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1. 发明授权

US4784351A Aircraft with a plurality of propellers, a pipe structure for thereon holdable wings for vertical take off and landing 失效
标题翻译：具有多个螺旋桨的飞机，用于其上的用于垂直起飞和着陆的可持续翼的管道结构
公开(公告)号：US4784351A
公开(公告)日：1988-11-15
申请号：US5535
申请日：1987-01-20
申请人： Karl Eickmann
发明人： Karl Eickmann
IPC分类号： B64C29/00 , F02B75/02 , B64C27/28
CPC分类号： B64C29/00 , B64C2700/6281 , F02B2075/025
摘要： An aircraft has a pair of wing portions with propellers of a propeller pair which are driven and synchronized by a fluid transmission between the power plant and the propellers. A fluid line structure keeps most components of the craft together and consists preferredly of three pipes which are also utilized to carry the driving fluid to and from the motors, to hold the motors and to hold the wings. The take over of a plurality of functions by the interior pipe structure reduces weight and secures safe and economic operation of the craft.The pipe structure can be pivoted in respective bearings to effect the pivotal movement of the propellers and wing portions for either vertical take off and landing or horizontal flight. The pipe structure is built by pipes without bends in order to make the cleaning of the interiors of the pipes from dirt and remainders of weldings possible. Ribs and holding portions are provided on the structure for assembly and/or disassembly of the wing portions to the pipe structure.
摘要翻译：飞机具有一对具有螺旋桨对的螺旋桨的机翼部分，其通过在发电厂和螺旋桨之间的流体传动驱动并同步。流体管线结构将工艺的大多数部件保持在一起，并且优选地由三个管道组成，这三个管道也用于将驱动流体运送到电动机和从电动机运送驱动流体，以保持电动机并保持机翼。通过内部管道结构接管多个功能减轻了重量并确保了工艺的安全和经济的操作。管道结构可以在相应的轴承中枢转，以实现螺旋桨和翼部的枢转运动，用于垂直起飞和降落或水平飞行。管道结构由没有弯头的管道构成，以便使管道内部的清洁成为污垢和焊接余留物。肋和保持部分设置在结构上，用于将翼部件组装和/或拆卸到管道结构。

2. 发明授权

US4310203A Hydrostatic support assembly 失效
标题翻译：静液压支架
公开(公告)号：US4310203A
公开(公告)日：1982-01-12
申请号：US122926
申请日：1980-02-20
申请人： Karl Eickmann
发明人： Karl Eickmann
IPC分类号： F04B1/20 , F16C21/00 , F16C32/06
CPC分类号： F16C21/00 , F04B1/20 , F16C39/04 , B64C2700/6281 , F02F2200/04 , F05C2201/0448 , F05C2201/046
摘要： In radial bearings of mechanical nature the life time id is limited. In hydrostatic bearings the lateral loads may over time or even quickly deform the bearing and make it less effective. The invention overcomes this problem by providing not a hydrostatic bearing, but mechanical bearings to revolvable members and a hydrostatic support member, which carries the major portion of the load. The hydrostatic support member is radially flexibly mounted in order to adapt itself for proper support of the mechanical bearings. The device is also very convenient for hydrostatic pumps and motors with radially expanding and contracting working chambers.
摘要翻译：在机械性质的径向轴承中，寿命id有限。在静压轴承中，横向载荷可能会随着时间的推移而变化，甚至使轴承变形迅速，使其不太有效。本发明克服了这个问题，即不提供静压轴承，而是提供可旋转构件的机械轴承和承载负载的主要部分的静水支撑构件。流体静力支撑构件径向地柔性地安装，以适应机械轴承的适当支撑。该装置对于具有径向膨胀和收缩工作室的静液压泵和电动机也是非常方便的。

