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    • 5. 发明授权
    • Method of treating a battery electrode with persulfate
    • 用过硫酸盐处理电池电极的方法
    • US5149606A
    • 1992-09-22
    • US667878
    • 1991-03-12
    • Norma K. BullockRalph A. Petersen
    • Norma K. BullockRalph A. Petersen
    • H01M4/20
    • H01M4/20
    • Improved formation efficiencies for positive pasted plates used in lead-acid batteries are provided by treatment of the positive plates with a stabilized aqueous alkaline persulfate solution to effect the conversion of lead monoxide to lead dioxide. Use of the alkaline persulfate solution enhances both formation and initial performance of the fabricated batteries. A stabilizing agent is added to the alkaline persulfate solution to stabilize the lead sulfate and basic lead sulfates in the paste. A preferred method for producing positive plates of a lead-acid battery comprises the steps of (a) heating the pasted plate, (b) spray coating with or dipping the plate in a persulfate solution, and (c) reheating the plate to accelerate the reaction of lead monoxide with persulfate to form lead dioxide. The persulfate treatment may be applied to uncured pasted plates and used with plate paste containing free lead, and the spray-coating procedure offers an easy and efficient manufacturing step.
    • 通过用稳定的碱性过硫酸碱溶液处理正极板来实现铅酸电池中用于阳性糊状板的改善的生成效率,以实现一氧化二铅转化为二氧化铅。 碱性过硫酸盐溶液的使用增强了所制造的电池的形成和初始性能。 向碱性过硫酸盐溶液中加入稳定剂以稳定糊状物中的硫酸铅和碱式硫酸铅。 用于制造铅酸电池正极板的优选方法包括以下步骤:(a)加热所述粘贴板,(b)将所述板喷涂或浸渍在过硫酸盐溶液中,和(c)重新加热所述板以加速所述板 一氧化碳与过硫酸盐反应形成二氧化铅。 过硫酸盐处理可以应用于未固化的糊状板,并与含有游离铅的板状膏一起使用,并且喷涂程序提供了简单和有效的制造步骤。
    • 6. 发明授权
    • Apparatus and method for controlling a charging voltage of a battery
based on battery temperature
    • 基于电池温度控制电池的充电电压的装置和方法
    • US5623195A
    • 1997-04-22
    • US263971
    • 1994-06-22
    • Norma K. BullockDouglas G. FentTrung V. Nguyen
    • Norma K. BullockDouglas G. FentTrung V. Nguyen
    • H01M10/44H02J7/00H01M10/46
    • H01M10/443H02J7/0091
    • A battery charging system controls and modifies the output voltage of the charging rectifier in response to differing temperature ranges of the battery. At a low range of temperatures starting at a low temperature (e.g. within a range of 0 to 25.degree. C. to about 53.degree. C.) the rectifier voltage decreases as the temperature increases to prevent charging current from rising as the battery temperature increases. This change is performed in accord with a linear graphical slope relating the change of charging voltage to temperature. A suitable charging voltage decrease rate may be 3 mV/.degree. C./cell with a range of 1.5 mV/.degree. C./cell to 5 mV/.degree. C./cell being acceptable. Reduction of the charging voltage within this range reduces the aging effect of high temperature operation of the battery. The charging voltage applied to the battery is held at a constant value over a subsequent range of temperatures (e.g. 53.degree. C. to 75.degree. C.) in order to prevent accelerated grid corrosion within the battery, which normally occurs as the voltage approaches the fully charged open circuit voltage level of the battery. At attainment of a high threshold temperature at the high end of the second temperature range (e.g. 75.degree. C.) the charging voltage level is dropped as a step function to a level below the fully charged open circuit voltage threshold of the battery to arrest the thermal runaway situation. At this level the battery is maintained at partial, but not full, state of charge by the rectifiers, and an alarm signal is generated to alert the maintenance staff to this situation.
