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1. 发明授权

US07076146B2 Variable optical attenuator 失效
公开(公告)号：US07076146B2
公开(公告)日：2006-07-11
申请号：US10842025
申请日：2004-05-07
申请人： Zbigniew Sufleta , Janusz Bryzek , Alex Harwit , James Higgins Smith , Cheng-Chung Huang , Dmitry Vasily Bakin , Steven Saeed Nasiri
发明人： Zbigniew Sufleta , Janusz Bryzek , Alex Harwit , James Higgins Smith , Cheng-Chung Huang , Dmitry Vasily Bakin , Steven Saeed Nasiri
IPC分类号： G02B6/35
CPC分类号： G02B6/3512 , G02B6/266 , G02B6/3546 , G02B6/359 , G02B6/3594
摘要： A method of controllably attenuating a beam of light coupled into a port includes directing the beam of light against a mirror, and controlling an orientation of the mirror such that a predetermined fraction of the beam of light is coupled into the port. The predetermined fraction is less than a maximum fraction corresponding to optimal coupling of the beam of light into the port. The method may be implemented with a variable optical attenuator including a first port, a second port, a mirror located to direct light output by the first port to the second port, and a controller coupled to the mirror to align it such that the predetermined fraction of light is coupled into the second port. The method may also be implemented with an optical switch.

2. 发明授权

US06754431B2 Variable optical attenuator 有权
公开(公告)号：US06754431B2
公开(公告)日：2004-06-22
申请号：US09999838
申请日：2001-10-24
申请人： Zbigniew Sufleta , Janusz Bryzek , Alex Harwit , James Higgins Smith , Cheng-Chung Huang , Dmitry Vasily Bakin , Steven Saeed Nasiri
发明人： Zbigniew Sufleta , Janusz Bryzek , Alex Harwit , James Higgins Smith , Cheng-Chung Huang , Dmitry Vasily Bakin , Steven Saeed Nasiri
IPC分类号： G02B626
CPC分类号： G02B6/3512 , G02B6/266 , G02B6/3546 , G02B6/359 , G02B6/3594
摘要： A method of controllably attenuating a beam of light coupled into a port includes directing the beam of light against a mirror, and controlling an orientation of the mirror such that a predetermined fraction of the beam of light is coupled into the port. The predetermined fraction is less than a maximum fraction corresponding to optimal coupling of the beam of light into the port. The method may be implemented with a variable optical attenuator including a first port, a second port, a mirror located to direct light output by the first port to the second port, and a controller coupled to the mirror to align it such that the predetermined fraction of light is coupled into the second port. The method may also be implemented with an optical switch.

3. 发明授权

US06898341B2 Optical system for calibration and control of an optical fiber switch 失效
标题翻译：用于光纤开关校准和控制的光学系统
公开(公告)号：US06898341B2
公开(公告)日：2005-05-24
申请号：US09999610
申请日：2001-10-24
申请人： Cheng-Chung Huang , Steven Saeed Nasiri , Randall Brian Sprague , Alex Harwit , Dmitry Vasily Bakin , Janusz Bryzek
发明人： Cheng-Chung Huang , Steven Saeed Nasiri , Randall Brian Sprague , Alex Harwit , Dmitry Vasily Bakin , Janusz Bryzek
IPC分类号： G02B6/42 , G02B6/35 , G02B26/08 , H04Q3/52 , H04Q11/00 , G02B6/26
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0005 , G02B6/3546 , G02B6/3556 , G02B6/3586 , H04Q2011/0026 , H04Q2011/003 , H04Q2011/0037 , H04Q2011/0039 , H04Q2011/0049 , H04Q2011/0083
摘要： Methods of calibrating and operating optical switches as well as optical switches in which the orientations of mirrors are measured and controlled using control light beams and position sensing detectors are described. The present invention may provide high resolution control of a plurality of mirrors in an optical switch and thus allow the optical switch to cross-connect a large number of input and output ports with a low insertion loss.
摘要翻译：描述了使用控制光束和位置感测检测器来测量和控制光学开关以及光学开关的校准和操作的方法。本发明可以提供光开关中的多个反射镜的高分辨率控制，从而允许光开关以低插入损耗交叉连接大量输入和输出端口。

