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1. 发明授权

US4016189A Process for producing a gas which can be substituted for natural gas 失效
标题翻译：用于生产可代替天然气的气体的方法
公开(公告)号：US4016189A
公开(公告)日：1977-04-05
申请号：US598085
申请日：1975-07-22
申请人： Wolf-Dieter Muller , Friedrich-Wilhelm Moller , Heinz Jockel
发明人： Wolf-Dieter Muller , Friedrich-Wilhelm Moller , Heinz Jockel
IPC分类号： C07C1/02 , C07C1/00 , C07C9/04 , C07C67/00 , C10K3/02 , C10K3/04 , C10L3/08 , C07C1/04
CPC分类号： C10L3/08
摘要： A gas which can be substituted for natural gas is produced from a raw gas containing hydrogen and carbon oxides which is produced by the gasification of coal, tar or heavy residual oils under superatmospheric pressure. The raw gas is cooled, purified to remove catalyst poisons, particularly sulfur compounds, and then subjected to methanation and at least two stages in contact with nickel catalysts under pressures of 5-100 bars and at temperatures in the range of 200.degree.-500.degree. C. The product gas from the preceding methanation stage is reacted in the last methanation stage in contact with a catalyst which is indirectly cooled by a gas flowing in a countercurrent to the gas to be reacted.
摘要翻译：可以替代天然气的气体由含有氢气和碳氧化物的原料气体产生，该气体是在超大气压下通过煤，焦油或重质残油的气化生产的。原料气体被冷却，纯化以除去催化剂毒物，特别是硫化合物，然后在5-100巴的压力和200-500℃的温度范围内进行甲烷化和至少两个阶段与镍催化剂接触。 C.来自前一个甲烷化阶段的产物气体在最后的甲烷化阶段中与与被反应的气体逆流流动的气体间接冷却的催化剂接触而反应。

2. 发明授权

US3988425A Process of producing carbon monoxide from light hydrocarbons 失效
标题翻译：从轻质烃生产一氧化碳的工艺
公开(公告)号：US3988425A
公开(公告)日：1976-10-26
申请号：US493203
申请日：1974-07-30
申请人： Heinz Jockel , Friedrich Wilhelm Moller , Hans Gunter Mortel , Heiner Tanz
发明人： Heinz Jockel , Friedrich Wilhelm Moller , Hans Gunter Mortel , Heiner Tanz
IPC分类号： C10G11/20 , C01B3/38 , C01B3/50 , C01B32/40 , C01B31/00 , C01B1/18
CPC分类号： C01B31/18 , C01B3/38 , Y02P20/52 , Y02P30/446
摘要： Carbon monoxide is produced from light hydrocarbons having an average C number not greater than 15 by catalytic cracking with water vapor in two cracking stages followed by separation of the carbon monoxide from the product gas employing the following steps:I. mixing the hydrocarbon feedstock with 0.02-0.1 standard cubic meter hydrogen per kilogram;Ii. subjecting this mixture to hot desulfurization;Iii. mixing the desulfurized mixture with superheated process steam in a ratio of 1.1-1.7 moles per mole of carbon in the feedstock;Iv. converting the resulting mixture in contact with nickel catalysts in a first cracking stage at temperatures of 300.degree.-500.degree. C. and thereafter, after a partial pressure relief, in a second stage at temperatures above 825.degree. C.; andV. cooling the product gas which is rich in carbon monoxide and hydrogen, removing carbon dioxide and water vapor from the cooled product gas, and then decomposing said product gas at low temperatures recovering carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
摘要翻译：一氧化碳由平均C值不大于15的轻烃生产，通过在两个裂解阶段用水蒸汽进行催化裂化，然后使用以下步骤从产物气中分离一氧化碳：

