significantly increase the mobility of the ionic species in the electrolyte. The ion exchange material may be a monobed of either modified anion exchange material or modified cation exchange material, or a suitable mixed bed of both, depending upon the application. When the anode is in direct contact with a modified cation exchange material and under the influence of direct current, free radical hydroxyl and regenerant hydrogen are formed. When the cathode is in direct contact with a modified anion exchange material and under the influence of direct current, free radical hydrogen and regenerant hydroxyl are formed. Alternatively, the modified ion exchange material can be separated from both the anode and the cathode, and regenerant hydrogen and hydroxyl are produced at the semiconductor junctions.
    • 作为颗粒和膜的离子交换材料通过将抗衡离子永久地附着到一部分离子交换位点而被修饰。 抗衡离子的永久附着形成用作微型阳极或阴极的半导体结,以显着增加在电解反应器中氧化或还原待处理物质或裂解水的能力。 离子交换材料中未转化的转移位点也显着增加了电解质中离子物质的迁移率。 取决于应用,离子交换材料可以是改性阴离子交换材料或改性阳离子交换材料或两者的合适混合床的单支。 当阳极与改性阳离子交换材料直接接触并在直流电的影响下,形成自由基羟基和再生氢。 当阴极与改性阴离子交换材料直接接触时,在直流影响下,形成自由基氢和再生羟基。 或者,改性离子交换材料可以从阳极和阴极两者分离出来,在半导体结处产生再生氢和羟基。
    • 6. 发明授权
    • Electrodialysis including filled cell electrodialysis
(Electrodeionization)
    • 电渗析包括电池电渗析(Electrodeionization)
    • US5948230A
    • 1999-09-07
    • US119137
    • 1998-07-20
    • Wayne A. McRae
    • Wayne A. McRae
    • A23C9/144B01D61/44B01D61/46B01D61/48B01D61/58B01J47/08C01B11/04C01B11/06C02F1/42C02F1/44C02F1/467C02F1/469C02F9/00
    • A23C9/144B01D61/44B01D61/48B01D61/58B01J47/08C01B11/04C01B11/06C02F1/441C02F1/469B01D61/025B01D61/027B01D61/145B01D61/147B01D61/422C02F1/42C02F1/44C02F1/4674C02F1/4693C02F1/4695C02F2101/163C02F2201/46115C02F9/00
    • Improved electrodialysis (ED) stacks are disclosed having one or more components selected from the group:a) cation exchange membranes having ion exchange groups predominantly sulfonic acid groups and a minor amount of weakly acidic and/or weakly basic groups or membranes which are selective to monovalent cations and simultaneously therewith, cation exchange granules selective to monovalent cations as packing in the dilute compartments;b) anion exchange membranes having as ion exchange groups only quaternary ammonium and/or quaternary phosphonium groups and substantially no primary, secondary and/or tertiary amine and/or phosphine groups or membranes which are selective to monovalent anions simultaneously therewith, anion exchange granules selective to monovalent anions as packing in the dilute compartments;c) as packing in the dilute compartment, anion exchange granules which are selective to monovalent anions, or cation exchange granules which are selective to monovalent cations, or cation exchange granules having as exchange groups a predominant amount of sulfonic acid groups and a minor amount of weakly acidic and/or weakly basic groups, or anion exchange granules consisting of organic polymers having as anion exchange groups only quaternary ammonium and/or quaternary phosphonium groups and almost no primary, secondary and/or tertiary amine and/or phosphine groups.
    • 公开了改进的电渗析(ED)堆叠,其具有一个或多个选自以下的组分:a)具有主要为磺酸基团的离子交换基团和少量弱酸性和/或弱碱性基团或膜的阳离子交换膜, 一价阳离子,同时具有选择性的阳离子交换颗粒,作为填充在稀室中的一价阳离子; b)具有作为离子交换基团的离子交换基团的阴离子交换膜仅具有季铵和/或季鏻基团,并且基本上不具有与单价阴离子同时选择性的伯,仲和/或叔胺和/或膦基或膜,阴离子交换颗粒选择性 作为包装在稀释室中的单价阴离子; c)作为稀释室中的填料,对单价阴离子有选择性的阴离子交换颗粒,或对一价阳离子有选择性的阳离子交换颗粒,或具有主要量的磺酸基和交替基团的阳离子交换颗粒, 弱酸性和/或弱碱性基团或由具有阴离子交换基团的有机聚合物组成的阴离子交换颗粒仅为季铵和/或季鏻基团,并且几乎不具有伯,仲和/或叔胺和/或膦基团。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Fluid separation system with flow-through capacitor
    • 具有流通电容器的流体分离系统
    • US5748437A
    • 1998-05-05
    • US653832
    • 1996-05-28
    • Marc D. Andelman
    • Marc D. Andelman
    • B01D15/08B01D15/00B01J47/08C02F1/00C02F1/46C02F1/469G01N30/02G01N30/38G01N30/50G01N30/60G01N30/80G01N30/96H01G4/35
    • G01N30/6069B01D15/36B01D15/3885B01J47/08C02F1/4691G01N30/50G01N30/96C02F2301/024G01N2030/027G01N2030/965G01N30/02G01N30/38G01N30/60G01N30/6043G01N30/6091G01N30/6095G01N30/80
    • A flow-through capacitor and a controlled charge chromatography column system using the capacitor for the purification of a fluid-containing material, which column comprises an inlet for a fluid to be purified and an outlet for the discharge of the purified fluid, and a flow-through capacitor disposed within the column. The flow-through capacitor comprises a plurality of spirally-wound, stacked washer or rods to include a first electrically conductive backing layer, such as of graphite, and a first high surface area conductive layer secured to one side of the backing layer, such as carbon fibers, and a second high surface area conductive layer secured to the opposite side of the backing layer, the high surface area material layers arranged to face each other and separated by a nonconductive, ion-permeable spacer layer to insulate electrically the backing and conductive layer. The system includes a DC power source to charge the respective conductive layers with different polarities whereby a fluid-containing material passing through the column is purified by the electrically conductive, high surface area stationary phase and the retention thereof onto the high surface area layer and permitting, for example, the purification of aqueous solutions of liquids, such as salt, and providing for the recovery of a purified liquid.
    • 一种流通电容器和使用电容器的受控电荷色谱柱系统,用于净化含流体的材料,该柱包括用于待净化的流体的入口和用于排出纯化流体的出口, 通过电容器设置在该列内。 流通电容器包括多个螺旋卷绕的层叠的垫圈或杆,以包括第一导电背衬层,例如石墨,以及固定到背衬层的一侧的第一高表面积导电层,例如 碳纤维和固定到背衬层的相对侧的第二高表面积导电层,高表面积材料层布置为彼此面对并由不导电的离子可渗透间隔层隔开,以使背衬和导电 层。 该系统包括一个直流电源,用于以不同的极性对相应的导电层进行充电,由此通过该柱的含流体的材料被导电的高表面积固定相净化,并将其保留在高表面积层上并允许 例如,纯化诸如盐的液体的水溶液,并提供回收纯化液体。