4. 发明申请

US20050018958A1 Optical system for calibration and control of an optical fiber switch 失效
公开(公告)号：US20050018958A1
公开(公告)日：2005-01-27
申请号：US10926705
申请日：2004-08-26
申请人： Cheng-Chung Huang , Steven Saeed Nasiri , Randall Sprague , Alex Harwit , Dmitry Vasily Bakin , Janusz Bryzek
发明人： Cheng-Chung Huang , Steven Saeed Nasiri , Randall Sprague , Alex Harwit , Dmitry Vasily Bakin , Janusz Bryzek
IPC分类号： G02B6/42 , G02B6/35 , G02B26/08 , H04Q3/52 , H04Q11/00 , G02B6/26
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0005 , G02B6/3546 , G02B6/3556 , G02B6/3586 , H04Q2011/0026 , H04Q2011/003 , H04Q2011/0037 , H04Q2011/0039 , H04Q2011/0049 , H04Q2011/0083
摘要： Methods of calibrating and operating optical switches as well as optical switches in which the orientations of mirrors are measured and controlled using control light beams and position sensing detectors are described. The present invention may provide high resolution control of a plurality of mirrors in an optical switch and thus allow the optical switch to cross-connect a large number of input and output ports with a low insertion loss.

5. 发明授权

US06980712B2 Optical system for calibration and control of an optical fiber switch 失效
公开(公告)号：US06980712B2
公开(公告)日：2005-12-27
申请号：US10926705
申请日：2004-08-26
申请人： Cheng-Chung Huang , Steven Saeed Nasiri , Randall Brian Sprague , Alex Harwit , Dmitry Vasily Bakin , Janusz Bryzek
发明人： Cheng-Chung Huang , Steven Saeed Nasiri , Randall Brian Sprague , Alex Harwit , Dmitry Vasily Bakin , Janusz Bryzek
IPC分类号： G02B6/42 , G02B6/35 , G02B26/08 , H04Q3/52 , H04Q11/00 , G02B6/26
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0005 , G02B6/3546 , G02B6/3556 , G02B6/3586 , H04Q2011/0026 , H04Q2011/003 , H04Q2011/0037 , H04Q2011/0039 , H04Q2011/0049 , H04Q2011/0083
摘要： Methods of calibrating and operating optical switches as well as optical switches in which the orientations of mirrors are measured and controlled using control light beams and position sensing detectors are described. The present invention may provide high resolution control of a plurality of mirrors in an optical switch and thus allow the optical switch to cross-connect a large number of input and output ports with a low insertion loss.

6. 发明授权

US06922500B2 Optical configuration for optical fiber switch 有权
标题翻译：光纤交换机的光学配置
公开(公告)号：US06922500B2
公开(公告)日：2005-07-26
申请号：US09999878
申请日：2001-10-24
申请人： Cheng-Chung Huang , Steven Saeed Nasiri , Randall Brian Sprague , Alex Harwit , Dmitry Vasily Bakin , Janusz Bryzek
发明人： Cheng-Chung Huang , Steven Saeed Nasiri , Randall Brian Sprague , Alex Harwit , Dmitry Vasily Bakin , Janusz Bryzek
IPC分类号： H04Q11/00 , G02B6/35
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0026
摘要： An optical fiber switch in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes a first plurality of ports, a second plurality of ports, a first plurality of mirrors disposed on a first surface, and a second plurality of mirrors disposed on a second surface. Each one of the first plurality of mirrors is individually controllable to direct light output from a corresponding one of the first plurality of ports to any one of the second plurality of mirrors. Each one of the second plurality of mirrors is individually controllable to direct to a corresponding one of the second plurality of ports light incident on it from any one of the first plurality of mirrors. Advantageously, optical fiber switches in accordance with embodiments of the present invention may couple more than a thousand input ports to more than a thousand output ports with an insertion loss of less than about 3 decibels.
摘要翻译：根据本发明实施例的光纤开关包括第一多个端口，第二多个端口，设置在第一表面上的第一多个反射镜和设置在第二表面上的第二多个反射镜。所述第一多个反射镜中的每一个单独可控制以将从所述第一多个端口中的相应一个端口的光输出引导到所述第二多个反射镜中的任何一个。所述第二多个反射镜中的每一个独立地可控制以将所述第二多个端口中的相应一个端口引导到从所述第一多个反射镜中的任何一个反射镜入射到其上的光。有利地，根据本发明的实施例的光纤交换机可将多于一千个输入端口耦合到多于一千个输出端口，插入损耗小于约3分贝。

