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1. 发明授权

US06410880B1 Induction plasma torch liquid waste injector 失效
标题翻译：感应等离子炬液体废液注射器
公开(公告)号：US06410880B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-25
申请号：US09480097
申请日：2000-01-10
申请人： Sergei Putvinski , Stephen F. Agnew , Tihiro Ohkawa , Leigh Sevier
发明人： Sergei Putvinski , Stephen F. Agnew , Tihiro Ohkawa , Leigh Sevier
IPC分类号： B23K1000
CPC分类号： H05H1/30 , H05H1/42
摘要： A plasma torch for vaporizing a molten salt containing a volatile component and a refractory component injects the molten salt into a device that includes a cylindrical shaped outer member and a cylindrical shaped inner member coaxially positioned inside the outer member to surround a chamber. An induction coil positioned between the inner and outer members generates r.f. power which is initially used to vaporize the volatile component of the molten salt to create a carrier gas having an elevated temperature. The carrier gas then heats the refractory component, under an increased vapor pressure from the carrier gas. This action, in turn, breaks down the refractory component of the molten salt into fine droplets. These fine droplets are maintained in the chamber until they also vaporize. In one embodiment, the plasma torch includes a nozzle for spraying droplets of the molten salt into said chamber. In another embodiment, a jet is positioned at the entrance of the chamber to direct the molten salt tangentially onto the inner wall. This creates a film of the molten salt which partially evaporates in the chamber. For this embodiment a diverter is positioned at the exit of the chamber to redirect unevaporated molten salt back to the jet for recycling.
摘要翻译：用于蒸发含有挥发性组分和耐火成分的熔融盐的等离子体焰炬将熔融盐注入包括圆筒形外部构件和同轴位于外部构件内部以围绕室的圆柱形内部构件的装置中。定位在内部和外部构件之间的感应线圈产生r.f. 其最初用于蒸发熔融盐的挥发性组分以产生具有升高的温度的载气。然后，载体气体在来自载气的增加的蒸气压下加热耐火构件。这一动作又将熔融盐的难熔组分分解成细小的液滴。这些细小的液滴保持在室中，直到它们也蒸发。在一个实施例中，等离子体焰炬包括用于将熔融盐的液滴喷射到所述室中的喷嘴。在另一个实施例中，射流位于腔室的入口处，以将熔融盐切向地引导到内壁上。这产生了在室中部分蒸发的熔盐的膜。对于该实施例，转向器位于腔室的出口处，以将未蒸发的熔融盐重新定向到喷射器以进行再循环。

2. 发明授权

US06398920B1 Partially ionized plasma mass filter 有权
标题翻译：部分电离质量过滤器
公开(公告)号：US06398920B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-04
申请号：US09790357
申请日：2001-02-21
申请人： Tihiro Ohkawa , Robert L. Miller , Sergei Putvinski , Richard L. Freeman
发明人： Tihiro Ohkawa , Robert L. Miller , Sergei Putvinski , Richard L. Freeman
IPC分类号： B01J1908
CPC分类号： H01J49/328
摘要： A filter and a method for separating ions in a partially ionized plasma according to their mass includes a chamber with crossed electric and magnetic fields established therein. A feed, including metal atoms having ionization potentials in a low range, and gas atoms having an ionization potential in a high range, is introduced into the chamber. An electron temperature below the low range is generated to partially ionize the feed by dissociating the metal atoms from the gas atoms, and by ionizing the metal atoms into light and heavy ions according to their mass to charge ratio. The light and heavy ions are then influenced by the crossed electric and magnetic fields to separate the light ions from the heavy ions.
摘要翻译：根据其质量的用于分离部分电离等离子体中的离子的过滤器和方法包括在其中建立了交叉的电场和磁场的腔室。将包含电离电位低范围的金属原子和高电离电位的气体原料引入室内。产生低于低范围的电子温度，通过使金属原子与气体原子分离，并通过根据其质荷比将金属原子离子化成轻质和重离子来使进料部分离子化。轻离子和重离子然后被交叉的电场和磁场影响，以将轻离子与重离子分离。