3. 发明授权

US3990867A Process of producing a high-methane gas interchangeable with natural gas 失效
标题翻译：生产与天然气可互换的高甲烷气体的方法
公开(公告)号：US3990867A
公开(公告)日：1976-11-09
申请号：US593088
申请日：1975-07-03
申请人： Gerhard Baron , Heinz Jockel , Friedrich-Wilhelm Moller
发明人： Gerhard Baron , Heinz Jockel , Friedrich-Wilhelm Moller
IPC分类号： C10G47/00 , C10L3/08 , C10G11/28 , C01B2/14
CPC分类号： C10L3/08 , C10G2400/26
摘要： High-methane, low-hydrogen gas, interchangeable with natural gas, is prepared by reacting hydrocarbons with steam in the presence of a nickel-based catalyst at elevated temperatures and pressures. The hydrocarbons and the steam are fed to the reaction in mixture with product gas from the process from which substantially all carbon dioxide has been removed.
摘要翻译：在高温和高压下，在镍基催化剂存在下，使烃与蒸汽反应制备高甲烷，低氢气，与天然气互换。将烃和蒸汽与来自已经除去基本上所有二氧化碳的过程的产物气体混合进料至反应物。

4. 发明授权

US4316880A Process for producing carbon monoxide and hydrogen from methanol 失效
标题翻译：从甲醇生产一氧化碳和氢气的方法
公开(公告)号：US4316880A
公开(公告)日：1982-02-23
申请号：US147040
申请日：1980-05-06
申请人： Heinz Jockel , Friedemann Marschner , Friedrich W. Moller , Hans-Gunter Mortel
发明人： Heinz Jockel , Friedemann Marschner , Friedrich W. Moller , Hans-Gunter Mortel
IPC分类号： C01B3/22 , C01B3/50 , C01B31/18 , C01B1/13
CPC分类号： C01B3/22
摘要： A process is described for producing carbon monoxide and hydrogen which comprises contacting methanol vapor at a temperature of 200.degree. to 500.degree. C. with an indirectly heated zinc containing catalyst while said methanol vapor is at a pressure in a range of 2 to 50 bars, whereby to obtain an effluent gas in which the components of carbon monoxide and hydrogen constitute at least 90% by volume of said gas, removing at least a part of the impurities from said effluent gas and separating said effluent gas into its carbon monoxide and hydrogen components by adsorption. The effluent gas can be separated into its carbon monoxide and hydrogen components by use of a plurality of adsorbers containing zeolite-type molecular sieve material where the zeolite is substantially permeable to hydrogen but sorbs carbon monoxide.
摘要翻译：描述了一种用于生产一氧化碳和氢气的方法，其包括在200-500℃的温度下将间接加热的含锌催化剂接触甲醇蒸气，同时所述甲醇蒸气的压力范围为2-50巴，从而获得其中一氧化碳和氢气的组分构成至少90体积％的所述气体的废气，从所述废气中除去至少一部分杂质并将所述废气分离成其一氧化碳和氢组分通过吸附。废气可以通过使用多种含沸石型分子筛材料的吸附剂分离成其一氧化碳和氢组分，其中沸石基本上可以渗透氢气而吸收一氧化碳。

5. 发明授权

US4101376A Tubular heater for cracking hydrocarbons 失效
标题翻译：用于裂解碳氢化合物的管式加热器
公开(公告)号：US4101376A
公开(公告)日：1978-07-18
申请号：US724125
申请日：1976-09-17
申请人： Gerhard Cornelius , Heinz Jockel , Hans Kupfer
发明人： Gerhard Cornelius , Heinz Jockel , Hans Kupfer
IPC分类号： B01J8/06 , C01B3/38 , G21C1/00
CPC分类号： B01J8/062 , C01B3/384 , B01J2208/00132 , B01J2208/00212
摘要： A reactor for reacting hydrocarbons with steam to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen containing gases in the presence of a catalyst contained in a reaction tube and indirectly heated by heating fluid which is a gas that has been used to cool a nuclear reactor. The reaction tubes are surrounded by the heating fluid over a portion of their length in a heating zone and the other portion thereof is positioned outside of the heating zone. The reaction tubes are provided with one or more conduits for feeding of reactants and one or more conduits for discharging product gas.
摘要翻译：一种用于使烃与蒸汽反应以在催化剂存在下产生一氧化碳和含氢气体的反应器，该催化剂包含在反应管中，并通过加热作为用于冷却核反应堆的气体的流体间接加热。反应管在加热区域中被加热流体的一部分长度包围，其另一部分位于加热区的外部。反应管设置有用于进料反应物的一个或多个导管和用于排出产物气体的一个或多个导管。