7. 发明授权

US06636656B2 System architecture of optical switching fabric 失效
标题翻译：光交换结构体系结构
公开(公告)号：US06636656B2
公开(公告)日：2003-10-21
申请号：US10002310
申请日：2001-10-24
申请人： Cheng-Chung Huang , Steven S. Nasiri , Alex Harwit , Dmitry Vasily Bakin , Randall Brian Sprague , Janusz Bryzek
发明人： Cheng-Chung Huang , Steven S. Nasiri , Alex Harwit , Dmitry Vasily Bakin , Randall Brian Sprague , Janusz Bryzek
IPC分类号： G02B626
CPC分类号： G02B6/3512 , G02B6/359
摘要： An optical switching fabric enables an optical signal entering the device on any one of multiple input ports to be directed to any one of multiple output ports. The present optical switching fabrics include sensing and monitoring devices that permit precise initial calibration and continuous switch connection status monitoring and control. Light entering the switching fabric on an input port is reflected by one of a first set of individually controllable mirrors to one of a second set of individually controllable mirrors and then to a corresponding output port. The switching fabrics include control lasers and position sensing devices which provide output signals corresponding to the orientations of the mirrors. In addition, a subset of the input ports and output ports can be attached to monitor light sources and detectors for recalibration and control. Further, sensors for detecting the intensity of input signals, of signals that have been reflected by a mirror in the first set and by a mirror in the second set, and of signals backscattered from the output ports may be included.
摘要翻译：光交换结构使得能够将进入多个输入端口中的任何一个的设备的光信号引导到多个输出端口中的任何一个。本发明的光交换结构包括能够精确地进行初始校准和连续切换连接状态监视和控制的感测和监视设备。在输入端口上进入交换结构的光被第一组单独可控的反射镜中的一个反射到第二组单独可控的反射镜中的一个，然后到相应的输出端口。交换结构包括控制激光器和位置感测装置，其提供对应于反射镜取向的输出信号。此外，输入端口和输出端口的子集可以附加到监视光源和检测器上以进行重新校准和控制。此外，可以包括用于检测由第一组中的反射镜和第二组中的反射镜反射的信号的输入信号的强度的传感器和从输出端口反向散射的信号。

8. 发明授权

US5825525A Electro-optic modulator with voltage tunable quantum well waveguide cladding layer 失效
标题翻译：具有电压可调量子阱波导包层的电光调制器
公开(公告)号：US5825525A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-20
申请号：US586195
申请日：1996-01-12
申请人： Alex Harwit
发明人： Alex Harwit
IPC分类号： G02F1/015 , G02F1/017 , G02F1/025 , G02F1/03
CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 , G02F1/01708 , G02F1/025 , G02F2001/0157
摘要： An electro-optic modulator (300) comprises a multiple quantum well core layer (320) in which the band gap and refractive index are adjusted to make the core layer (320) transparent to light at a selected wavelength and a voltage tunable, multiple quantum well cladding layer (330) in which an exciton absorption provides the cladding layer (330) with a first refractive index that is less than the core refractive index when a first voltage is applied and a second refractive index that approaches or exceeds the core refractive index when a second voltage is applied. The exciton absorption also provides the voltage tunable cladding layer (330) with a substantially greater absorption coefficient at the selected wavelength than that of the core layer (320). The core and voltage tunable cladding layers (320, 330) are combined with a second cladding layer (310) to form a waveguide in which light is confined to the low loss core layer (320) in the first voltage state and diverted into the highly absorbing voltage tunable cladding layer (330) in the second voltage state. In a preferred embodiment of the modulator (300), the multiple quantum well core and cladding layers (320, 330) comprise GaAs quantum wells and AlGaAs barriers. The small effective absorption coefficient of the core layer (320) and the large difference between this absorption coefficient and that of the voltage tunable cladding layer (330) in the off state provide a modulator (300) characterized by a higher contrast ratio and, simultaneously, a lower insertion loss than are available from conventional electro-absorption or electro-refraction based modulators.
摘要翻译：电光调制器（300）包括多量子阱核心层（320），其中调整带隙和折射率以使芯层（320）对于选定波长的光和电压可调谐多重量子（320）是透明的其中激子吸收为包层（330）提供第一折射率，其在施加第一电压时小于芯折射率，并且第二折射率接近或超过芯折射率当施加第二电压时。激子吸收还提供在所选择的波长下比核心层（320）的吸收系数大得多的电压可调包层（330）。核心和电压可调谐包覆层（320,330）与第二覆层（310）组合以形成波导，其中光在第一电压状态下被限制在低损耗核心层（320），并被转移到高度在第二电压状态下的吸收电压可调谐包层（330）。在调制器（300）的优选实施例中，多个量子阱核心和包层（320,330）包括GaAs量子阱和AlGaAs屏障。核心层（320）的小的有效吸收系数和在该关闭状态下该吸收系数与电压可调谐包层（330）的吸收系数之差大的差异提供了一种以较高对比度为特征的调制器（300），同时，比常规电吸收或电折射基调制器可获得的插入损耗更小。