3. 发明授权

US4173321A Vehicle for traveling in the air and on the ground equipped with hydraulically driven propellers 失效
标题翻译：用于在空中和地面上搭载液压驱动的螺旋桨的车辆
公开(公告)号：US4173321A
公开(公告)日：1979-11-06
申请号：US801496
申请日：1977-05-26
申请人： Karl Eickmann
发明人： Karl Eickmann
IPC分类号： B64C11/28 , B64C27/04 , B64C27/12 , B64C29/00 , B64D31/14 , B64D35/00 , F02B75/02 , B64C27/08
CPC分类号： B64C27/20 , B64C11/28 , B64C27/12 , B64C29/00 , B64D31/14 , B64D35/00 , B64C2700/6281 , F02B2075/025
摘要： A vehicle for traveling in the air and on the ground is equipped with two, four, or eight propellers on vertical shafts, each driven by a rotary hydraulic motor of the radial-piston type. The motor comprises two rotors which are connected in individual hydraulic circuits supplied with fluid from different hydraulic pumps. One embodiment of the vehicle comprises an automobile with the propellers mounted in oblique air ducts or in shrouds pivotable in the travel direction. Each rotor of the hydraulic motors is coupled to the shaft unidirectionally so that in case of failure, the shaft can be driven by the other rotor. Each hydraulic pump preferably produces four equal fluid flows and comprises two rotors on a common shaft, each rotor with two separate groups of cylinders, the eccentricity of at least one of the rotors being adjustable. Both the hydraulic motor and the pump have inlet and outlet connections on the radial periphery of the housing. In another design intended for operation under high pressure, the hydraulic pump producing four equal simultaneously adjustable or four individually adjustable flows comprises one rotor with four separate cylinder groups, fluid passages leading to both axial sides, and interposed pressure inserts which are urged into a sealing contact with the rotor by small fluid pressure chambers formed at the axial outside of the inserts.
摘要翻译：在空中和地面上行驶的车辆在垂直轴上装备有两个，四个或八个螺旋桨，每个由径向活塞式旋转液压马达驱动。马达包括两个转子，它们连接在单独的液压回路中，该液压回路供应不同液压泵的流体。车辆的一个实施例包括具有安装在倾斜空气管道中的螺旋桨的汽车，或者在行进方向上可枢转的护罩。液压马达的每个转子单向联接到轴上，使得在故障的情况下，轴可以由另一个转子驱动。每个液压泵优选地产生四个相等的流体流，并且在公共轴上包括两个转子，每个转子具有两个分开的气缸组，至少一个转子的偏心度是可调节的。液压马达和泵都具有在壳体的径向周边上的入口和出口连接。在另一种旨在在高压下操作的设计中，产生四个等同的可调节或四个可单独调节的流量的液压泵包括具有四个独立气缸组的一个转子，通向两个轴向侧的流体通道和被推入密封件通过形成在插入件的轴向外部的小流体压力室与转子接触。

4. 发明授权

US4136845A Hydraulically operated aircraft with a retractable propeller 失效
标题翻译：具有可伸缩螺旋桨的液压飞机
公开(公告)号：US4136845A
公开(公告)日：1979-01-30
申请号：US760006
申请日：1977-01-17
申请人： Karl Eickmann
发明人： Karl Eickmann
IPC分类号： B60F3/00 , B60F5/02 , B64C11/28 , B64C27/04 , B64C27/12 , B64C27/20 , B64C29/00 , B64D31/14 , B64D35/00 , F02B75/02 , B64D27/00 , B64D29/00
CPC分类号： B64D35/00 , B64C11/28 , B64C27/12 , B64C29/00 , B64C29/0016 , B64D31/14 , B64C2700/6281 , F02B2075/025
摘要： An aircraft body has a pair of hydraulic fluid-operated motors mounted on it, a pair of stream-creating devices driven by the motors and symmetrically arranged on opposite sides of the body. One or more hydraulic fluid-flow producing devices has at least a pair of separate fluid-handling chambers each connected to one of a pair of separate outlets, and including arrangements for fluid-tight separation of the chambers and outlets, so that fluid from each chamber passes through only one of the outlets. A pair of displacement units is associated with the fluid-handling chambers, respectively, and an equally acting actuator arrangement cooperates equally with both of the two displacement units for maintaining equal movements of the two displacement units so that fluid flows in the outlets at proportionate and equal flow rates. A pair of delivery passages connects each of the outlets with a different one of the motors, respectively. A wing is attached to the body of the aircraft and includes at least one hollow space for the reception of a foldable propeller. The foldable propeller is attached to a hydraulic motor and driven by it. The hydraulic motor drives the propeller when the propeller is located outside of the hollow space and when the blades of the propeller are extended normal to the axis of the hydraulic motor. The blades of the propeller can be swung into a position about parallel to the axis of the hydraulic motor and the motor and propeller can then be retracted into the hollow space in the wing for rest.
摘要翻译：飞机机体上安装有一对液压流体动力马达，一对由马达驱动的流动产生装置，并对称地布置在主体的相对侧上。一个或多个液压流体产生装置具有至少一对单独的流体处理室，每个连接到一对独立出口中的一个，并且包括用于流体密封地分离室和出口的装置，使得来自每个室仅通过一个出口。一对位移单元分别与流体处理室相关联，并且等作用的致动器装置与两个位移单元两者均匀地配合，用于维持两个位移单元的相等运动，使得流体在出口中成比例地流动流量相等。一对输送通道将每个出口分别与不同的一个马达连接。机翼连接到飞机的主体，并且包括至少一个用于接收可折叠螺旋桨的中空空间。可折叠螺旋桨连接到液压马达并由其驱动。当螺旋桨位于中空空间的外侧时，当螺旋桨的叶片垂直于液压马达的轴线延伸时，液压马达驱动螺旋桨。螺旋桨的叶片可以摆动到与液压马达的轴线平行的位置，马达和螺旋桨然后可以缩回到机翼中的中空空间中用于休息。