6. 发明授权

US3980452A Process for supplying heat to chemical reactions 失效
标题翻译：向化学反应提供热量的方法
公开(公告)号：US3980452A
公开(公告)日：1976-09-14
申请号：US634994
申请日：1975-11-24
申请人： Hagen Krumm , Heinz Jockel , Klaus VON Walter , Kurt Restin , Robert Kuhn
发明人： Hagen Krumm , Heinz Jockel , Klaus VON Walter , Kurt Restin , Robert Kuhn
IPC分类号： B01B1/00 , C01B3/38 , F23L15/00 , F23M99/00 , C01B2/14
CPC分类号： F23L15/00 , B01B1/005 , C01B3/384 , F23M20/00 , Y02E20/348 , Y02P20/129
摘要： Heat is supplied to chemical reactions, especially reactions involving the cracking of hydrocarbons for producing gas, by the combustion of fuels with heated combustion air followed by a heat exchange extraction of sensible heat from the flue gases produced by the combustion for heating air for the combustion. The hot reaction product is at least partly air cooled and the resulting heated cooling air is passed at least partly through the air preheater before the air is used as heated combustion air.
摘要翻译：热量被提供给化学反应，特别是涉及用于产生气体的碳氢化合物开裂的反应，通过燃烧具有加热的燃烧空气的燃料，然后从燃烧产生的烟道气中热交换提取用于加热燃烧的空气。热反应产物至少部分地被空气冷却，并且所得到的加热的冷却空气在空气用作加热的燃烧空气之前至少部分地通过空气预热器。

7. 发明授权

US4331449A Process of producing town gas from methanol 失效
标题翻译：从甲醇生产城镇煤气的过程
公开(公告)号：US4331449A
公开(公告)日：1982-05-25
申请号：US186865
申请日：1980-09-12
申请人： Heinz Jockel , Friedrich W. Moller , Hans J. Renner , Gerd Siebert
发明人： Heinz Jockel , Friedrich W. Moller , Hans J. Renner , Gerd Siebert
IPC分类号： C01B3/32 , C10K3/02 , C10L3/00 , C10L3/08 , C01B3/02
CPC分类号： C10L3/00 , C01B3/323 , C01B3/326 , C10L3/08 , C01B2203/1052 , C01B2203/1076 , Y02P20/52
摘要： A process of producing a town-gas-grade fuel gas having a calorific value below 18,000 kJ/standard m.sup.3 (4,300 kcal/standard m.sup.3) by a catalytic reaction of methanol and water vapor under a pressure of 10 to 50 bars is disclosed wherein 80 to 95 percent of the mixed feedstock (methanol and water vapor) is fed in a water vapor to methanol weight ratio of 0.5 to 1.5 to a first reaction zone where it is maintained at a temperature of 300.degree. to 700.degree. C. in contact with a nickel catalyst containing 25 to 50 weight percent nickel, the remainder of the mixed feedstock being mixed with the effluent gas from the first reaction zone and together passed to a second reaction zone at a temperature of 200.degree. to 400.degree. C. and therein contacted with a copper catalyst containing 40 to 70 percent by weight copper.
摘要翻译：公开了在10至50巴的压力下通过甲醇和水蒸气的催化反应生产热值低于18,000kJ /标准立方米（4300千卡/标准立方米）的城镇燃气级燃料气体的方法，其中80 将95％的混合原料（甲醇和水蒸气）以水蒸汽与甲醇的重量比为0.5-1.5的比例加入到第一反应区，在第一反应区中保持在与300℃至700℃接触的温度含有25-50重量％镍的镍催化剂，剩余的混合原料与来自第一反应区的废气混合，并一起在200-400℃的温度下通入第二反应区，其中铜催化剂含有40至70重量％的铜。