3. 发明授权

US06251282B1 Plasma filter with helical magnetic field 失效
标题翻译：带螺旋磁场的等离子体滤波器
公开(公告)号：US06251282B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-26
申请号：US09456795
申请日：1999-12-08
申请人： Sergei Putvinski , Tihiro Ohkawa , Richard L. Freeman
发明人： Sergei Putvinski , Tihiro Ohkawa , Richard L. Freeman
IPC分类号： B03C100
CPC分类号： B03C1/023 , B03C1/288 , H01J49/328
摘要： A plasma mass filter using a helical magnetic field for separating low-mass particles from high-mass particles in a multi-species plasma includes a cylindrical outer wall located at a distance “a” from a longitudinal axis. Also included is a coaxial cylindrical inner wall positioned to establish a plasma chamber between the inner and outer walls. The magnetic field is generated in this chamber with an axial component (Bz) and an azimuthal component (B&thgr;), which interact together with an electric field to create crossed magnetic and electric fields. The electric field has a positive potential, Vctr, on the inner wall and a zero potential on the outer wall. With these crossed magnetic and electric fields, a multi-species plasma is moved through the chamber with a velocity, vz, high-mass particles in the plasma (M2) are ejected into the outer wall and low-mass particles (M1) are confined in the chamber during transit of the chamber to separate the low-mass particles from the high-mass particles, where M1
摘要翻译：使用螺旋磁场的等离子体质量过滤器用于从多质量等离子体中的高质量粒子分离低质量粒子包括位于距纵向轴线“a”的圆柱形外壁。还包括定位成在内壁和外壁之间建立等离子体室的同轴圆柱形内壁。在该腔室中产生具有轴向分量（Bz）和方位角分量（Btheta）的磁场，其与电场相互作用以产生交叉的磁场和电场。电场在内壁上具有正电位Vctr，在外壁上具有零电位。通过这些交叉的磁场和电场，多品种等离子体以等离子体（M2）中的速度，vz，高质量粒子的速度被移动通过室，并且低质量粒子（M1）被限制在室内运送期间，将低质量颗粒与高质量颗粒分离，其中M1

4. 发明申请

US20070095726A1 Chafftron 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：US20070095726A1
公开(公告)日：2007-05-03
申请号：US11261113
申请日：2005-10-28
申请人： Tihiro Ohkawa
发明人： Tihiro Ohkawa
IPC分类号： B07C5/00
CPC分类号： B01D43/00
摘要： A device for separating high mass particles (MH) and low mass particles (ML) from each other includes a laser source for vaporizing a solid target material that contains MH and ML. The resultant vapor jet is directed along an axis and an injector directs a gas flow along a path through the vapor jet perpendicular to the axis of the vapor jet. This entrains ML in the gas flow to thereby separate ML from MH. Collectors are respectively positioned on the axis for collecting MH from the vapor jet, and on the path for collecting ML from the gas flow.
摘要翻译：用于分离高质量颗粒（M H H H）和低质量颗粒（M SUB）的装置彼此包括用于蒸发含有M 2的固体目标材料的激光源， H＆gt;和M＆lt; L＆gt;。所得到的蒸汽射流沿轴线引导，并且喷射器沿着垂直于蒸气射流轴线的蒸气射流的路径引导气流。这引起气流中的M L L，从而将M L从M H H分离。收集器分别位于轴线上，用于从蒸汽射流收集M H H，并且在用于从气流收集M L的路径上。

5. 发明授权

US06726844B2 Isotope separator 有权
标题翻译：同位素分离器
公开(公告)号：US06726844B2
公开(公告)日：2004-04-27
申请号：US10171480
申请日：2002-06-12
申请人： Tihiro Ohkawa , Robert L. Miller
发明人： Tihiro Ohkawa , Robert L. Miller
IPC分类号： B03C102
CPC分类号： B01D59/48 , C02F2101/006
摘要： An isotope separator includes a cylindrical chamber having first and second ends, and a length “L.” Inside the chamber, an E×B field is applied to produce plasma rotation. The energy in the plasma rotation is chosen to be much higher than the electron temperature which is clamped by radiation. As the plasma then transits the chamber through the length “L”, the electrons cool the thermal temperature of the isotope ions while maintaining the rotation. Under these conditions, the minority and majority isotopes become substantially separated from each other before they exit the chamber. To achieve this result, E×B is determined using mathematically derived expressions and, in compliance with these parameters, the length “L” of the chamber is determined so that the plasma residence time in the chamber, &tgr;1, will be greater than the cooling time, &tgr;2 (&tgr;1>&tgr;2) necessary to affect isotope separation.
摘要翻译：同位素分离器包括具有第一端和第二端以及长度“L”的圆柱形室。在室内，应用ExB场产生等离子体旋转。选择等离子体旋转中的能量远高于被辐射钳住的电子温度。当等离子体然后通过长度“L”转移室时，电子冷却同位素离子的热温度同时保持旋转。在这些条件下，少数和多数同位素在离开室之前彼此基本分离。为了获得这个结果，使用数学派生表达式确定ExB，并且根据这些参数确定室的长度“L”，使得室中的等离子体停留时间τ1将大于冷却时间， tau2（tau1> tau2）是影响同位素分离所必需的。