5. 发明授权

US4899957A Air borne craft, for example helicopter, and related devices 失效
标题翻译：航空工艺，例如直升机和相关设备
公开(公告)号：US4899957A
公开(公告)日：1990-02-13
申请号：US105848
申请日：1987-10-07
申请人： Karl Eickmann
发明人： Karl Eickmann
IPC分类号： B64C11/28 , B64C27/04 , B64C27/12 , B64C29/00 , B64D31/14 , B64D35/00 , F02B75/02 , F03C1/24 , F04B1/20 , F16C21/00
CPC分类号： B64C27/52 , B64C11/28 , B64C27/04 , B64C27/12 , B64C29/00 , B64C29/0016 , B64D31/14 , B64D35/00 , F03C1/2415 , F04B1/20 , F04B1/2092 , F16C21/00 , B64C2700/6281 , F02B2075/025 , F02F2200/04 , F05C2201/0448 , F05C2201/046
摘要： In a vehicle or device a fluid motor is employed to drive rotary members, such as wheels, propellers, tracks. The motor is provided with an arrangement which includes a control means and an axially moveable member. By utilizing the control means, for example, by a flow of fluid, the axially moveable member is used to apply an action, which is not common to the usual operation of fluid motors. The arrangement may be used to arrest the rotor of the motor from rotation when no pressure is in the driving fluid line. It may also be used to control the pitch of propellers with variable pitch arrangements. Also possible is to use the arrangement to automatically obtain an auto-rotation of rotor blades on vertical axes of vertically take off and landing vehicles, when the pressure in the fluid line to the motors for driving the motors drops below a predetermined minimum of pressure.The speciality of the preferred embodiment which is shown in FIGS. 18, 19, 24 to 26 and 34 to 37 consists in the provision of a tail propeller, a main lift propeller and a rate of power varying means in the transmission between the power plant and the mentioned propellers. Thereby the tail propeller acts as forward driving propeller, while the main lift propeller may act with vertical or slightly inclined axis or it may be stopped to rest. The vehicle can thereby fly as a helicpoter or selectively as a gyrocopter and as an aircraft flying on wings if the wing assembly is assembled to the vehicle.
摘要翻译：在车辆或设备中，使用流体马达来驱动旋转构件，例如轮子，螺旋桨，轨道。马达设置有包括控制装置和可轴向移动的构件的装置。通过利用控制装置，例如通过流体流动，可轴向移动的构件用于施加动作，这对于流体马达的通常操作是不常见的。当驱动流体管线中没有压力时，该装置可用于阻止马达的转子旋转。它也可用于控制具有可变节距排列的螺旋桨的桨距。还有可能的是，当驱动马达的流体管线中的压力下降到预定的最小压力以下时，使用该装置可自动获得垂直起降车辆的垂直轴上的转子叶片的自动旋转。图1和图2所示的优选实施例的特征。 18,19,24至26和34至37条包括在发电厂和所述螺旋桨之间的传输中提供尾桨，主升力螺旋桨和动力变化装置的速率。因此，尾螺旋桨作为前进驱动螺旋桨，而主提升螺旋桨可以垂直或稍微倾斜的轴线起作用，或者可以停止休息。因此，如果机翼组件组装到车辆上，则车辆可以作为螺旋桨飞行，或者选择性地作为陀螺仪飞行器和作为飞行器的飞行器飞行。