8. 发明授权

US4203915A Process of producing methanol 失效
标题翻译：生产甲醇的方法
公开(公告)号：US4203915A
公开(公告)日：1980-05-20
申请号：US945727
申请日：1978-09-25
申请人： Emil Supp , Heinz Jockel , Hagen Krumm , Friedemann Marschner
发明人： Emil Supp , Heinz Jockel , Hagen Krumm , Friedemann Marschner
IPC分类号： B01B1/00 , C01B3/38 , C07C29/151 , C07C31/04 , C07C31/06
CPC分类号： C07C29/1518 , B01B1/005 , C01B3/38 , C07C29/1512
摘要： In the production of methanol from gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons having a higher C/H ratio than is stoichiometrically required to produce methanol, wherein said hydrocarbons are catalytically cracked in the presence of water vapor and at a temperature of about 350.degree.-950.degree. C. and under a pressure of about 5-30 bars to produce a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and oxides of carbon, followed by a catalytic reaction of the hydrogen with the oxides of carbon at a temperature of about 230.degree.-280.degree. C. and under a pressure of about 30-150 bars to produce methanol, the improvement which comprises treating the methanol synthesis exhaust gas so as to remove therefrom carbonaceous gaseous constituents so that the residual gas is high in hydrogen, and adding said high-hydrogen residual gas to the hydrocarbons prior to cracking in an amount such that the C/H ratio of the material to be cracked is up to about 5.7, thereby reducing the energy consumption per unit of methanol produced. Advantageously, the cracking of said hydrocarbons is effected in two stages, the carbonaceous gaseous constituents removed from the methanol synthesis exhaust gas being used for indirect heating of the second cracking stage. The removal of the carbonaceous gaseous constituents from the methanol synthesis exhaust gas is effected by contacting such exhaust gas with a molecular sieve, at least part of the high-hydrogen residual gas being added to the hydrocarbons before the second stage, the mixture of hydrocarbons and high-hydrogen residual gas being treated to effect hydrogenation and desulfurization of the hydrocarbons.
摘要翻译：在生产甲醇时，由具有比化学计量学上要求的甲醇高的C / H比的气态和液态烃生产甲醇，其中所述烃在水蒸汽存在下和约350-950℃的温度下被催化裂解。并且在约5-30巴的压力下产生含有氢和碳氧化物的合成气，然后在约230℃-280℃的温度下将氢与碳氧化物进行催化反应，并在约30-150巴的压力产生甲醇，其改进包括处理甲醇合成废气以从其中除去含碳气体成分，使得残余气体的氢气高，并将高氢残留气体加入烃中在使裂化材料的C / H比高达约5.7的量开裂之前，从而降低每单位产生的甲醇的能量消耗。有利地，所述烃的裂化分两个阶段进行，从甲醇合成废气中除去的含碳气体成分用于第二裂解阶段的间接加热。从甲醇合成废气中除去含碳气体成分是通过使这种废气与分子筛接触，至少部分高氢残余气体在第二阶段之前加入到烃中，烃的混合物和处理高氢残余气体以进行烃的氢化和脱硫。