6. 发明授权

US06375860B1 Controlled potential plasma source 失效
标题翻译：受控电位等离子体源
公开(公告)号：US06375860B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-23
申请号：US08401869
申请日：1995-03-10
申请人： Tihiro Ohkawa , Stanley I. Tsunoda
发明人： Tihiro Ohkawa , Stanley I. Tsunoda
IPC分类号： C23F100
CPC分类号： H01J37/32623 , C23C16/4401 , H01J37/32697
摘要： The occurrence of internally-formed contaminants or negatively-charged particulates within a plasma is minimized by preventing such from becoming trapped in the plasma. The plasma is formed in a plasma chamber having control electrodes and reference electrodes. The control electrodes are biased with a negative potential. The plasma assumes a potential more positive than the control electrodes. The reference electrodes are then biased to be more positive than the plasma. Hence, negative ions or negatively-charged particulates in the plasma are attracted to the more positive reference electrodes, and thus escape the plasma without being trapped therein, and are not available to serve as nucleation or agglomeration points for contaminants. A pair of Helmholtz coils produce a magnetic field having magnetic field lines that run longitudinally between the control electrodes. The magnitude of the magnetic field is sufficiently strong to confine electron current only along the magnetic field lines, yet sufficiently weak to allow negative ion current and negatively-charged particulates to cross the magnetic field lines. Because the plasma current density is dominated by electron current as opposed to ion current (due to the higher thermal velocity of electrons compared to ions), and because electron current is controlled only through the control electrodes, the plasma is effectively controlled by the potential applied to the control electrodes.
摘要翻译：通过防止等离子体中的内部形成的污染物或负电荷的微粒的发生被最小化。等离子体形成在具有控制电极和参考电极的等离子体室中。控制电极被偏置为负电位。等离子体具有比控制电极更正的电位。然后将参考电极偏置成比等离子体更正。因此，等离子体中的负离子或带负电荷的微粒被吸引到更正的参考电极，并且因此逃离等离子体而不被捕获在其中，并且不能用作污染物的成核或聚集点。一对亥姆霍兹线圈产生具有在控制电极之间纵向延伸的磁场线的磁场。磁场的强度足够强以限制电子流仅沿着磁场线，但足够弱以允许负离子电流和带负电荷的微粒穿过磁场线。因为等离子体电流密度与电子电流相反，与离子电流相反（由于电子与离子相比较高的热速度），并且由于仅通过控制电极控制电子电流，所以等离子体被施加的电位有效地控制到控制电极。

7. 发明授权

US06322706B1 Radial plasma mass filter 失效
标题翻译：径向等离子体质量过滤器
公开(公告)号：US06322706B1
公开(公告)日：2001-11-27
申请号：US09353689
申请日：1999-07-14
申请人： Tihiro Ohkawa
发明人： Tihiro Ohkawa
IPC分类号： B03C100
CPC分类号： H01J49/328 , B03C1/32 , G21F9/02 , G21F9/30
摘要： A plasma filter for separating particles includes a hollow semi-cylindrical chamber that is enclosed by a wall. At least one plasma source is mounted in the chamber between the longitudinal axis of the chamber and the wall for generating a multi-species plasma containing light mass particles (M1) and heavy mass particles (M2). A magnetic coil is used to generate a magnetic field, Bz, in the chamber that is aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis, and electrodes at each end of the chamber generate an electric field, Er, in the chamber that is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. These crossed electric and magnetic fields rotate the multi-species plasma on a curved path around the longitudinal axis, and in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, to separate M1 from M2. Thus, the wall of the chamber acts as a circumferential collector for collecting the heavy mass particles (M2), and a radial collector which is located at an azimuthal angle &bgr; from the plasma source, and which extends radially between the circumferential collector and the longitudinal axis, is used for collecting the light mass particles (M1).
摘要翻译：用于分离颗粒的等离子体过滤器包括由壁包围的中空半圆柱形室。至少一个等离子体源安装在腔室的纵向轴线和壁之间，用于产生含有轻质粒子（M1）和重质粒子（M2）的多种等离子体。电磁线圈用于在腔室中平行于纵向轴线产生磁场Bz，腔室两端的电极在腔室中产生电场，该电场垂直于纵向轴。这些交叉的电场和磁场在围绕纵向轴线的弯曲路径上旋转多种类等离子体，并且在基本上垂直于纵向轴线的平面中，使M1与M2分离。因此，室的壁用作用于收集重质粒子（M2）的圆周收集器，以及位于等离子体源的方位角β处的径向收集器，并且在圆周收集器和纵向轴用于收集轻质粒子（M1）。