6. 发明授权

US4770371A Fluid motor driven multi propeller aircraft 失效
标题翻译：流体马达驱动多螺旋桨飞机
公开(公告)号：US4770371A
公开(公告)日：1988-09-13
申请号：US828115
申请日：1986-02-10
申请人： Karl Eickmann
发明人： Karl Eickmann
IPC分类号： B64C11/28 , B64C27/04 , B64C27/12 , B64C29/00 , B64D31/14 , B64D35/00 , F02B75/02 , B64C27/22
CPC分类号： B64D35/00 , B64C11/28 , B64C27/04 , B64C27/12 , B64C29/00 , B64C29/0016 , B64D31/14 , B64C2700/6281 , F02B2075/025
摘要： An aircraft has a plurality of pairs of disc-type wings behind each other kept by holding structures on the body of the craft. Each pair has one disc-type wing on the right and one disc type wing on the left of the body, symmetrically arranged relative to the body. The discs have propeller blades which can be retracted into the discs and be extended from the discs. The discs are also provided with windows wherein adjustable covers are located which can close and open the windows.For forward flight the discs are slightly inclined to act as wings which carry the craft. For vertical take off and landing the propeller blades are extended from the discs while the discs are revolved for action of the propeller blades as lift providers for the craft. An analysis which is given in this specification shows that a considerable benefit is obtained at equal installation of power if at least two pairs of propeller revolving discs are provided on the aircraft.
摘要翻译：飞机具有通过将结构保持在船体上而保持的多对彼此相对的盘形翼。每对在右侧有一个圆盘型翼，身体左侧有一个盘型翼，相对于身体对称布置。这些盘具有可以缩回到盘中并从盘延伸的螺旋桨叶片。光盘还设有窗口，其中可调整的盖子可以关闭和打开窗户。对于前进飞行，光盘稍微倾斜以作为携带工艺的翼。对于垂直起飞和着陆，螺旋桨叶片从盘延伸，而盘旋转以作为用于工艺的升降机提供者的螺旋桨叶片的作用。在本说明书中给出的分析表明，如果在飞机上提供至少两对螺旋桨旋转盘，则在相同的功率安装下可获得相当大的益处。

7. 发明授权

US4664018A Axial piston motor or pump with an arrangement to thrust the medial shaft into a spherical bed of the outgoing shaft 失效
标题翻译：轴向活塞马达或泵，其具有将内侧轴推入输出轴的球形床的布置
公开(公告)号：US4664018A
公开(公告)日：1987-05-12
申请号：US678540
申请日：1984-12-05
申请人： Karl Eickmann
发明人： Karl Eickmann
IPC分类号： F04B43/00 , F04B43/02 , F01B13/04
CPC分类号： F04B43/0063 , F04B43/02 , B64C2700/6281 , F02F2200/04 , F05C2201/021 , F05C2201/0448 , F05C2201/046
摘要： In an axial piston motor or pump the cylinder barrel is mounted on a medial shaft which has a shoulder which axially, bears against the front end of the rotor barrel. The rear end of the medial shaft is radially borne in a housing portion. The front portion of the medial shaft is provided with a bearing member of an axial thrust bearing for support on a respective axial thrust bearing member in the housing. On the rear end of the rotary barrel an axially selfthrusting control body is provided to seal the flow of fluid to and from the cylinders of the rotary barrel. The control body presses against the rotary barrel, the rotary barrel presses against the shoulder of the medial shaft and the thrust bearing member of the shaft bears on the thrust bearing member of the housing. As a result thereof the cylinders in the rotary barrel can be straight through bores. The manufacturing of the rotor barrel is thereby simplified and the flow acceleration losses of former bag bore type cylinders are prevented.
摘要翻译：在轴向活塞马达或泵中，缸筒安装在内侧轴上，该内侧轴具有肩部，该肩部轴向地抵靠转子筒的前端。内侧轴的后端径向地承载在壳体部分中。内侧轴的前部设置有用于支撑在壳体中的相应的轴向推力轴承构件上的轴向推力轴承的轴承构件。在旋转筒的后端，提供轴向自调控制体以密封流体流向和从旋转筒的圆筒的流动。控制体压靠旋转筒，旋转筒压靠在内侧轴的肩部上，轴的止推轴承部件承载在壳体的止推轴承部件上。结果，旋转筒中的圆筒可以是直通孔。因此，转子筒的制造被简化，并且防止了前袋式缸的流动加速损失。

