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    • 7. 发明授权
    • Measuring instrument for determining the scattering and absorption
coefficient of the atmosphere
    • 用于确定大气的散射和吸收系数的测量仪器
    • US5024526A
    • 1991-06-18
    • US333392
    • 1989-04-05
    • Heribert von Redwitz
    • Heribert von Redwitz
    • G01J5/42G01N21/51G01N21/53
    • G01N21/53G01J5/42G01N2021/516G01N2021/6469G01N21/538G01N2201/1285
    • A measuring instrument for simultaneous in situ determination of the spectral scatting and absorption coefficient, which can also be called an extinction meter, has a modulated light source and an optical system encompassing the hemisphere; the optical system has a multiply folded ray path with a focal point in the volume to be measured, and through this system the measurement signal is projected to detectors. The scattering measurement signals, which are maximally enlarged in this way, are then separated from those for the absorption. The extinction meter also has not only an integrating nephelometer for monitoring purposes but also a transmission meter for low transmission factors. Because of the small three-dimensional size and the streamlined shape of the measuring portion of the extinction meter, the extinction meter can be carried in aircraft and surface vehicles. Because of the disposition of the optical system, the error in the measurement values is negligible, in comparison with other instruments with which only the scattering coefficient can be determined. Moreover, the calibration value during a measurement phase can be determined both automatically and manually. Contamination of the instrument with gas to be measured is reduced, by the stabilization of a turbulence ring by means of baffles. Moreover, interference with the flowing aerosol on the part of the instrument is largely eliminated via a hoop-like hood functioning like a wing-tip slot.
    • 用于同时原位测定光谱散射和吸收系数的测量仪器(也称为消光计)具有调制光源和包围半球的光学系统; 该光学系统具有在要测量的体积中具有焦点的多重折叠的光线路径,并且通过该系统将测量信号投影到检测器。 然后以这种方式最大化地扩散的散射测量信号与用于吸收的散射测量信号分开。 灭火表不仅具有用于监测目的的积分浊度计,而且还具有低传输系数的传输仪表。 由于消光表的测量部分具有小的三维尺寸和流线型的形状,所以消光计可以被携带在飞机和地面车辆中。 由于光学系统的配置,与其中只能确定散射系数的其他仪器相比,测量值的误差可以忽略不计。 此外,可以自动和手动地确定测量阶段期间的校准值。 通过挡板稳定湍流环,仪器与待测气体的污染减少。 此外,通过像翼尖槽一样的环形罩大大消除了对仪器部分流动的气溶胶的干扰。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Thermal image dynamic range expander
    • 热图像动态范围扩展器
    • US4634870A
    • 1987-01-06
    • US730880
    • 1985-05-06
    • Travis W. Metcalf
    • Travis W. Metcalf
    • G01J5/42G01J9/02H04N5/33G01J5/38G01J5/62
    • G01J5/42G01J9/02H04N5/33
    • A gas cell array absorbs infrared energy radiated by a viewed scene. A la interferometer has its resultant intensity changed by the cell's changing length. This is monitored by a vidicon tube that feeds the signal to a digitizer and onto a video display. The incident infrared radiation is chopped into quantized amounts of energy and memory units receive the digitized output of the vidicon tube. Subtractors receive vidicon tube signals simultaneously with quiescent reference levels data. The subtractors form a difference signal by subtracting the quiescent reference level signal from the immediate signal being passed to control threshold detectors. An extended dynamic range of 1,000:1 is accomplished for the preferred embodiment.
    • 气体电池阵列吸收观看场景辐射的红外能量。 激光干涉仪的结果强度随着细胞变化的长度而改变。 这是通过将信号馈送到数字转换器和视频显示器的视频管来监视的。 将入射的红外辐射切成量化的能量,并且存储单元接收视频管的数字化输出。 减法器与静态参考电平数据同时接收视频管信号。 减法器通过从传递给控制阈值检测器的即时信号减去静态参考电平信号来形成差分信号。 对于优选实施例,实现了1,000:1的扩展动态范围。