8. 发明授权

US06303007B1 Plasma injector 失效
标题翻译：等离子注射器
公开(公告)号：US06303007B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-16
申请号：US09440358
申请日：1999-11-15
申请人： Tihiro Ohkawa
发明人： Tihiro Ohkawa
IPC分类号： H05F306
CPC分类号： H05H1/46
摘要： A plasma injector for creating a plasma discharge includes a hollow, substantially cylindrical-shaped waveguide, and a coaxial dielectric loaded cavity. The waveguide is specifically dimensioned to establish a predetermined cut off wavelength in the waveguide. A microwave power generator is connected with the cavity to generate a resonant microwave in the cavity which will establish a TE mode electrical field in the waveguide. Importantly, the resonant microwave has a wavelength that is below the cut off wavelength in order to prevent a propagation of the microwave through the waveguide. The injector also includes a feed line for introducing a waste material into the waveguide. Specifically, the waste material interacts with the TE mode electrical field in the waveguide to vaporize the waste material and thereby create the plasma discharge.
摘要翻译：用于产生等离子体放电的等离子体注入器包括中空的基本上圆柱形的波导和同轴电介质加载腔。波导的特别尺寸用于在波导中建立预定的截止波长。微波发电机与空腔连接以在腔中产生谐振微波，其将在波导中建立TE模式电场。重要的是，谐振微波具有低于截止波长的波长，以便防止微波通过波导传播。喷射器还包括用于将废料引入波导管的进料管线。具体地，废料与波导管中的TE模式电场相互作用，使废料蒸发，从而产生等离子体放电。

9. 发明授权

US06248240B1 Plasma mass filter 有权
标题翻译：等离子体质量过滤器
公开(公告)号：US06248240B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-19
申请号：US09464518
申请日：1999-12-15
申请人： Tihiro Ohkawa
发明人： Tihiro Ohkawa
IPC分类号： B03C100
CPC分类号： B03C1/023 , B01D59/48 , B03C1/288 , H01J49/328 , H01J49/38 , H01J49/46
摘要： A method for separating charged particles according to their mass requires providing a multi-species plasma in a chamber. The plasma includes both relatively low-mass charged particles (M1) and relatively high-mass charged particles (M2) which are influenced by crossed electric and magnetic fields (E×B) in the chamber. Specifically, the crossed fields (E×B) rotate the particles M1 and M2 in respective orbits that are characteristic of the mass of the particular particle. Inside the chamber, each charged particle has a respective cyclotron frequency (&OHgr;), and the plasma is maintained with a density wherein the collisional frequency (&ngr;) of particles in the chamber relates to the cyclotron frequency such that their ratio is greater than approximately one (&OHgr;/&ngr;≧1). Additionally, a collector is positioned to intercept the particles (M2) in their orbits and to thereby separate the particles (M2) from the particles (M1).
摘要翻译：根据其质量分离带电粒子的方法需要在室中提供多种类的等离子体。等离子体包括受室内交叉电场和磁场（ExB）影响的相对低质量的带电粒子（M1）和相对高质量的带电粒子（M2）。具体地说，交叉场（ExB）使颗粒M1和M2在特定颗粒质量的特征的相应轨道中旋转。在室内，每个带电粒子具有各自的回旋加速器频率（OMEGA），等离子体保持密度，其中腔室中的颗粒的碰撞频率（＆ngr）与回旋加速器频率相关，使得其比率大于约一个（OMEGA /＆ngr;> = 1）。另外，收集器定位成在它们的轨道上拦截颗粒（M2），从而将颗粒（M2）与颗粒（M1）分离。

10. 发明授权

US06203669B1 Nuclear waste separator 失效
公开(公告)号：US06203669B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-20
申请号：US09275699
申请日：1999-03-24
申请人： Tihiro Ohkawa
发明人： Tihiro Ohkawa
IPC分类号： C25B500
CPC分类号： G21F9/305 , G21F9/06 , G21F9/30
摘要： A method and system for separating radioactive waste containing volatiles, into light ions and heavy ions, includes a loader/transporter for transferring the waste into a high vacuum environment in the chamber of a plasma processor. During this transfer, gases of the volatiles are released from the waste, collected in a holding tank, and subsequently ionized in the chamber. As the volatiles are ionized, the ions are directed by a magnetic field into contact with the waste to vaporize the waste. The waste vapors are then ionized in the plasma processor chamber to create a multi-species plasma which includes electrons, light ions and heavy ions. Within the chamber, the density of the multi-species plasma is established to be above its collision density in order to establish a substantially uniform velocity for all ions in the plasma. A nozzle accelerates the multi-species plasma to generate a fluid stream which is directed from the chamber toward an inertial separator. A magnetic field in the inertial separator effectively blocks electrons in the stream from entering the separator. On the other hand, the inertia of the various ions in the stream carry them into the separator where they are segregated into light ions and heavy ions according to their atomic weights. After segregation, the heavy ions are vitrified for subsequent disposal.

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