8. 发明授权

US4405103A Hydraulically operated air borne rotor craft 失效
标题翻译：液压气动转子工艺
公开(公告)号：US4405103A
公开(公告)日：1983-09-20
申请号：US121186
申请日：1980-02-13
申请人： Karl Eickmann
发明人： Karl Eickmann
IPC分类号： B60F3/00 , B60F5/02 , B64C11/28 , B64C27/04 , B64C27/12 , B64C27/20 , B64C29/00 , B64D31/14 , B64D35/00 , F02B75/02
CPC分类号： B64D35/00 , B64C11/28 , B64C27/12 , B64C29/00 , B64C29/0016 , B64D31/14 , B64C2700/6281 , F02B2075/025
摘要： A helicopter-like craft has plural propellers with substantial vertical axes which can be inclined forwardly to provide the forward movement of the vehicle. The propellers are driven by hydraulic fluid motors. One embodiment features the application of a four flow hydraulic pump which supplies two pairs of hydraulic pressure fluid flows, wherein the rate of flow in fluid in each flow of the pairs are equal. One of the pairs of flows may be of permanently fixed rate of flow but the flows of the other pair of flows is variable, but variable in such a system, that even at variation of rate of flow the rate of flow of the two flows of the variable flow--pair remains equal relatively to the other flow of the pair. This system of hydraulic drive is utilized to let the two front propellers of an airborne craft run with equal velocity even when the speed thereof is varified by the mentioned variablity in order to incline the vehicle into its forward movement. The two rear propellers are also forced to run at equal speeds. In another embodiment the plural deliveries of the flows are utilized to maintain flight of the vehicle when one of the fluid lines breaks or fails to deliver. The features of the arrangements are, that the airborne craft of the invention is easily controllable, does not depart from a desired straight forward flight path and that it will be able to continue a flight or to afford a safe landing, when one of the delivery flows fails.
摘要翻译：一架直升机式飞机具有多个具有大体垂直轴的螺旋桨，可以向前倾斜以提供车辆的向前运动。螺旋桨由液压马达驱动。一个实施例的特征在于四流液压泵的应用，其提供两对液压流体流，其中流体在每对流中的流量相等。流对之一可以是永久固定的流量，但是另一对流的流是可变的，但是在这种系统中是可变的，即使在流速的变化下，两个流的流量可变流对相对于该对的另一个流保持相等。这种液压驱动系统用于使空中飞行器的两个前部螺旋桨以相等的速度运行，即使当其速度由所述可变量变化以便使车辆向前运动时。两个后推进器也被迫以相等的速度运行。在另一个实施例中，当多个流体管线中的一个断裂或不能输送时，利用多个流动的流动来保持车辆的飞行。这些装置的特征在于，本发明的空中飞行器很容易控制，不偏离期望的直线向前飞行路径，并且当其中一个运送时，它将能够继续飞行或提供安全着陆流失败。