    • 电池充电系统响应于电池的不同温度范围来控制和修改充电整流器的输出电压。 在从低温(例如在0至25℃至约53℃的范围内)的低温范围内,整流器电压随温度升高而降低,以防止充电电流随电池温度升高而升高。 该变化是根据与充电电压与温度的变化有关的线性图形斜率来进行的。 合适的充电电压降低速率可以是3mV /℃/小时,范围为1.5mV /℃/小时至5mV /℃/小时。 在此范围内降低充电电压可以降低电池高温运行的老化效应。 施加到电池的充电电压在随后的温度范围(例如53℃至75℃)下保持恒定值,以防止电池内的加速电网腐蚀,这通常在电压接近 电池充满电开路电压电平。 在第二温度范围(例如75℃)的高端达到高阈值温度时,充电电压电平作为阶梯功能下降到低于电池的充满电开路电压阈值的水平,以阻止 热失控情况。 在该级别,整流器将电池维持在部分状态,但不是完全充电状态,并且产生报警信号以警告维护人员这种情况。
    • 7. 发明授权
    • Thermocell
    • 热电池
    • US5372691A
    • 1994-12-13
    • US893371
    • 1992-06-04
    • Wen-Hong KaoNorma K. Bullock
    • Wen-Hong KaoNorma K. Bullock
    • C25B11/06H01M2/10H01M10/50H01M12/08C25B9/00C25B11/03C25B13/04
    • H01M12/08H01M10/615H01M10/625H01M10/647H01M10/6571H01M10/663H01M2/1083Y02E60/128
    • A thermocell includes a negative electrode, such as a lead-acid electrode, and a porous oxygen (air) electrode disposed in a housing and separated by a separator. During discharge, oxygen is allowed to permeate through the oxygen electrode and separator to reach the negative electrode. Chemical oxidation of the negative electrode by oxygen in the presence of sulfuric acid yields water, lead sulfate, and heat. The heat can be used in many ways, such as warming up an adjoining automotive battery in winter, or as a personal heating pad. The heating rate is controlled by the rate of oxygen ingress. When not in use, the oxygen electrode is sealed by taping or by other means to stop ingress of oxygen. The used thermocell can be recharged by charging the negative electrode while evolving oxygen at the oxygen electrode.
    • 热电池包括负极,例如铅酸电极,以及设置在壳体中并由隔膜隔开的多孔氧(空气)电极。 在放电期间,允许氧渗透通过氧电极和分离器到达负电极。 在硫酸存在下用氧气对负极进行化学氧化产生水,硫酸铅和热。 热量可以通过多种方式使用,例如在冬天预热相邻的汽车电池,或者作为个人加热垫。 加热速度由氧气进入速率控制。 当不使用时,氧电极通过胶带或其他方式密封以阻止氧气进入。 使用的热电池可以通过在负极上充电同时在氧电极上放出氧气来再充电。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Extended shelf-life battery
    • 延长保质期电池
    • US5219676A
    • 1993-06-15
    • US675748
    • 1991-03-27
    • Norma K. BullockJames S. Symanski
    • Norma K. BullockJames S. Symanski
    • H01M6/30H01M10/02H01M10/10
    • H01M10/10H01M10/02H01M6/30
    • The present invention provides a method for maintaining the specific gravity of acid in a lead-acid battery within a predetermined range to prevent undesirable plate degradation and gassing during storage. Extended shelf-life is accomplished by employing a battery which is formed to the desired voltage and which is stored in a damp condition with the electrolyte maintained in a range which, in the most preferred embodiment, is between about 1.015 and 1.320. A desiccant, for example a gelled sulfuric acid desiccant, is placed in the battery housing, out of contact with the plates, to absorb the water vapor which is generated by the self-discharge reactions. The amount of desiccant is selected so that all the water vapor formed during such reactions is removed to maintain the specific gravity of the electrolyte in said range. Extended shelf-life results, and the desiccant can be used to form the battery electrolyte at the time it is desired to place the battery in service.
    • 本发明提供一种将铅酸电池中的酸的比重保持在预定范围内的方法,以防止在储存期间不期望的板劣化和气化。 延长保质期是通过使用形成为期望电压并且在潮湿条件下储存的电池来实现的,其中电解液保持在最优选的实施方案中在约1.015和1.320之间的范围内。 将干燥剂,例如凝胶硫酸干燥剂放置在电池壳体中,与板不接触,以吸收由自放电反应产生的水蒸汽。 选择干燥剂的量使得在这种反应期间形成的所有水蒸汽被去除以将电解质的比重维持在所述范围内。 扩展保质期的结果,并且干燥剂可以用于在期望将电池放置在使用中时形成电池电解质。