9. 发明授权

US4271086A Production of methanol 失效
标题翻译：生产甲醇
公开(公告)号：US4271086A
公开(公告)日：1981-06-02
申请号：US35964
申请日：1979-05-04
申请人： Emil Supp , Heinz Jockel , Gerhard Cornelius , Friedmann Marschner
发明人： Emil Supp , Heinz Jockel , Gerhard Cornelius , Friedmann Marschner
IPC分类号： C07C29/15 , B01J23/00 , C01B3/38 , C07B61/00 , C07C27/00 , C07C29/151 , C07C29/154 , C07C31/04 , C07C67/00 , C07C27/06
CPC分类号： C07C29/1518 , C01B3/38 , Y02P20/52
摘要： In the production of methanol from gaseous hydrocarbons having a lower C/H ratio than is stoichiometrically required to produce methanol and comprising the steps of catalytically cracking said hydrocarbons in the presence of water vapor at about 830.degree. to 930.degree. C. and about 5 to 30 bars to produce a synthesis gas consisting essentially of hydrogen and oxides of carbon, and subsequently catalytically converting said synthesis gas of hydrogen and oxides of carbon to methanol at about 230.degree. to 280.degree. C. and about 30 to 150 bars, the improvement which comprises transferring heat from the hot synthesis gas to the hydrocarbon-water vapor mixture flowing through the cracking catalyst thereby providing at least part of the heat required for the catalytic cracking of the hydrocarbons and reducing the consumption of thermal-/energy per unit of methanol produced. Advantageously, heat transfer is effected by passing the hot synthesis gas through a convoluted or corrugated tube embedded in the hydrocarbon cracking catalyst. Gaseous carbon-containing constituents of the methanol synthesis exhaust gas are removed by adsorption, and desorption; CO.sub.2 may later be removed from the residual methanol synthesis exhaust gas by methanol scrubbing and subsequent stripping, both the desorbed constituents and the CO.sub.2 being mixed with the hydrocarbons before they are cracked, whereby the C/H ratio of the hydrocarbon feed is raised and the consumption of the thermal-/energy per unit of methanol produced is reduced.
摘要翻译：在生产甲醇的过程中，C / H比C / H比低于生产甲醇所需要的化学计量比的气态烃，并且包括在水蒸气存在下在约830-930℃和约5℃下催化裂化所述烃的步骤 30巴以产生基本上由氢和碳的氧化物组成的合成气，随后将氢的合成气和碳的氧化物在约230℃至280℃和约30至150巴下催化转化成甲醇，其改进是包括将热量从热合成气转移到流过裂解催化剂的烃 - 水蒸汽混合物，从而提供烃的催化裂化所需的至少一部分热量，并减少每单位产生的甲醇的热能/能量消耗。有利地，通过使热合成气通过嵌入在烃裂化催化剂中的卷积或波纹管来实现热传递。通过吸附除去甲醇合成废气的气态含碳成分，解吸; 随后可以通过甲醇洗涤和随后的汽提将二氧化碳从残留的甲醇合成废气中除去，解吸组分和二氧化碳在烃裂解前与烃混合，从而提高烃进料的C / H比消耗每单位产生的甲醇的热能/能量减少。

10. 发明授权

US4205961A Process of producing a natural gas substitute 失效
标题翻译：生产天然气替代品的过程
公开(公告)号：US4205961A
公开(公告)日：1980-06-03
申请号：US918544
申请日：1978-06-23
申请人： Friedrich-Wilheim Moller , Wolf D. Muller , Heinz Jockel
发明人： Friedrich-Wilheim Moller , Wolf D. Muller , Heinz Jockel
IPC分类号： C07C1/02 , C07C1/00 , C07C1/04 , C07C9/04 , C07C67/00 , C10K3/04 , C10L3/08
CPC分类号： C10L3/08
摘要： An improvement in the production of a natural gas substitute comprising at least about 80% of methane by volume by multi-stage methanation of a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and oxides of carbon over fixed-bed nickel-containing catalysts under a pressure of about 5 to 100 bars. The starting synthesis gas, preferably produced by oxygen and water gasification of coal, has about 8 to 25% by volume of methane on a dry basis. It is methanated in a first stage at an inlet temperature of about 230.degree.-400.degree. C. and an outlet temperature of about 550.degree. to 750.degree. C. and then in a second stage at about 230.degree. to 500.degree. C. The process is economical with respect to heat consumption and equipment cost.
摘要翻译：在固定床含镍催化剂的约5〜5的压力下，通过多级甲烷化含有氢和碳氧化物的合成气的天然气替代物的生产改进，包括至少约80％的甲烷体积 100个酒吧。起始的合成气，优选通过氧气和煤气化产生的煤，具有基于干燥的约8至25体积％的甲烷。在约230-400℃的入口温度和约550℃至750℃的出口温度，然后在约230℃至500℃的第二阶段中，在第一阶段甲烷化。该方法在热消耗和设备成本方面是经济的。

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