9. 发明授权

US4086768A Driving and controlling unit 失效
标题翻译：驾驶和控制单元
公开(公告)号：US4086768A
公开(公告)日：1978-05-02
申请号：US610872
申请日：1975-09-08
申请人： Karl Eickmann
发明人： Karl Eickmann
IPC分类号： B60K17/10 , B63H23/26 , B64D35/00 , F16D31/02
CPC分类号： B60K17/10 , B63H23/26 , B64D35/00 , B64C2700/6281
摘要： A hydraulically driving and controlling - unit comprises a power plant which drives a fluid flow producing device for the separate production and supply of pairs of flows of hydraulic fluid under pressure. The unit supplies at least one pair of flows to at least two fluid motors. Rates of flow in flows are proportionate to each other whereby motors of same pair of flow are actuated and maintained to act with to each other proportionate speed of motion. Unit may be transportable and adaptable to machines or vehicles. The drive unit may include a plurality of power plants and fluid flow producing devices. In such multiple unit one way valves are set into fluid lines which may combine partially after those one way valves for directing each one flow from a different power plant to the same motor. Thereby the unit can continue to operate, when one of the plurality of power plants fails. The proportionateness of speed of motion of the motors which is enforced by the proportionateness of rates of flow in the separated flows can be utilized to equalize or synchronize the motion of machines or vehicles or of driving members thereof.
摘要翻译：液压驱动和控制单元包括驱动流体流动产生装置的发电厂，用于单独生产和供应压力下的液压流体流。该单元向至少两个流体马达提供至少一对流。流量的流量彼此成比例，由此驱动并保持相同对流动的马达相互作用成比例的运动速度。单位可以运输和适应机器或车辆。驱动单元可以包括多个发电厂和流体流产生装置。在这种多单元中，单向阀被设置成流体管线，其可以在单向阀之后部分地组合以将每个流从不同的发电厂引导到同一个电动机。因此，当多个发电厂之一发生故障时，该单元可以继续运行。电动机的运动速度与被分离的流动中的流速的比例所实现的运动速度的比例可以用于使机器或车辆或其驱动构件的运动均衡或同步。

10. 发明授权

US4824338A Pump arrangement which includes axially extending cylindrical ring noses on coned rings with a centering ring and seal ring radially of the face wherein two of the ring nose are oppositionally directed and laid together 失效
标题翻译：包括轴向延伸的圆柱形环的泵装置在具有中心环的锥形环上并且在面部的径向上具有密封环，其中两个环形鼻子相对地指向并放置在一起
公开(公告)号：US4824338A
公开(公告)日：1989-04-25
申请号：US87849
申请日：1987-08-17
申请人： Karl Eickmann
发明人： Karl Eickmann
IPC分类号： B64C29/00 , F01B19/00 , F02B1/04 , F02B75/36 , F02F3/28 , F03C1/24 , F04B1/20 , F04B43/02 , F16C21/00 , F16J3/02 , F04B43/00
CPC分类号： F01B19/00 , B64C29/00 , F02B75/36 , F02F3/28 , F03C1/2415 , F04B1/20 , F04B1/2092 , F04B43/02 , F16C21/00 , F16J3/02 , B64C2700/6281 , F02B1/04 , F02F2200/04 , F05C2201/021 , F05C2201/0448 , F05C2201/046
摘要： In the European patent application publication EP OS O No. 102 441 a high pressure pump is shown which uses tapered rings (disc spring derivatives) which are clamped together as a pump chamber. The clamping rings required cutting into sections which is expensive and time consuming. The present discoverings now show that the friction at compression of the coned rings was very large. The present invention now discovers that radially flexible ring portions should be provided to the coned ring portions in order to eliminate the friction and to reduce the time and cost of the production of the pump arrangement. The invention further provides U-type pump elements which eliminate the clamping rings. A second pressure led into the space in the housing which surrounds the pump elements makes it possible to increase the pressure in the pump, for example, to double the pressure.
摘要翻译：在欧洲专利申请公开EP OS O No.102 441中，示出了使用作为泵室夹紧在一起的锥形环（碟形弹簧衍生物）的高压泵。夹紧环需要切割成昂贵且耗时的部分。目前的发现现在表明，锥形环压缩时的摩擦力非常大。本发明现在发现，为了消除摩擦并减少泵装置的生产的时间和成本，应将径向柔性环部分设置到锥形环部分。本发明还提供了消除夹紧环的U型泵元件。引入围绕泵元件的壳体中的空间的第二压力使得可以增加泵中的压力，例如使压力加倍。

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