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    • 2. 发明授权
    • Motion vector estimation based on statistical features of an image frame
    • 基于图像帧的统计特征的运动矢量估计
    • US06463164B1
    • 2002-10-08
    • US09137400
    • 1998-08-20
    • Yi-Jen ChiuJohn Hartung
    • Yi-Jen ChiuJohn Hartung
    • G06K900
    • G06T7/277
    • A method for estimating motion vectors between a current frame and a reference frame of a video signal wherein the current frame is divided into a plurality of search blocks and the reference frame and is defined to include a plurality of search regions corresponding to the plurality of search blocks, each of the plural search regions having a plurality of candidate blocks. The method includes the steps of calculating horizontal and vertical features of a reference frame based on pixel data of the reference frame; storing the calculated horizontal and vertical features; computing horizontal and vertical features of a kth search block of the plurality of search blocks; comparing the horizontal and vertical features of the kth search block with those of each of the plurality of candidate blocks of the reference frame in a corresponding search region using a computationally-efficient error measure; selecting a candidate block which yields a minimal error measure; and computing a motion vector for the kth search block based on the selected candidate block.
    • 一种用于估计视频信号的当前帧和参考帧之间的运动矢量的方法,其中当前帧被划分为多个搜索块和参考帧,并且被定义为包括与多个搜索对应的多个搜索区域 多个搜索区域中的每一个具有多个候选块。 该方法包括基于参考帧的像素数据计算参考帧的水平和垂直特征的步骤; 存储计算的水平和垂直特征; 计算所述多个搜索块的第k个搜索块的水平和垂直特征; 使用计算有效的误差测量将第k个搜索块的水平和垂直特征与参考帧的多个候选块中的每一个的相应搜索区域的水平和垂直特征进行比较; 选择产生最小误差测量的候选块; 以及基于所选择的候选块来计算第k个搜索块的运动矢量。
    • 3. 发明授权
    • Perceptual-based spatio-temporal segmentation for motion estimation
    • 用于运动估计的基于感知的时空分割
    • US06360017B1
    • 2002-03-19
    • US09239135
    • 1999-01-28
    • Yi-Jen ChiuJohn HartungArnaud Eric JacquinRobert James Safranek
    • Yi-Jen ChiuJohn HartungArnaud Eric JacquinRobert James Safranek
    • G06K936
    • H04N19/137H04N19/107H04N19/176H04N19/51H04N19/61
    • A method of encoding a video sequence including a sequence of video images includes first comparing elements of a portion of a first video image (e.g., pixels of a macroblock of a current frame) with elements of a portion of a second video image (e.g., corresponding pixels of a macroblock of a previous frame) to generate respective intensity difference values for the element comparisons. Then, a first value (e.g., one) is assigned to the intensity difference values that are above a visually perceptible threshold value and a second value (e.g., zero) is assigned to the intensity difference values that are at or below the visually perceptible threshold value. Next, the method includes summing the first and second values to generate a sum. If the sum is greater than a predetermined decision value, the portion of the first video image is encoded (e.g., motion compensated). The method is fully compatible and, thus, may be implemented with video standards such as, for example, H.261, H.263, Motion-JPEG, MPEG-1, and MPEG-2.
    • 对包括视频图像序列的视频序列进行编码的方法包括将第一视频图像的一部分(例如,当前帧的宏块的像素)与第二视频图像的一部分的元素(例如, 前一帧的宏块的相应像素)以产生用于元素比较的各个强度差值。 然后,将第一值(例如,一个)分配给高于视觉上可察觉的阈值的强度差值,并且将第二值(例如,零)分配给视觉上可见阈值或以下的强度差值 值。 接下来,该方法包括对第一和第二值求和以产生和。 如果和大于预定的判定值,则对第一视频图像的部分进行编码(例如,运动补偿)。 该方法是完全兼容的,并且因此可以利用诸如H.261,H.263,Motion-JPEG,MPEG-1和MPEG-2之类的视频标准来实现。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • Method and apparatus for video frame selection for improved coding quality at low bit-rates
    • 用于以低比特率提高编码质量的视频帧选择的方法和装置
    • US06804294B1
    • 2004-10-12
    • US09131960
    • 1998-08-11
    • John HartungDavid Malah
    • John HartungDavid Malah
    • H04B166
    • H04N19/132H04N19/137H04N19/172H04N19/52H04N19/587H04N19/85H04N19/895
    • A method and apparatus for advantageously selecting video frames to be coded in order to improve the coding quality of a low bit-rate coder. In particular, temporal sub-sampling (i.e., selecting a set of frames to be coded from the complete incoming sequence of frames) is performed so that the frames which are to be coded are advantageously selected based upon a coding criterion, such as, for example, prediction gain (i.e., reduction in DFD variance). Specifically, in one illustrative embodiment, a larger number of frames are advantageously selected during periods of fast change, and correspondingly fewer frames are selected during other periods, while thereby keeping the overall apparent frame-rate fixed. The fixed frame-rate may, for example, be maintained by grouping the incoming sequence of frames into sequential groups of M consecutive frames, and then selecting exactly one frame per every M input frames, while permitting the selected frame to be at any advantageously selected location within the group of M frames. Thus, non-uniform frame selection is achieved, even though exactly one frame is actually coded within each superframe. Moreover, by basing the specific frame selection on an appropriate coding criterion (e.g., prediction gain), a substantial improvement in coder performance may be achieved for those critical portions of the video sequence during which a conventional coder's performance may be drastically reduced, without changing the apparent frame-rate.
    • 一种有利地选择要编码的视频帧以便提高低比特率编码器的编码质量的方法和装置。 特别地,执行时间子采样(即,从完整的输入帧序列中选择要编码的一组帧),以便有利地基于编码标准来选择要编码的帧,例如,对于 例如,预测增益(即DFD方差的减少)。 具体地,在一个说明性实施例中,在快速改变的时段期间有利地选择较大数量的帧,并且在其他周期期间相应地选择较少的帧,同时保持整体明显的帧速率固定。 固定帧速率可以例如通过将输入的帧序列分组成M个连续帧的顺序组来保持,然后每M个输入帧精确地选择一个帧,同时允许选择的帧在任何有利地被选择 M组内的位置。 因此,即使在每个超帧内实际上编码了一个帧,也实现了非均匀的帧选择。 此外,通过将特定帧选择基于适当的编码标准(例如,预测增益),可以对于视频序列的关键部分实现编码器性能的显着改进,在该序列期间,可以显着降低常规编码器的性能,而不改变 明显的帧率。