9. 发明授权

US07796174B1 Hybrid imager 有权
标题翻译：混合成像仪
公开(公告)号：US07796174B1
公开(公告)日：2010-09-14
申请号：US11695390
申请日：2007-04-02
申请人： Alex Harwit , David A. Dorn , Christopher Lynn Mears , Morley M. Blouke , Robert H. Philbrick , Theresa J. Axenson
发明人： Alex Harwit , David A. Dorn , Christopher Lynn Mears , Morley M. Blouke , Robert H. Philbrick , Theresa J. Axenson
IPC分类号： H04N3/14 , H04N5/335
CPC分类号： H04N5/335 , H01L27/14649 , H01L27/14806 , H01L27/14881 , H01L2224/48091 , H01L2224/48137 , H04N5/372 , H04N5/37206 , H04N5/374 , H04N5/378 , H01L2924/00014
摘要： The present invention relates to imaging systems that generally include at least a first substrate, on which a charge coupled device imaging sensor array is formed, and a second substrate on which readout circuitry is formed. Information related to the amount of light incident on pixels included in the imaging sensor array is passed to the readout circuitry as a voltage signal over an interconnection between the imaging sensor array and the readout circuitry. Accordingly, the readout circuitry may sample the output of the imaging sensor array multiple times. The system allows different processes to be used for forming the imaging sensor array and the readout circuitry, while also supporting multiple samples of information provided by the imaging sensor array.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及通常包括形成有电荷耦合器件成像传感器阵列的至少第一衬底和其上形成读出电路的第二衬底的成像系统。与成像传感器阵列中包括的像素相关的光量相关的信息作为成像传感器阵列和读出电路之间的互连上的电压信号传递到读出电路。因此，读出电路可以多次对成像传感器阵列的输出进行采样。该系统允许不同的过程用于形成成像传感器阵列和读出电路，同时还支持由成像传感器阵列提供的多个信息样本。

10. 发明申请

US20050048513A1 Rapid hybridization based on cyclical electric fields 审中-公开
标题翻译：基于周期电场的快速杂交
公开(公告)号：US20050048513A1
公开(公告)日：2005-03-03
申请号：US10695685
申请日：2003-10-28
申请人： Alex Harwit , Junhong Wang
发明人： Alex Harwit , Junhong Wang
IPC分类号： C12M3/00 , C12Q1/68 , G01N33/543 , C12M1/34 , G01N33/53
CPC分类号： C12Q1/6832 , C12M35/02 , C12Q1/6825 , G01N33/5438 , C12Q2523/307
摘要： An apparatus for rapid hybridization of molecules and its methods of use is provided. The apparatus generates cyclical electric fields for electrically moving molecules to specifically enhance the binding efficiency of the molecules with other molecules. The apparatus includes an electrode pair that is in direct contact with a buffer, which includes the molecules. The electrodes and/or a lid could be used to vent generated gases. A temperature controlling means could be used to control the temperature of the buffer. The apparatus is amenable to use with a wide variety of microarrays making it cost-effective.
摘要翻译：提供了分子快速杂交装置及其使用方法。该装置产生用于电移动分子的循环电场，以特异性地增强分子与其他分子的结合效率。该装置包括与包括分子的缓冲器直接接触的电极对。电极和/或盖可用于排出产生的气体。温度控制装置可用于控制缓冲器的温度。该仪器适用于各种微阵列，使其具有成本效益。

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